?A???}?e???s?[?̎??i?Ƃ́H???i?T?v?Ǝ?ނ??ꗗ?ŏЉ?I
?A???}?e???s?[?̎??i?Ƃ?
?A???}???i?Ƃ́A?A???}?e???s?[?̊?b?m????A???}?Z???s?X?g?Ƃ??Ċ???ł???\?͂??ؖ????邽?߂̔F?莑?i?⌟????w???܂??B
???̂Ƃ??덑?Ǝ??i?ɊY????????̂͂Ȃ??A???Ԓc?̂??F?肷?鎑?i?????????݂??܂??B
?A???}?֘A?̎??i?擾???????????ꍇ?A?ǂ?ȃX?L????g?ɒ??????????A???ɐ????????????Ȃǂɂ??A
?擾???ׂ????̂??ς???Ă??܂??̂ŁA???O?Ɏ??i???e?ׂ邱?Ƃ??????߂??܂??B
???i?E?u???̑I?ѕ?
?w?ԖړI???͂????肳????I
?A???}?e???s?[???i?́A??b?I?Ȓm???E?X?L?????C????????̂???A?d???Ɋ??????鎑?i?܂ł??܂??܂???܂??B???i?擾??ڎw???????ł̍u???I?тō????Ă?????́A?w?ԖړI???͂????肳???邱?Ƃ??d?v???Ǝv???܂??B
?ȉ??ŖړI?ʂɊw?Ԃׂ????e????Љ?܂??̂ŁA?Q?l?ɂ??Ă݂Ă????????B
???A???}?̎d??????????
?g???[?g?????g?Z?p?̏K?????K?{?ł??B?A???}???Z???܂܂??R?[?X?̎?u?????????܂??傤?B?ł???T?????ł̎??H???ł???u?????]?܂????ł??傤?B?J?Ƃ?????ɓ???Ă???ꍇ?́A?J?ƃR?[?X?Ƃ????̂?????܂??B
???Ƒ??⎩???̌??N?E???e?ɖ𗧂Ă???
?A???}?e???s?[?̃??J?j?Y????A?????̗R???Ȃǂ??w??Ƃ??Ċw?ׂ?R?[?X??I?т܂??傤?B???e?E?????N?[?[?V?????ɗ??p?????A???}?m???͂??????A??Öʂł????p????郁?f?B?J???A???}?ƌĂ??m???????ɗ??ł??傤?B
???Ƃɂ??????i????肽??
???i??R?[?X????u???܂??傤?B?ǂ̎??i???Ƃ???????́A?u?A???}???i?̎?ނƃX?N?[????r?v?L?????Q?l?ɂ??Ă????????B
?w?K?X?^?C???????߂?I
?A???}?e???s?[?̍u???ɂ́A?ʊw?E?ʐM?̊w?K?X?^?C????????܂??B???Ղɒʊw?u???̕????C?y?ɐi?߂?ꂻ????????A?ƌ??߂Ă??܂??ƁA???ʓI?ɕ????Ȃ??Ȃ????Ȃ?Ă??Ƃ??l?????܂??B???????g?̐????X?^?C???Ŗ????̂Ȃ??w?K?X?^?C????I??????Ƃ悢?ł??傤?B
?{?i?I?Ɏd???Ɋ??????Ă??????????ɂ́A?ʊw?u???????????߂??܂??B?o???L?x?ȍu?t????̒??ڎw???ɂ?萳?????m?????g?ɕt???܂????A?????ڕW???????????Ԃɂ??o???͂??ł??B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
?A???}???i?̎??
