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Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 21:16:16 GMT
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Recent Articles
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Case Report
A Missed Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome Diagnosis Resulting in Coronary Complications
Milad Sulaiman*
,
Heba Ghazy,
Yara Sulaiman,
Alena Sulaiman,
Salwa Gendi
American Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025Pages: 231-236Published: 28 November 2025Abstract: Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory vasculitis that primarily affects children under 5 years of age. Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome (KDSS) is a rare complication characterized by hypotension and shock. Despite being the leading cause of heart disease in developed countries, diagnosing KD is challenging due to the lack of specific pathognomonic tests. Delayed treatment can increase the risk of long-term coronary artery abnormalities in up to 25% of patients. Case presentation: A 31-month-old boy initially presented with fever, lymphadenopathy, and pharyngeal congestion. The patient was treated with antibiotics due to positive Mycoplasma IgM and elevated inflammatory markers. Despite treatment, the patient a widespread rash, ulcers, lip peeling, and orbital swelling. The patient was transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a second hospital as a case of suspected septic shock. The patient received Intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids without a diagnosis of KD. It was not until the 23rd day of illness that KD was diagnosed, and the absence of timely diagnosis resulted in aneurysmal dilation of all major coronary arteries with aneurysmal fusiform formation. Conclusion: The case highlights the importance of early recognition and diagnosis of KD and KDSS, recommending multidisciplinary evaluation. Clinicians should consider atypical KD in children who are unresponsive to antibiotics and have persistent fever. Positive infectious serology does not exclude the diagnosis of KD. In the absence of echocardiographic markers, early treatment should be prioritized to prevent long-term cardiac damage. Abstract: Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory vasculitis that primarily affects children under 5 years of age. Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome (KDSS) is a rare complication characterized by hypotension and shock. Despite being the leading cause of heart disease in developed countries, diagnosing KD is challenging due to the lack of specific pathognomonic tests. Delayed treatment can increase the risk of long-term coronary artery abnormalities in up to 25% of patients. Case presentation: A 31-month-old ... Show More -
Review Article
Boon Tiong Chua*
,
Kali Prasad Nepal
American Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 13, Issue 6, December 2025Pages: 329-349Published: 9 December 2025Abstract: The design of heavy-duty flexible pavements for highways is well-established in the United States, Europe, and Australia. However, a standardised design methodology for extra heavy-duty flexible pavements–specifically tailored for ports and intermodal container terminals–remains lacking. These pavements present unique challenges due to significant variations in several load repetitions, load magnitudes, long-term static loads, tyre pressures, wheel and axle configurations, and loading characteristics, with axle loads reaching up to 120 tonnes. Existing design methods are often influenced by industry interests, such as concrete interlocking pavers, concrete, and asphalt, leaving pavement practitioners with limited tools to optimise designs for the extreme load conditions encountered over the pavement’s design life. Traditionally, extra heavy-duty pavements are considered high-risk areas due to their high failure rates and the substantial costs associated with such failures. This study provides a comprehensive review of existing design methodologies and software available internationally, critically compares these methods, and discusses other critical considerations to mitigate the risks of extra heavy-duty pavement failure. The literature review reveals that the development of develop unified design guidelines for extra heavy-duty flexible pavements intended to withstand severe axle loads up to 120 tonnes or more would require further research in this area. Abstract: The design of heavy-duty flexible pavements for highways is well-established in the United States, Europe, and Australia. However, a standardised design methodology for extra heavy-duty flexible pavements–specifically tailored for ports and intermodal container terminals–remains lacking. These pavements present unique challenges due to significant variations in several load repetitions, load magnitudes, long-term static loads, tyre pressures, wheel and axle configurations, and loading characteristics, with axle loa... Show More -
Review Article
Pediatric Wound Dressings Overview and Considerations for Management
Brian Heath Odom
,
Charlotte Yates*,
Leah Lowe
American Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2025Pages: 237-243Published: 17 December 2025Abstract: Clinical decision-making in pediatric wound care has unique challenges due to limited research, complex terminology, and the large number of available wound products. These challenges are particularly evident in the neonatal and infant populations, whose skin physiology differs considerably from that of adults. These physiological differences include less cohesiveness at the epidermal-dermal junction and overall structural immaturity, resulting in increased permeability, an increased susceptibility to mechanical injury, along with being thinner as compared to adult skin. The common practice of adopting adult wound care practice standards to serve pediatric patients with wounds remains evident and the need for product evaluation and evidence-based guidelines specific to these populations is clear. This review aims to support clinicians making safer, age-appropriate dressing decisions by addressing this paucity of pediatric-specific standards by examining some current wound care dressings and products used in the pediatric and neonatal populations, while also providing clinical expertise that emphasizes the importance of developmental considerations for dressing selection. This review will also explore some current research on products that are used for treatment on common pediatric injuries such as burns, diaper dermatitis, extravasation injuries, and pressure injuries from medical devices. This overview reinforces the need for more specific research, product review, and evidence-based guidelines to support safe, effective, and developmentally appropriate wound care products for neonatal and pediatric patients. Abstract: Clinical decision-making in pediatric wound care has unique challenges due to limited research, complex terminology, and the large number of available wound products. These challenges are particularly evident in the neonatal and infant populations, whose skin physiology differs considerably from that of adults. These physiological differences include less cohesiveness at the epidermal-dermal junction and overall structural immaturity, resulting in increased permeability, an increased susceptibility to mechanical in... Show More -
