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New ideas for Europe’s relations with China, Russia, and beyond
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Highlights
Featured
Five steps to stop Greenland’s annexation destroying the EU
- José Ignacio Torreblanca
- Commentary
- 4 minute read
The US president is hell-bent on owning Greenland. Annexation could destroy not only NATO but the EU, if European leaders do not resolutely act
Arctic hold‘em: Ten European cards in Greenland
- Jana Kobzova, Mark Leonard, Jim O’Brien, Jana Puglierin, Jeremy Shapiro, Vessela Tcherneva, Katrine Westgaard
- Commentary
- 10 minute read
Europeans have real leverage in the face of Donald Trump’s threats towards Greenland—and time on their side. They must use it to raise the prospective costs of annexation
How Trump is making China great again—and what it means for Europe
- Timothy Garton Ash, Ivan Krastev, Mark Leonard
- Policy Brief
A post-Western world is learning to love China, while Europeans are starting to fear America
The green great game: Crafting an EU-Central Asia energy alliance
- Szymon Kardaś
- Policy Brief
With the difficult post-Soviet years behind it, Central Asia is becoming more integrated and actively seeking partnerships beyond Russia and China
Upcoming events
Recent events
16
Jan
Europe Debates | Russia won’t attack NATO
- Online · ECFR Berlin
15
Jan
Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes
Live from Davos with Alexander Stubb
- Podcast
- Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes
In this episode, Mark Leonard sits down with Finnish president, Alexander Stubb, in Davos for a conversation about Donald Trump’s view of Ukraine, Greenland, the world and Europe’s place in it. They explore the clash between advocates of…
ECFR on air
Trust, anger and the limits of EU democracy promotion
- Podcast
- ECFR on air
- The Neighbourhood
Jessica Hendrick is joined by Morten Bøås to go inside RE-ENGAGE’s fieldwork across six EU candidate countries—revealing what citizens actually trust, why anger matters more than apathy and what Brussels keeps getting wrong about democracy promotion
Views from the Council
Trump strikes Venezuela: Three conclusions for Europe
- Carl Bildt
- Commentary
- View from the Council
- 3 minute read
Trump’s military action in Venezuela highlights America’s hemispheric turn, its disregard for international law and the president’s growing reliance on force. Europe faces tough choices to defend its interests
Only Europe can save Ukraine from Putin and Trump—but will it?
- Timothy Garton Ash
- Commentary
- View from the Council
- 4 minute read
Whether using frozen Russian assets, ramping up defence production or deepening the relationship with the EU, it is up to us to secure Ukraine’s future—and our own
In the Media - Council
Timothy Garton Ash on Trump’s threat to seize Greenland by military force and the necessity for a new internationalism
Carl Bildt on the Trump’s obsession with the Western Hemisphere and his willingness to assert power over Greenland
Carl Bildt on the seriousness of the US’s threat against Greenland and the necessity for Europe to arm itself
Featured and flagship projects
The Data Collection
Explore our open-access data platform for unparalleled access to ECFR’s public opinion polls—empowering research and insight on today’s key foreign policy issues.
Featured
Transatlantic twilight: European public opinion and the long shadow of Trump
- Jana Puglierin, Arturo Varvelli, Pawel Zerka
Re:Engage
This project helps the EU in refining its foreign policy, re-engaging neighbours post-Russia's invasion of Ukraine to bolster regional resilience and advance enlargement policies.
Featured
The interest of values: The EU’s democracy promotion in the Western Balkans and the eastern neighbourhood
- Piotr Buras, Marie Dumoulin, Tefta Kelmendi, Marlene Marx
Re:Order
Re:Order project explores emerging visions of the global order, as well as the interplay between economic might and geopolitical influence.
Featured
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Keep ice cool: How Europeans should respond to Trump’s Greenland tariff threats
- Agathe Demarais
- Commentary
- 2 minute read
Rather than panicking or posturing, European leaders should prioritise EU unity, pinpoint their leverage and consider buying time
EU-Mercosur deal: Take the win, but change the tune
- Janka Oertel
- Commentary
- 3 minute read
With the EU-Mercosur deal signed after 25 years of negotiations, free trade advocates in Europe may feel triumphant. But their narrative is no longer convincing. As China undercuts industry worldwide, it’s time to refresh the open market story
Putin’s longest war: Calling time on Russia’s endurance myth
- Jana Kobzova, Leo Litra
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
Vladimir Putin’s war in Ukraine has now lasted longer than the Soviet Union’s fight against Nazi Germany, with incomparably smaller gains. The West should stop buying into Moscow’s bluff that Russia is invincible; instead, it should use the Kremlin’s weaknesses and double down on its support for Ukraine to bring about real negotiations to end the war
From partners to rivals: What the Saudi-UAE rupture means for Europeans
- Cinzia Bianco
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
Saudi Arabia and the UAE are experiencing a fracture in their diplomatic relationship. Europeans need to understand the potential impact on their economic and political interests
Policy alert
Global aid after Trump’s exit: How Europe can lead reform and head off Russia and China
- Nele Anders
- Policy Alert
- 2 minute read
President Donald Trump’s withdrawal of the US from international organisations presents an opportunity to Europe to lead on global aid reform
Why Europeans should DARE* to make New Year’s resolutions
- Janka Oertel, Nina Schmelzer
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
As 2026 begins with a bang, Europeans are well-advised to reframe de-risking as re-engagement, unleash the single energy market and focus on electrification
Our experts are available for media requests. Our work involves many issues relating to Europe and foreign policy, and our programmes focus on Africa, Asia, the Middle East & North Africa, and Wider Europe.
