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The Craft of Science Writing
Selections from The Open Notebook
Expanded Edition | Second Edition
Edited by Siri Carpenter Published by the University of Chicago Press (November 2024)A deeply sourced, inclusive guide to all aspects of science writing with contributions from some of the most skilled and award-winning authors working today.
Science writing has never been so critical to our world, and the demands on writers have never been greater. On any given day, a writer might need to explain the details of AI, analyze developments in climate change research, or serve as a watchdog helping to ensure the integrity of the scientific enterprise. At the same time, writers must spin tales that hook and keep readers, despite the endless other demands on their attention. How does one do it? The Craft of Science Writing is the authoritative guide. With pieces curated from the archives of science writers’ go-to online resource, The Open Notebook, this book explores strategies for finding and shaping story ideas, pitching editors, and building a specialty in science writing. It delves into fundamental skills that every science writer must learn, including planning their reporting; identifying, interviewing, and quoting sources; organizing interview notes; and crafting stories that engage and inform audiences. This expanded edition includes new introductory material and nine new essays focusing on such topics as how to establish a science beat, how to find and use quotes, how to critically evaluate scientific claims, how to use social media for reporting, and how to do data-driven reporting. In addition, there are essays on inclusivity in science writing, offering strategies for eradicating ableist language from stories, working with sensitivity readers, and breaking into English-language media for speakers of other languages. Through interviews with leading journalists offering behind-the-scenes inspiration as well as in-depth essays on the craft offering practical advice, readers will learn how the best science stories get made, from conception to completion.CONTRIBUTORS
Humberto Basilio, Siri Carpenter, Jeanne Erdmann, Dan Ferber, Tina Casagrand Foss, Geoffrey Giller, Laura Helmuth, Jane C. Hu, Alla Katsnelson, Roxanne Khamsi, Betsy Ladyzhets, Jyoti Madhusoodanan, Amanda Mascarelli, Robin Meadows, Kate Morgan, Tiên Nguyễn, Michelle Nijhuis, Aneri Pattani, Rodrigo Pérez Ortega, Mallory Pickett, Kendall Powell, Tasneem Raja, Sandeep Ravindran, Marion Renault, Julia Rosen, Megha Satyanarayana, Christina Selby, Knvul Sheikh, Abdullahi Tsanni, Alexandra Witze, Katherine J. Wu, Wudan Yan, Ed Yong, Rachel Zamzow, Sarah Zhang, and Carl Zimmer
ABOUT THE EDITOR
Siri Carpenter is an award-winning science journalist and editor whose writing and editorial work has appeared in the New York Times, Science, Discover, Scientific American, Science News, bioGraphic, and other publications. She is cofounder, executive director, and editor-in-chief of The Open Notebook, a non-profit organization that is widely regarded as the leading source of online training and educational materials for journalists who cover science. She is a past president of the National Association of Science Writers. She lives in Madison, Wisconsin.
BUY THE BOOK
The Craft of Science Writing is available at these and other booksellers:
- University of Chicago Press (use code UCPNEW for a 30% discount)
- Bookshop
- Amazon
- Barnes & Noble
- Books A Million
- Powell’s Books
365 pages | 2 halftones | 6 x 9 | © 2024
Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing
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ABOUT THE OPEN NOTEBOOK
The Open Notebook is a 501(c)(3) organization founded in 2010 that is widely regarded as the leading online source of training and educational materials for journalists who cover science. Our ultimate goal is to enable communities to navigate the complexities of how science affects our everyday lives.
PRAISE FOR THE CRAFT OF SCIENCE WRITING
“Embodies the tenet that one learns by practicing the craft in a supportive community where everyone continually strives for greater mastery. This book will be invaluable for undergraduate and graduate students in writing or journalism programs, regardless of their interest in the sciences. Students in the sciences who encounter this book may discover a second vocation. Highly recommended. All readers.” —Choice Reviews, American Library Association
“One of the best journalism books of all time.” —BookAuthority
“Buying this book, one is not merely purchasing a science writing guide. One is taking a seat at a community table. As the world faces threats from climate change and the coronavirus pandemic, science journalists, as first responders for truth, need every bit of that sustenance.” —Journalism & Mass Communication Educator
“If I had to strip my go-to shelf of reporting and writing books down to a very few, this one would remain. The Craft of Science Writing offers valuable tips for any reporter or editor, of any experience level, covering any topic. In an era when facts are under assault, this book is especially welcome.” —Jacqui Banaszynski, Pulitzer Prize–winning reporter and editor, Knight Chair Professor Emerita at the Missouri School of Journalism
“Since 2010, The Open Notebook has served as an indispensable online guide to science writing. With The Craft of Science Writing, they’ve distilled those years of insights into an excellent survey of the field. You’ll find the nuts and bolts here—how to read a scientific paper, how to craft a lede, and so on. But you’ll also get a sense of what it’s like to wake up every morning and face the delights and dread that this job brings.” —Carl Zimmer, journalist and author of Life’s Edge: The Search for What It Means to Be Alive
“Listen up, journalism professors, students, and media professionals! You won’t find a better guide to the art (and craft) of science writing than this book. The Open Notebook has produced a fascinating, informative, empathetic, and pragmatic tour through an increasingly vital set of skills. Whether you cover politics, education, national security, transportation, or business, the ability to write intelligently about science is now essential. Luckily for us, TON has distilled years of expert observation and insight to light the way.” —Jennifer Kahn, contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine and Narrative Program Lead, University of California, Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism
