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Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week
SV-POW! … All sauropod vertebrae, except when we're talking about Open Access. ISSN 3033-3695
What this site is
Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week, or SV-POW! for short, was first conceived as a sort of joke response to the excellent Astronomy Picture of the Day. But before long, it became apparent to us that SV-POW! had legs of its own, and that there really was an almost infinite amount of material we could cover. We originally intended each post to be super-short, basically just an image and a caption, but that’s not at all how it’s turned out.
SV-POW! is now effectively an online publication with (at the time of writing) seventeen years of open-access scholarly and journalistic content, along with the more frivolous entries. It is published by Michael P. Taylor in the United Kingdom.
Read what people are saying about SV-POW!.
Who we are
Three of us write this site:
Mike is a research associate at the University of Bristol, UK, Matt works at Western University of Health Sciences, California, USA, and Darren at the University of Southampton, UK. Note that WE DO NOT SPEAK FOR OUR INSTITUTIONS ON THIS BLOG, ONLY FOR OURSELVES.
From left to right: Darren Naish, Matt Wedel, Mike Taylor, and the right humerus of Cetiosaurus oxoniensis. Mike’s T-shirt shows posterior dorsal vertebrae of the still-undescribed titanosauriform NHMUK PV R5937.
Darren is an omnivore, and works on pretty much every group of tetrapods: in the past few years he’s published on sauropods, theropods, ornithischians, sloths, birds, ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, turtles, all sorts of critters. Matt and especially Mike are a bit more focussed: Matt works on sauropods and, to a lesser extent, theropods including birds, especially in relation to skeletal pneumaticity; Mike works on partial mid-to-posterior dorsal vertebrae of sauropods. We frequently collaborate with each other and with other authors on a whole range of topics, from nomenclature to neck posture.
All three of us are working paleontologists and occasionally, against all odds, we get new papers out. Many of our papers were published before we started SV-POW!, and you can find out about them at the links above. As new papers come out, we’re writing about them here — see this page for an overview.
Why we do this
Although it’s not yet widely recognised, SV-POW! is the future of the Internet. Yes, I (Mike) am serious. It’s nice that companies like Amazon and E-Bay are out there, using the net for useful commercial purposes, but what it’s really about is facilitating small, super-focused groups of people with a shared interest … whether that’s sauropod vertebrae, 14th Century French pottery, the history of biscuits, whatever. I’d love to see more special-interest palaeo-blogs around: Ornithopod Manual Phalanx Picture of the Week, for example, or Basal Tyrannosaurid Metatarsal Picture of the Week.
Does writing this blog “count” in terms of academic credit? When we started writing it, in 2007, the answer was a clear no. Five years later, in 2012, I wrote that it was not so easy to judge. Writing now in 2024, it’s a pretty clear yes: lots of SV-POW! posts have been cited in many difference scholarly journals.
No-fossil-ID policy
From time to time, someone asks us to identity a fossil vertebra. As a matter of policy, we don’t do this, because we don’t know who might be a fossil dealer planning to sell scientifically important vertebrate material into private hands. Rather than giving offence by making a judgement on each individual case, it’s simpler for us to have a blanket policy. We just can’t risk having fossils turning up on eBay with the seller claiming “identified by Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week”. Thanks for understanding.
What you should do instead: First, no matter who you contact, be explicit about who owns the fossil and whether you intend to deposit it in a museum. Don’t be afraid to say that you own the fossil if you came by it legally; there are loads of ways to legally come into ownership of a fossil and, for better or worse, in the US the property laws are almost all on your side. But also do not be surprised if a paleontologist refuses to identify a privately-held fossil; from our perspective, such fossils are lost to science and any time we spend on them is time we can’t spend writing up material held in the public trust. Second, get thee to a museum.* Most natural history museums have some kind of procedure in place for dealing with situations like this, whether it’s a “bring in your fossil” day or farming the work out to grad students who need practice at fossil identification. Try to get an ID from someone who has seen the fossil in person–identifications based on photographs are notoriously dodgy. Third, if it is a fossil that you own, and it turns out to be something important, please consider donating it to a properly accredited museum so that everyone can benefit from it.
* That was a rhetorical flourish–do call ahead or email first.
Copyright and license
All contributions on this blog are copyright their respective authors, except where noted. (An important and recuring exception is that all photographs of fossils held by the Natural History Museum in London are copyright the museum.)