???i?̎?ނ?m?邽?߂ɂ́A?܂????i?F??c?̂̎?ނɂ??Ĕc?????Ă????K?v??????܂??B
???v?Вc?@?l???{?A???}??????(AEAJ)??Â̎??i
AEAJ??1996?N?ɐݗ?????A2012?N?Ɍ??v?Вc?@?l?ƂȂ?܂????B?????ł͔??Q?̒m???x???????c?̂ł??B??????ŔF?肳??鎑?i?ɂ́A?uAEAJ?F??v?ƋL?ڂ?????̂ŁA?`?F?b?N???܂??傤?B
???v?Вc?@?l?͍??Ɍ??v?????F?߂?ꂽ?c?̂Ƃ??????ƂŁA?M???x?̍??????ؖ?????Ă??܂??B?m????̂́u?A???}?e???s?[????v????A???Z??̂́u?A???}?Z???s?X?g???i?v?܂ŕ??L???W?J???Ă??܂??B?ڂ????́w???{?A???}??????yAEAJ?z?Ƃ́H?x?ł??Љ?Ă??܂??B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
IFA???ۃA???}?Z???s?X?g?A??
IFA???ۃA???}?Z???s?X?g?A???́A1985?N?ɐ??E?ŏ??߂Ĕ????????A???}?e???s?[?̍??ۋ@?ւł??B?p?????A???}?e???s?[??2??g?D?̈?ł??B?A???}?̖{??C?M???X???͂??߁A???E???ɉ?????????A?A???}?Z???s?[?Ɛ????̐?啪??ɓ????????f?B?v???}?R?[?X????Ă??܂??B??Փx???????A?C???܂łɎ??Ԃ???????܂????A???E?I?ɔF?m?x?̍??????i???擾???邱?Ƃ́A???{?????ł͂??????C?O?ł?????ł???`?????X??????܂??B?ڂ????́wIFA???ۃA???}?Z???s?X?g?Ƃ͂ǂ?Ȏ??i?H?x?ł??Љ?Ă??܂??B
IFPA ???ۃv???t?F?b?V???i???A???}?Z???s?X?g?A??
IFPA?́A???E?e???Ńv???̃A???}?Z???s?X?g?Ƃ??Ċ??????ɂ???č\???????A?p???̃A???}?Z???s?X?g????ł??B?C?M???X???{?Ƃ̘A?g?̂??ƁA?A???}?e???s?[?Ɋւ???@?K???߂???A?A???}?e???s?[?̔??W?⌤????i?߂??肷?????A?A???}?Z???s?X?g?̒n?ʁE?Z?p?̌???A???̍????A???}?Z???s?X?g?̈琬?ɗ͂𒍂??ł??܂??B?܂??AIFPA?̓C?M???X?̑?w?ŔF??????s?????B??̃A???}?e???s?[???i?ł???A?e?[???Y?o???[??w?̂ق??S?̑?w?ł?IFPA?F??̃A???}?e???s?[?w?Ȃ??݂?????ȂǁA????@?ւ?????????]???Ă??܂??B?ڂ????́wIFPA?F??A???}?Z???s?X?g?Ƃ͂ǂ?Ȏ??i?H?x?ł??Љ?Ă??܂??B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
???{?A???}?R?[?f?B?l?[?^?[????iJAA?j
???{?A???}?R?[?f?B?l?[?^?[????́A?Љ?ɍv???ł???A???}?R?[?f?B?l?[?^?[?̈琬??ړI??1995?N?ɐݗ?????܂????B?A???}?R?[?f?B?l?[?^?[?Ƃ́A?A???}?Z???s?[?Ɋւ????b?m????????A?A???}?????S?ɐ????Ɏ?????邱?Ƃ??ł?????ł??邱?Ƃ??????AJAA?̔F?莑?i?̈?ł??B?ڂ????́w?A???}?R?[?f?B?l?[?^?[?iJAA?j?Ƃ͂ǂ?Ȏ??i?H?x?ł??Љ?Ă??܂??B
NARD JAPAN ?i?[?h?E?A???}?e???s?[????
NARD JAPAN?i?i?[?h?E?A???}?e???s?[????j?́A?A???}?e???s?[?Ɋւ???K?v??????Ă????@?\?Ƃ??āA1998?N?ɐݗ?????܂????BNARD?̓t?????X???A???}?e???s?[?ɕ??ނ???܂??B?u???Ɋւ??ẮA?ړI?ɍ??킹??2?̓???R?[?X??3?̎??i?擾?R?[?X???^?c?E?F?肵?Ă??܂??B???i?擾?R?[?X?͑S???e?n?̔F??Z?Ŏ?u???邱?Ƃ??ł??A?C????A?F?莎???ɍ??i?E?F??o?^??\?????邱?ƂŁA?F?莑?i?邱?Ƃ??ł??܂??B???i?́ANARD JAPAN?Ǝ??̎??i?F?萧?x?ɂ????̂ł??B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
?A???}?e???s?[?̎??i??????????d???E???