Research Article
Iñaki Mayo Fajo*
,
Antonio Macías Lloret
International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 11, Issue 2, December 2025Pages: 82-88Published: 17 December 2025Abstract: Bone grafting before dental implants are placed is one of the most common procedures nowadays in dentistry. The reality is that CBCT and also CAD-CAM technology have changed all what has to be related to it. Customized titanium meshes (CTMs) have become a reliable option for guided bone regeneration (GBR), allowing precise anatomical reconstruction of alveolar defects through CAD/CAM technology. Their rigidity, biocompatibility, and design flexibility provide superior mechanical stability and soft-tissue management compared with conventional collagen membranes or PTR membranes. This review analyzes the biological, technical, and clinical advantages of CTMs, summarizing current evidence on their predictability, technical considerations, and limitations. Additionally, it explores the role of digital planning and 3D printing in optimizing surgical outcomes, minimizing intraoperative adjustments, and improving patient-specific adaptation. CTMs have demonstrated high success rates in maintaining space for bone regeneration, reducing complications such as mesh exposure, and achieving satisfactory aesthetic and functional results. The review also discusses potential complications, handling protocols, and long-term clinical follow-up. Furthermore, it presents two cases in which Element® Customized Ti-Meshes were used, showing excellent integration and bone volume stability. After successful osteointegration of the bone graft, dental implants were placed, achieving predictable and stable restorative outcomes. Abstract: Bone grafting before dental implants are placed is one of the most common procedures nowadays in dentistry. The reality is that CBCT and also CAD-CAM technology have changed all what has to be related to it. Customized titanium meshes (CTMs) have become a reliable option for guided bone regeneration (GBR), allowing precise anatomical reconstruction of alveolar defects through CAD/CAM technology. Their rigidity, biocompatibility, and design flexibility provide superior mechanical stability and soft-tissue management... Show More -
Research Article
An Alternate Formulation for Computing/Validating the Shannon Entropy of Probability Distributions
Parthasarathy Srinivasan*
American Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2025Pages: 145-150Published: 24 December 2025Abstract: One of the most pervasive applications in Computing, is the generation of Random numbers, which belong to a certain probability distribution such as a Gaussian (normal) distribution. These probability distributions possess statistical properties such as expected values (mean), variance (standard deviation), p-value, Entropy etc.; out of which Entropy is significant, for quantifying the amount of (useful) information, that a particular instance of a distribution embodies. This quantification of Entropy is of value as a characterizing metric, which determines the amount of randomness/uncertainty and/or redundancy that can be achieved using a particular distribution instance. This is particularly useful for communication, cryptographic and astronomical applications in this day and age. In the present work the Author introduces an alternate way to calculate the approximate value of the Information Entropy (with a variation to the formulation of Information Entropy by Claude Shannon, as known by the scientific community); by observing that a Takens embedding of the probability distribution yields a simple measure of the Entropy; by taking into consideration only four critical/representative points of the embedding. By comparative experimentation, the Author has been able to empirically verify that this alternate formulation is consistently valid: The baseline experiment chosen relates to Discrete Task Oriented Joint Source Channel Coding (DT-JSCC) which utilizes entropy computation to perform efficient and reliable task oriented communication (transmission and reception) as will be elaborated further. The author performed the comparison by employing the Shannon formulation for Entropy computation in the baseline DT-JSCC experiment and then repeating the experiment by employing the Entropy formulation, introduced in this work. Eventually, the accuracy of results obtained (data models generated) were almost identical (differing in accuracy by only ~ 1% overall). Thus, the alternate formulation introduced in this work, provides a reliable means of validating the random numbers obtained from the Shannon formulation and also potentially serves as a simpler, faster, and more computationally optimal method. This is particularly useful in applications, where there is a constraint on the computational resources available, such as mobile and limited devices. The method is also useful as a way of uniquely identifying and characterizing Random probability sources, such as those from astronomical and/or optical (photonic) phenomenon. The author also investigates the impact of incorporating the above notion of Entropy into the Mars Rover IER software and confirms the conclusions in the original article from Jet Propulsion Laboratories, NASA, which describes the ICER Progressive Wavelet Image Compressor. Abstract: One of the most pervasive applications in Computing, is the generation of Random numbers, which belong to a certain probability distribution such as a Gaussian (normal) distribution. These probability distributions possess statistical properties such as expected values (mean), variance (standard deviation), p-value, Entropy etc.; out of which Entropy is significant, for quantifying the amount of (useful) information, that a particular instance of a distribution embodies. This quantification of Entropy is of value a... Show More
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