All original content on this blog is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (details below), which basically means you can do whatever you want with it provided only that you credit the authors.
Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week by Mike Taylor, Matt Wedel, Darren Naish is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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- Van der Linden et al. (2025) on introduction to diplodocoids
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- Danison et al. (2024) on Saurophaganax/Allosaurus anax
- Atterholt et al (2024) on neural canal ridges in dinos
- Boisvert et al (2024) on Dry Mesa Haplocanthosaurus
- Wedel (2024) on sauropod bauplan and taphonomy
- King et al (2024) on pneumatic ribs in apatosaurs
- Windholz et al. (2024) on a pneumatic rebbachisaurid caudal
- Taylor and Wedel (2023) on pneumatic Brachiosaurus ribs
- Wedel and Taylor (2023) on bifurcated cervical ribs
- Lei et al (2023) on theropod-bitten Morrison sauropods
- Wedel and Atterholt (2023) on expanded neurocentral joints in sauropods
- Aureliano et al (2023) on pneumaticity in Macrocollum
- Taylor et al. (2023) on the Concrete Diplodocus of Vernal
- Aureliano et al (2022) on vertebrae of early saurischians
- Taylor and Wedel (2022) on vertebral orientation
- Smith, Rodgers, Dollé, and Wedel (2022) on nerve growth in big animals
- Vicki Wedel et al (2022) on dental cementum and age at death in humans
- Atterholt and Wedel (2022) on paramedullary diverticula in birds
- Woodruff et al. (2022) on respiratory infection in a sauropod
- Taylor (2022) on incomplete necks
- Aureliano et al. (2021) on saltasaur pneumaticity
- Kay, Estes, and Wedel (2021) on variation in the peroneus tertius muscle (PT)
- Amedeo et al (2021) on variation in human leg muscles
- Wedel et al. (2021) on expanded neural canals in the Snowmass Haplocanthosaurus
- Taylor and Wedel (2021) on pneumatic variation
- Staples et al (2019) on long cutaneous branches of the obturator nerve in humans
- Taylor (2018) on Xenoposeidon as a rebbachisaurid
- Taylor and Wedel (2016) on the neck of Barosaurus
- Hallett and Wedel (2016), The Sauropod Dinosaurs: Life in the Age of Giants
- Ansolabehere et al. (2016) on moral dimensions of open
- Hone, Farke, and Wedel (2016) on dinosaur ontogenetic stages
- Taylor (2016) on evaluating research
- Wedel et al. on apatosaur neck combat
- Upchurch, Mannion and Taylor (2015) on Haestasaurus becklesii
- Kraatz, Sherratt, Bumacod, and Wedel (2015) on rabbit skulls
- Taylor (2014) on quantifying neck cartilage
- Foster and Wedel (2014) on the Snowmass Haplocanthosaurus
- Farke, Cifelli, Maxwell, and Wedel (2014) on Aquilops
- Penera et al (2014) on the perforating branch of the peroneal artery
- Taylor (2014 for 2004) on dinosaur diversity
- Wedel and Taylor (2013b) on caudal pneumaticity
- Taylor and Wedel (2013b) on neck cartilage
- Wedel and Taylor (2013a) on sauropod neural spine bifurcation
- Taylor and Wedel (2013a) on sauropod neck anatomy
- Wedel (2012) on long nerves of sauropods
- Yates, Wedel, and Bonnan (2012) on prosauropod pneumaticity
- Taylor, Hone, Wedel and Naish (2011) on sexual selection of sauropod necks
- Taylor, Wedel and Cifelli (2011) on Brontomerus
- Taylor (2010) on the history of sauropod research
- Taylor (2009) on the inevitability of electronic publishing of nomenclatural acts
- Taylor (2009) on Brachiosaurus and Giraffatitan
- Taylor, Wedel and Naish (2009) on neck posture
- Upchurch, Martin, and Taylor (2009) on Cetiosaurus nomenclature
- Wedel (2009) on air sacs
- Taylor and Naish (2007) on Xenoposeidon
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Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week 
May 8, 2009 at 7:29 pm
Sauropod dining question
Hey everyone, I’ve checking out your site lately and it’s a goldmine!