All our experts
Newsroom
Julien Barnes-Dacey on Trump’s intention to expand the Board of Peace into a global conflict-mediating body that bypasses the UN
Mark Leonard, Timothy Garton Ash and Ivan Krastev on the polling results showing a shift in the EU’s view of America as an ally
Mark Leonard, Timothy Garton Ash and Ivan Krastev on Trump making China great again
According to latest ECFR poll 57% of Europeans see the US as a necessary partner
ECFR polls show that only 16% of Europeans consider the US an ally
More on Africa
Middle power dreaming: The geopolitics of Angola’s emergence
- Alex Vines
- Policy Brief
Angola is increasingly active in the world. Here is how Europeans can cooperate with this rising middle power
Caught in the Corridor: Angola, Europe and America
- Alex Vines
- Commentary
- 4 minute read
When the army comes knocking: Benin’s failed coup and West African instability
- Suzanne Tisserand
- Policy Alert
- 2 minute read
More on Asia
The Taiwan test: Why Europe should help deter China
- Estelle Huang
- Policy Brief
China’s military capabilities are growing and its actions in Europe are becoming more disruptive. The EU should support Taiwan with dual-use technologies and defence cooperation to send a clear signal to Beijing
Clumsy ships, big risks: China’s evolving maritime playbook
- Estelle Huang
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
Managing a rivalry: The latest Japan-China escalation and what Europe can do
- Elli-Katharina Pohlkamp
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
More on European Power
Get over your X: A European plan to escape American technology
- Giorgos Verdi
- Policy Brief
Foreign technology companies cannot be entrusted with meeting Europe’s growing digital needs. This includes American big tech firms. Here’s what Europeans should do
Seven things to know about the EU’s €90bn loan to Ukraine
- Agathe Demarais
- Commentary
- 4 minute read
Why Trump’s National Security Strategy is a geoeconomic trap for Europe
- Célia Belin, Majda Ruge
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
More on European Security
Accelerate the accessions: Why faster is better in EU enlargement policy
- Engjellushe Morina
- Policy Brief
The Ukraine war has revived EU enlargement for Albania, Moldova, Montenegro and Ukraine, but they face obstacles. Accelerating membership for these frontrunners would unlock the process before rivals can take advantage
Peace with teeth: What Britain and France’s troop commitment means for Ukraine
- Leo Litra
- Policy Alert
- 2 minute read
Decision time for Europe
- Mark Leonard
- Commentary
- 3 minute read
More on Middle East and North Africa
Averting West Bank collapse: How to revive Palestinian politics
- Hugh Lovatt, Tahani Mustafa
- Policy Brief
Hollowed out by violent Israeli control and Mahmoud Abbas’s personal rule, the Palestinian Authority is losing its grip on the West Bank. European and Arab states must intervene to rebuild legitimate governance and keep Palestinian self-determination alive
Taming Trump’s Gaza plan: A European-Arab initiative for lasting peace
- Beth Oppenheim
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
Trump’s AI thaw: How Europe and the Gulf can protect against American and Chinese tech pressure
- Cinzia Bianco, Herman Quarles van Ufford
- Commentary
- 5 minute read
More on United States
The bear in the Baltics: Reassessing the Russian threat in Estonia
- Jennifer Kavanagh, Jeremy Shapiro
- Policy Brief
While Estonia’s geography makes it vulnerable to a Russian invasion, it is also protected due to weakened Russian capabilities, stronger European defence cooperation and its own preparedness. NATO’s European members should be reassured but not complacent
Decision time for Europe
- Mark Leonard
- Commentary
- 3 minute read
Venezuela, Trump’s “Donroe Doctrine” and three dilemmas facing Europe
- Aslı Aydıntaşbaş, Chris Herrmann
- Commentary
- 2 minute read
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