“Accessible, informative, and engaging, The Craft of Science Writing can serve as an excellent resource for both classroom instruction and self-study. A welcome contribution!” —Barbara Gastel, MD, professor and Science Journalism Program coordinator, Texas A&M University
PRAISE FOR THE OPEN NOTEBOOK
“I recommend The Open Notebook to every writer, not just science journalists. Their story dissections are amazing, their pitch database is a goldmine, and their profiles of other writers are the best way to score insider tips and/or feel less alone in the struggle.” —Nicola Twilley, author of Frostbite: How Refrigeration Changed Our Food, Our Planet, and Ourselves, cohost of the Gastropod podcast, and frequent contributor to the New Yorker
“Writing is a lonely art. The vast majority of the process, from coming up with ideas to structuring a piece, is carried out in solitude. When you start out, you barely have a clue about what you’re doing, let alone what seasoned professionals get up to. Getting those pros to deconstruct their own methods for all to see is a massive boon to aspiring science writers.” —Ed Yong, Pulitzer Prize–winning science journalist and author of An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms around Us
“The Open Notebook is an incredibly generous project, a gift to the science writer community. The TON interviewers pick some of the most innovative and engaging recent science features and ask writers just the right questions. Everyone involved—the TON creators, the interviewers, the writers who reveal their methods—is helping teach the rest of us a master class in science writing.” —Laura Helmuth, editor-in-chief of Scientific American and past president of the National Association of Science Writers
“Most websites on media focus on ephemera: Who’s in, who’s out, mergers, layoffs, and corporate gossip. The Open Notebook is a rare, shining exception. Aiming to serve as a kind of ars journalistica for working science writers, the site lays bare the elements of craft that determine a story’s lasting impact. By interviewing those who have distinguished themselves in the fields of science reporting, feature writing, blogging, and multimedia, The Open Notebook transcends hackneyed print-vs.-digital dichotomies to deliver tips, advice, and food for thought that can be directly put into practice in today’s hyper-competitive freelance environment. The site also offers something that’s harder to define but just as essential: a sense of collective ethics and joy in our hard work. I love The Open Notebook.” —Steve Silberman, journalist and author of Neurotribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Note to Readers
Introduction
Siri Carpenter
Part 1: Who Is a Science Journalist and How Do You Become One?
1. How to Use Reporting Skills from Any Beat for Science Journalism
Aneri Pattani
2. Trading the Pipette for the Pen: Transitioning from Science to Science Writing
Julia Rosen
3. Do You Need a Science Degree to Be a Science Reporter?
Aneri Pattani
4. How to Break into English-Language Media as a Non-Native-English Speaker
Humberto Basilio
5. Feeling Like a Fraud: The Impostor Phenomenon in Science Writing
Sandeep Ravindran
6. What Is Science Journalism Worth?
Kendall Powell
7. Nice Niche: How to Build and Keep Up with a Beat
Knvul Sheikh
8. A Conversation with Amy Maxmen on “How the Fight against Ebola Tested a Culture’s Traditions”
Amanda Mascarelli
Part 2: What Makes a Science Story and How Do You Find One?
9. Is This a Story? How to Evaluate Your Ideas Before You Pitch
Mallory Pickett
10. Sharpening Ideas: From Topic to Story
Dan Ferber
11. Critically Evaluating Claims
Megha Satyanarayana
12. Finding the Science in Any Story
Kate Morgan
13. Pitching Errors: How Not to Pitch
Laura Helmuth
14. Five Ways to Sink a Pitch
Siri Carpenter
15. What Makes a Good Pitch? Annotations from the TON Pitch Database
Roxanne Khamsi
16. A Conversation with Kathryn Schulz on “The Really Big One”
Michelle Nijhuis
Part 3: How Do You Report a Science Story?
17. Is Anyone Out There? Sourcing News Stories
Geoffrey Giller
18. Interviewing for Career-Spanning Profiles
Alla Katsnelson
19. How to Conduct Difficult Interviews
Mallory Pickett
20. Including Diverse Voices in Science Stories
Christina Selby
21. How to Find Patient Stories on Social Media
Katherine J. Wu
22. Pulling It All Together: Organizing Reporting Notes
Sarah Zhang
23. Gut Check: Working with a Sensitivity Reader
Jane C. Hu
24. When Science Reporting Takes an Emotional Toll
Wudan Yan
25. A Conversation with Annie Waldman on “How Hospitals Are Failing Black Mothers”
Tasneem Raja
Part 4: How Do You Tell Your Story?
26. Good Beginnings: How to Write a Lede Your Editor and Your Readers Will Love
Robin Meadows
27. Nailing the Nut Graf
Tina Casagrand Foss
28. How to Find and Use Quotes in Science Stories
Abdullahi Tsanni
29. Like Being There: How Science Writers Use Sensory Detail
Jyoti Madhusoodanan
30. Eradicating Ableist Language Yields More Accurate and More Humane Journalism
Marion Renault
31. Good Endings: How to Write a Kicker Your Editor and Your Readers Will Love
Robin Meadows
32. The First Critic Is You: Editing Your Own Work
Tiên Nguyễn
33. A Conversation with Linda Nordling on “How Decolonization Could Reshape South African Science”
Jeanne Erdmann
Part 5: How Do You Build Expertise in Science Writing?
34. How to Read a Scientific Paper
Alexandra Witze
35. What Are the Odds? Reporting on Risk
Jane C. Hu
36. Spotting Shady Statistics
Rachel Zamzow
37. Problems with Preprints: Covering Rough-Draft Manuscripts Responsibly
Roxanne Khamsi
38. Getting the Most out of Scientific Conferences
Rodrigo Pérez Ortega
39. Interrogating Data: A Science Writer’s Guide to Data Journalism
Betsy Ladyzhets
40. Explaining Complexity
Carl Zimmer
41. How to Do a Close Read
Siri Carpenter
42. A Conversation with Maggie Koerth on “The Complicated Legacy of a Panda Who Was Really Good at Sex”
Ed Yong
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Index