?A???}?e???s?[?̎??i??m???͗l?X?Ȏd??????퐶???ł̃X?g???X?y???ȂǂɊ????????Ƃ??ł??A???ڂ??W?߂Ă??܂??B
?????ł̓A???}?e???s?[?̎??i??m????????????d??????퐶???ł̊????????????Љ?܂??B
?A???}?Z???s?X?g
?A???}?Z???s?X?g?͐????̐??????m?????????A???k?҂̐??_?I?ȔY?݂?g?̓I?ȔY?݂ɍ??킹?č?????Ă?????A???ۂɃ}?b?T?[?W?Ȃǂ̎{?p???s???܂??B
?Ζ???Ƃ??Ă̓????N?[?[?V?????T??????A???}?̔??X?A?i?`???????R?X?????????Ă???R?X???V???b?v?Ȃǂ????????܂??B???݊??ɓ????Ă???l?ł??A???i???擾???邱?ƂŊe?X?̐E??ł̃X?L???A?b?v?Ɍq????܂??B
?A???}?ƊE?ł̎d???̎?ނ?Ζ???ɂ??Ắw?A???}?ƊE?̌???̎?ނ͂ǂ?ȐE?ꂪ????H?x?ŏڂ?????????Ă??܂??̂ŁA?Q?l?ɂ??Ă݂Ă????????B
??ÁE???ƊE?ł̎d??
??Â???̏?ʂł??A???}?̒m???͊??p?ł??܂??B
?A???}?͒ɂ݂?s???A?C???̗??????݁A?Ȃǂ̕s?????̂???Ǐ?ɑ??Č??ʂ????邱?Ƃ????????Ă??܂??̂ŁA???݁A?Ō?m????E???Ƃ??ċΖ????Ă???????A???f?B?J???A???}?g???[?g?????g?̎{?p???s?????߂ɃA???}???w?Ԃ??Ƃ????????Ă???悤?ł??B
?C?M???X?ł?30?N?ȏ???O?????Â̌???ɃA???}?????p????Ă??邻???ł??B
?}?b?T?[?W??̂̎d??
?w???t??̎t???????̌??\?Ǝ{?p??g?ݍ??킹?邱?ƂŁA???̂̌??ʂ????߂邱?Ƃ??ł??܂??B
?????N?[?[?V?????T?????Ȃǂł̓??t???N?\???W?[????p?h???i?[?W???Ȃǂ??????̎{?p??g???킹?čs???R?[?X??????܂????A???̒??ł??A???}?}?b?T?[?W???܂ރR?[?X?͐l?C??????܂??B
?Ⴆ?A?}?b?T?[?W?Ō???????̋ؓ????ق????????p?̗???𑣂????ƂŁA???s???ǂ??Ȃ茨????̉????Ɍq????܂??B???̍ہA?}?[?W????????W???W???[?ȂǁA?̂????ߌ??s??ǂ??????p?̂???A???}?I?C?????g???ƁA?}?b?T?[?W?̌??ʂ??????ʓI?ɑ̂ɍ?p????悤?ɂȂ?܂??B
?X?g???X?y???E???t???b?V??????