I have a very probably dumb question, but it’s one I’ve never seen addressed. No matter what sauropds dined on, I have to wonder how they swallowed. I always hear about the blah blah gastroliths down in the guts, but I never hear about ideas about how they swallow the stuff in the first place. Their heads seem too small to accommodate the firehose sized salivary glands to move that dry sharp coniferous stuff down those lengthy necks.
The peg or spoon-like teeth which apparently just strip the branches also add to the swallowing puzzle. Like dumping a bowl of dry Wheaties down your throat without chewing and without being able to wash them down with water
They’re so giant it would seem they would have to continuously gorge to the extent that swallowing a big lump python-like and allowing it to gradually work it’s way down seems a bit awkward, too.
Have you folks written about the subject or can you direct me to any material relating to sauropod throats and swallowing?
Thanks! Love your site!
June 18, 2009 at 1:04 am
Hi Jack, sorry to take so embarrassingly long to get back to you on this.
I don’t know that anyone has addressed this in print, although it’s been the subject of a few bar conversations. It’s a great problem. I imagine many sauropods just drooled like fiends. Which is kinda odd, since it is usually the bloodthirsty theropods pictured with dripping jowls. It would have been a funny sight, watching a herd of sauropods slavering uncontrollably as they approached a stand of trees.
I have no idea how to test anything in this area. Someone else might, though.
June 18, 2009 at 2:51 am
The movie Tremors (or one of its sequels?) introduced the term graboids, multiple, prehensile tongues. Can anyone suggest a more plausible mechanism?
October 9, 2009 at 9:42 pm
Gravity! It’s an argument for keeping those necks vertical; or at least raising them occasionally well above horizontal.
Peristalsis might work too; isn’t it pretty well universal across zoology, for gastrointestinal tracts?
Maybe they ate mostly in the morning, when vegetation was wet with dew; or waited till it rained.
More fanciful explanations await, but I want to leave scope for other people’s ideas ;-)
March 1, 2010 at 3:10 am
A great website & font of information sauropod.
Quite probably the most silly question you’ve had.
It’s about about sauropod breathing. In looking at most sauropods the thing that always strikes me is that they have “tiny” nostrils and the air has a long way to go down the next to the lungs & then back out. Is there any decent soft structure fossil material that helps address sauropod breathing? Is this even a topic of interest?
Also, what kind of ear bones did sauropods have? Was it the standard reptilian one bone type?
Cheers,
Dean
March 1, 2010 at 10:18 am
Hi, Dean, thanks for the kind words.
Your question is not a silly one at all: sauropod breathing is a major focus of research, and indeed of discussion on this very site. While there’s no evidence of special adaptations in the nostrils (and I can’t really envisage what such adaptations would look like), there is very good reason to think that the sauropod ventilatory system resembled that of modern birds rather than reptiles — a complex system of multiple flexible air-sacs ventilating an inflexible lung by drawing air through it in only one direction. It’s a much more efficient system than mammals have, which is one reason birds can fly so high, to where oxygen is very sparse.
For more on this, look at the many SV-POW! posts on pneumaticity, and especially on air-sacs.
May 27, 2010 at 9:50 pm
[…] remember that back when I started to read The Silmarillion, it was largely on the recommendation of my co-blogger Matt Wedel, who had long ago written to me that “Actually, once the world is sung into existence it gets […]
September 23, 2010 at 2:58 pm
About the sauropod breathing, I expect you’ve probably already covered this somewhere, but I was wondering if that might have been a selective pressure on the cervical air sacs. It is a long neck, so is it possible that one breath brought the air into the cervical air sacs, the next through the lungs, then start the cycle back out? Birds take multiple breaths to get the air through their lungs and air sacs, this would just add another breath to that cycle, frontloading the lungs as it were.
What do you think? Am I way off base for some reason?
November 30, 2010 at 4:00 pm
No comment. Just a subscription request.
November 30, 2010 at 4:03 pm
Doug, the easiest way to subscribe to the site is by the RSS feed.
February 22, 2011 at 11:11 pm
Hi, Mike,
Your web site “sauropod vertebra” is very interesting. Herein, we are working in a local web about titanosaurs. I hope see you soon.
Bernardo
May 23, 2011 at 6:21 pm
Great Website..
January 21, 2012 at 5:48 pm
Darren Naish
Matt Wedel
Mike Taylor
Awesome reading!