???퐶???ŃA???}????????邱?Ƃɂ???Ď???̑̒??𐮂???ȊO?ɂ??C???]????X?g???X?ɘa???s???????????Ă??܂??B
???ۂɃA???}????퐶???Ɏ?????Ă???l?Ǝ?????Ă??Ȃ??l?̍K???x???????Ƃ???A??????Ă???l?̕????K???x???????Ƃ??????ʂ??łĂ??܂??B
?????????????Ƃ?????A???}????퐶???Ɏ?????A?Z???t?P?A???s?????Ƃœ??X?̐????????悢???̂ɂȂ??Ă????ł??傤?B
?A???}?̎??i?̊????????́u?d???ɂ???v?????ł͂???܂???B?A???}?e???s?[?⍁??Ɋւ???m???E?X?L???͎????????g?̐????ɂ????????????炵?Ă???܂??B
?A???}?e???s?[?̎??i?͎?ނ??????̂ŁA??Փx?̒Ⴂ???̂???`???????W???A???X?ɃX?e?b?v?A?b?v???Ă????̂????????߂ł??B?育??ȉ??i??w?K???Ԃ̍u????????܂??̂ŁA?A???}?e???s?[?̍u???̓??e???C?ɂȂ????玟?̍??ځu???i?E?u???̑I?ѕ??v??ǂ?A?s???N?F?̃{?^??????u???̏ڍׂ??m?F???Ă݂Ă????????B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
?A???}???i???擾???郁???b?g
?A?E??L?????A?A?b?v?ɖ𗧂?
?A???}???i???擾???Ă??????ƂŁA?A???}?Ɋւ???m????X?L?????????Ă??邱?Ƃ??ؖ?????܂??B???ɃA???}?ƊE?œ????̂ł???̗p?ɗL???ɂȂ邱?ƊԈႢ????܂???B
?Ζ???ɂ???Ă͎??i???擾???邱?ƂŎ??i?蓖?Ȃǂ??t???A?ҋ????P?ɂȂ??邱?Ƃ?????܂??B
?܂??A?????A???}?T?????Ȃǂ̊J?Ƃ??l???Ă???l?ɂƂ??ẮA???i???????Ă??邱?ƂŎЉ?I?ȐM?p???邽?߁A???X?̃A?s?[???|?C???g?ɂ??Ȃ?܂??B
????????ۂɊ????邱?Ƃ??ł???
?A???}?̎??i????邽?߂ɃX?N?[???ɒʂ????Ƃ́A?y?????o???ł??B?{?Ō??邾???łȂ??A???ۂ̍?????????Ȃ???A?܂????ۂɐl?Ƀg???[?g?????g?????Ȃ???w??ł????ߒ??́A?????ƐS??????鎞?ԂɂȂ?ł??傤?B
???ۂɐ??????g???Ȃ???A?܂??l?̔??ɐG??Ȃ???????邱?ƂŁA????ł͊w?ׂȂ????????H?I?Ȓm?????g?ɂ??܂??B???ɏ?ʎ??i???Ƃ邱?Ƃ͈ꐶ???̂̒m???邱?Ƃɂ??Ȃ???܂??B
?X?N?[?????߂??ɂȂ??Ƃ????l?ł??A?ʐM?u???Ŋw?ԂƂ??????@??????܂??B?ʐM?u???ł́A?e?L?X?g?̑??ɃA???}?I?C????d?C???A???}?|?b?g?A???艻?ϕi?????O?b?Y?Ȃǂ??Z?b?g?ő????Ă?????̂?????܂??B
?????̍u???ł́A?͂??????̓????炷???ɃA???}??̊??ł??܂??B
?A???}?e???s?[?͂ƂĂ??????[???̂ŁA?m??Βm??قǏ?ʂ̎??i???Ƃ肽???Ȃ?l???????ł??傤?B
?v???C?x?[?g???[?????????̂ɂł???