Stumbled upon your site while researching sauropod weight estimates…as one does while watching the snow fall outside on a crisp Long Island day.
I have been reconstructing ancient life forms now for over 30 years and never seem to tire of it. I left the UK about 20 years ago after populating as many museums as I could with my work. ….Relocated back to the USA where I still continue to resurrect prehistory. My hats off to you three! It is always refreshing reading the hard work of other paleontologists. We stand on the shoulders of giants….so to speak!
If you are ever in need of proper reconstructions by all means contact me on robybraun@me.com or Tel: 631 374 5211.
cheers,
Roby
R.L.Braun
https://www.cycadpro.com
tel: 631 374 5211
robybraun@me.com
P.S: old website contact info is obsolete.
January 21, 2012 at 5:57 pm
Thanks, Roby! Glad we’re able to help.
December 15, 2012 at 5:45 pm
Great blog! I have bookmarked and plan to share with my friends soon :)
April 10, 2013 at 9:17 pm
I believe i’ve found an ancient vertabra.it has hole where spinal cord went through.inside 1 end of hole is an interesting reddish brown “stone”. let me know what you think i can send pic. thank you Steve.
April 13, 2013 at 10:00 pm
Hi, Steve. I’m afraid we can’t ID your fossil — see the No-fossil-ID policy section above. Thanks for understanding.
July 7, 2013 at 9:57 pm
[…] when we started SV-POW!, Mike predicted that the technical niche blog was the wave of the future. That prediction does seem to be coming […]
September 8, 2013 at 3:31 pm
Steve, are you sure it isnt a discarded donut?
December 10, 2013 at 10:52 am
Hey, interesting site, just stumbled upon it. Im from southern Oregon, USA, and was wondering if you guys were familiar with Prehistoric Gardens. Used to go there when I was a kid. Its about 10 miles south of Port Orford, Oregon. Here is a link to pictures on google of the place. best regards
https://www.google.com/search?q=prehistoric+gardens&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=bPGmUvr6LoH9oAT0n4GoCQ&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=649
December 10, 2013 at 10:58 am
‘fraid not — I’ve never been to Oregon at all, or anywhere in the northwest of the USA. Looks like a fun park, though.
January 9, 2015 at 12:30 am
Ah Cetisaurus, with poor reconstructions galore!
September 3, 2016 at 9:29 pm
[…] Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week (SV-POW!) is a fantastic blog that focuses on ancient animal species, including dinosaurs, and their fossils and general anatomical variation. Ran by palaeontologists Matt Wedel, Mike Taylor and Daren Naish, SV-POW! also covers a broad arrange of topics related to academia, research and scientific publishing, particularly in relation to copyright and public access to scientific literature. […]
September 26, 2016 at 8:05 pm
Hi Mike
Please do a self-check on your optimism and edit the section “Why do we do this” on this “About” post. Just one year to go (2016 now) and blogging still “does not count” (at all?) for academic merit.
Anyway, your writings, rants, comments et al. on open access et al. (sauropod vertebra I can live without… well, you know what I mean) DO COUNT for me [yeah, I know, that is a much more modest achievement…]. I have been reading for two years now but never said a word, so this is just to thank you.
And do keep on: maybe in 2022 evaluating peers will be more prone to value scientific communication rather than agreeing algorithms on journal’s IF by T-R©… or at least thay will be more conscious on the impact of their criteria on the kind of science thay are promoting… or on the transference of power and resources to commercial journals that the unidimensional evaluation implies… of course, if by 2022 they still exist (I mean, evaluating peers!)
September 26, 2016 at 8:31 pm
Thank you, Fair Miles, it’s always encouraging to get messages like yours. I like to imagine that there are other appreciative lurkers, but it’s good to know it!
I think you’re right that I was over-optimistic on the schedule of blogging becoming of value for career purposes. But time will presumably fix that.
May 25, 2017 at 6:05 am
[…] can’t even blog the CC BY-SA images because everything we put on this blog is CC BY (except where noted by a handful of more restrictive museum image use policies), and it would more […]
October 17, 2021 at 9:44 am
Keep me informed about new posts. Thanks
October 17, 2021 at 9:46 am
George, check out the “Subscribe to Blog via Email” box down near the bottom of the right sidebar.