?A???}?̒m???𗘗p???āA??????Ƒ??̃X?g???X?????ȂǓ?????̃w???X?P?A?ɖ𗧂Ă邱?Ƃ??ł??܂??B?܂??A??????ȊO?ɂ??E????̉??P?ɃA???}?e???s?[???????ꂽ?????ɂ??A???}???i?͂??????߂ł??B
????ɁA?A???}?̒m?????????ꂽ?A???}?N???t?g??????āA?Ƒ???F?l?A?????Ȃǂւ?????Ƃ????v???[???g?𑗂邱?Ƃ??ł??܂??B
?A???}???ƒ??E??Ȃǂ??????ʂɎ?????邱?ƂŁA????[?܂?????A?ǍD?Ȑl?ԊW???z?????肷?郁???b?g??????܂??B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
?A???}???i?̂??????ߕ????@
?Ɗw?ł??A???}?̎??i???擾?ł???H
?Ɗw?ŃA???}?̎??i???擾????̂͂????????????܂???B
???̗??R?̈?Ƃ??ẮA???i?ɂ???Ă͎w??̃X?N?[???̍u??????u???Ȃ??Ǝ??i???????Ȃ????̂????邩??ł??B?擾?????????i???Ɗw?ł??ł?????̂????炩???ߊm?F???Ă????܂??傤?B
??????̗??R?Ƃ??Ă͎??Z?????Ƃ??Đ????̚k????????A?I?C???g???[?g?????g?̎{?p???o?肳??邩??ł??B?Ɗw?̏ꍇ?A???g?Ŏ????ł???e?L?X?g?⎎???ɗp????????̂Ɠ?????????p?ӂł??邩?Ȃǂ̉ۑ肪????????܂??B
????x?ŒP?ɃA???}?̒m????₤?悤?Ȏ????ł???A?Ɗw?ł????i??ڎw???邩??????܂???ˁB
?ʐM?u?????l?C
?????Ȃ????Ǝ??E?玙?̍??Ԃɕ????ăA???}?̎??i????肽???Ƃ??????ɂ͒ʐM?u?????l?C?ł??B?w?Ԃׂ??|?C???g???܂Ƃ߂?ꂽ?e?L?X?g?ƁA?????ɕK?v?Ȑ????Ȃǂ??????Ă??܂??̂ŁA???O?Ɏ????ʼn????ׂ????ď????𐮂????Ԃ??Ȃ??܂??B
?܂??A?ʐM?u???͒Z???ԂŎ??i???擾?ł???҂??????A?ŒZ??1?????قǂŎ??鎑?i??????܂??̂ŁA?Ȃ?ׂ??????A???}?̎d?????????????⎩???Ŋy???ޒ??x?ɃA???}????????????ɂ????????߂ł??B
????????w?т????ꍇ?̓X?N?[???ցI
??葽???̃A???}?̍?????o??????C???X?g???N?^?[????g???[?g?????g?Z?p???K???????????͒ʊw?̃X?N?[???????????߂ł??B
?A???}???i?̂Ȃ??ɂ̓X?N?[???ɒʊw?????ăJ???L?????????C?????邱?Ƃ????i?̏????ɂȂ??Ă?????̂????邽?߁A?X?N?[???ɒʂ??Ċw?Ԑl?????????܂??B
?ʊw?̃X?N?[???̏ꍇ?A?X?N?[???̊J?u?X?P?W???[???ɍ??킹?Ēʊw???邱?ƂɂȂ?̂ŁA?X?P?W???[?????????K?v?ł??B?????g???ʂ???j???E???ԑтɊw?т????u?????J?u???Ă??邩?A?p???t???b?g?Ȃǂ????????????Ċm?F???Ă????܂??傤?B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
?A???}?X?N?[???̑I?ѕ?
?????ɍ??????X?N?[???I?т??A?厖?ȗv?f?ł?
?A???}???i?̎?ނɂ??ĉ???????Ă??܂??????A???ۂɎ??i???擾?????邽?߂ɂ́A?X?N?[???ʊw?????????Ȃ???Ȃ?܂???B
???͎擾???鎑?i?I?т??厖?ł????A?X?N?[???I?т͂???ɑ厖?Ȃ̂ł??I
?Ƃ????̂??A???????i?̔F??Z?ł??A???Ɠ??e??u?t?Ȃǂɂ???āA???\????????ƌ????Ă??邩??ł??B???s???Ȃ??X?N?[???I?т????邽?߂ɂ??A?ŏ?????ʂ??X?N?[??????肹???A???낢??ƌ??????邱?Ƃ????????߂??܂??B
?A???}???????̂??߂ɖ𗧂Ă????ƍl????l?ł??A?A???}?̎d???????????ƍl????l?ł??A?܂??͑̌??????ł??????̂ň?x?X?N?[???ɍs???Ă݂?̂????????߂ł??B???̂????ŁA???????ǂ?Ȃ??ƂɃA???}??𗧂Ă????̂????l???ăX?N?[???̎?ނ?I?ԂƂ悢?̂ł͂Ȃ??ł??傤???B
?̌??????ɂ́A???ϐ???N???[????????Ď????ċA?邱?Ƃ??ł??郏?[?N?V???b?v?̂悤?Ȃ??̂???A?{?f?B?}?b?T?[?W???o?????Ĉ???ŔF??????炦??悤?Ȃ??̂܂ő???????܂??B
?A???}?X?N?[???ꗗ
??????X?N?[???̒????炨?????߂̃X?N?[?????s?b?N?A?b?v???܂????I?e?X?N?[???̃p???t???b?g?̐??????ł???̂ŁA?????????ȃX?N?[?????????Ă݂Ă????????B
?A???}?X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
???????߂̃A???}?X?N?[??
???R?Ö@?̍??ۑ????w?@?@IMSI
?C?O?̃A???}???i?擾???l???Ă?????ɂ??????߂??????\?Q???̃X?N?[???ł??B???ێ??iIFPA???n?߂Ƃ??āA???R?Ö@?Ɋւ???u?????Z???s?X?g?????ɊJ?u???Ă??܂??B??ʂ̕??????łȂ??A??ÊW?҂̎?u?????????X?N?[???ł??B
???݂́A?l?X?ȍu????W?J???Ă??܂????A???Ƃ̓A???}???X?N?[???Ƃ??đn?Ƃ??Ă???A???ɗ͂?????Ă???l?C?u???̂悤?ł??B
???̃X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
???f?B?b?N?X?E?{?f?B?o?????X?A?J?f?~?[
???q?l?̗v?]?ɕ??L???Ή??ł???v???t?F?b?V???i???̃Z???s?X?g??{??????X?N?[???ł??B
?A???}?e???s?[?A???t???N?\???W?[?A?o?????X???́A?I?C???P?A?[?ȂǕ??L???w?Ԃ??Ƃŗl?X?Ȃ??q?l?ɑΉ?????m???E?Z?p???g?ɂ??܂??B
?????͓????s?S?̌䒃?m???ŁA??ʃA?N?Z?X?????Q?ł??B
???̃X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
???̃X?N?[???̌???HP
Utataneya?????N?[?[?V?????J???b?W
Utataneya?????N?[?[?V?????J???b?W?́A???ɋ??????\???郊???N?[?[?V?????X?N?[???ł??B
????܂ł?1,200???ȏ?̑??Ɛ???y?o???A?????̊J?Ǝ҂ݏo?????Ǝ??̃J???L???????Ƒ??Ɛ??̃T?|?[?g??????̂ŁA???S?҂ł??????Ȃ??w?ׂ܂??I
???̃X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
???̃X?N?[???̌???HP??
?A???}?X?N?[???????@?[??
?A???}?X?N?[???????@?[???́A???????u??ɐE?v???d???????A?֓??G???A?Ől?C?̃X?N?[???ł??B?r?܁A????A?V?h?A???l?A?D???ɋ??_??????܂??B?w???????i???擾???Ă???ŏI???ł͂Ȃ??A???̖??̎????Ɏ???܂ŁA???܂ł??\?Ȍ???̃T?|?[?g???????Ă??????????B?x?Ƃ??????j?̂??ƁA?A?E??J?Ƃɖ𗧂??Ƃ?W?J???Ă??܂??B?A???}?T???????^?c???Ă???Ƃ?????????ł??B
???̃X?N?[???̍u???ꗗ
?A???}???i ?ړI?ʊ֘A?L???Љ?
?A???}?̎??i?A?d???ɂ??Ă????Əڂ????m?肽?????̂??߂ɁA?ړI?ʂɋL?????Љ?܂??B
?A???}?̍u???I?тȂ?
BrushUP?w??
BrushUP?w?т̓A???}???i?𒆐S?ɁA?Z???s?X?g??ڎw???????ʂ??A?????n?X?N?[???Ȃǂ̏????܂Ƃ߂??T?C?g?ł??B?ň??E?ŒZ?u?????G???A???Ƃɂ܂Ƃ߂Ĕ?r?ł???̂ŁA???Ɍ??₷???ł??B
?A???}?̎????????͂????炩??
