| CARVIEW |
Like many local authority housing blocks we have a recycling bin. We used to have three but two were taken away, with the result that the remaining one is permanently overflowing. I contacted Lewisham Council’s waste disposal team to point out the problem.
I was told that the other two bins were removed because wrong stuff, such as food scraps, was being put in them. I concede that this is a problem but still left me in the position that I have nowhere to put my recycling so it winds up in the general waste which I presume is not what they want. I therefore suggested that they issue me with my own recycling box, which I could put out on collection day.
I was told “we no longer issue those.”
Fucking marvelous.
]]>The reason for believing it to be a forgery is the fact that three independent tests have “concluded with 95% confidence that the shroud material dated to 1260–1390 AD”. So what does the Telegraph’s Science Correspondent have that might necessitate a rethink?
It would appear that:
… a new study claims that an earthquake in Jerusalem in 33AD may have not only created the image but may also have skewed the dating results.
The Italian team believes the powerful magnitude 8.2 earthquake would have been strong enough to release neutron particles from crushed rock.
This flood of neutrons may have imprinted an X-ray-like image onto the linen burial cloth, say the researchers.
In addition, the radiation emissions would have increased the level of carbon-14 isotopes in the Shroud, which would make it appear younger.
The story is based on this paper.
Let’s take this from the top.
First off, was there an earthquake? The Bible (Matthew27 verses 50 -54) says there was but there is no independent evidence that this occurred and in any event Matthew says that the earthquake was at the point of Christ’s death – ie when he was still on the cross and not wrapped in his burial shroud.
Second. Do earthquakes release neutrons? I cannot find any evidence that they do and frankly this does not surprise me. It is customary in the press to state that the energy release from an earthquake is x (where x is a large number) times that of the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima and we all know that released radiation so …
However, the energy release of that bomb was from about 60 kilograms of highly enriched uranium. The energy of an earthquake is spread through hundreds if not thousands of cubic kilometres of rock so the energy density is on the order of a trillionth of a nuclear explosion.
Third , if this neutron flux was sufficient to produce images on linen, how come everyone walking around Judea at the time did not have images of their genitals imprinted on their underwear? I’m sure that if it happened, the gospel writers and the Romans would have noted and commented on it.
Fourthly, while it is true that neutrons interact with N-14 to produce C-14 and protons, anomalous carbon isotope distribution would have occurred all over the region and I think archaeologists would have noticed such anomalous results by now.
So the earthquake would have to produce a tightly focussed neutron beam by some unexplained mechanism. Sounds more like a weapon out of Star Trek.
Frankly, speaking as an atheist, this all sounds somewhat less plausible than a divine miracle. The fact is, as stated above, the shroud’s image was created in Medieval times but if the choice is truly between “Goddidit” and this pseudoscientific clap-trap then I’ll go for God on the grounds of plausibility.
]]>The item opens by saying:
Using mouthwash is a ‘disaster’ for health, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes, scientists are warning.
Sounds pretty bad. Anybody reading beyond that scary first paragraph will learn that:
Professor Amrita Ahluwalia, who led the study, last night condemned the widespread use of antiseptic mouthwash.
She said: ‘Killing off all these bugs each day is a disaster, when small rises in blood pressure have significant impact on morbidity and mortality from heart disease and stroke.’
More than half of British adults regularly use mouthwash, creating a market worth £180 million a year.
The study compared blood pressure levels in 19 healthy volunteers who started using Corsodyl twice daily. Their blood pressure rose by between 2 and 3.5 units [mmHg].
The story is based on this and it quickly becomes clear that the situation is a little more complicated than the Mail on Sunday makes out.
The rise in blood pressure may not seem like much considering that ideally healthy blood pressure is in the range 90/60 to 120/80 mmHg systolic/diastolic but for sufferers of high blood pressure any increase can be dangerous.
This leads to the first point about the study; the participants are healthy individuals in their twenties. It might seem reasonable to assume that what applies to this group also applies to heart patients in their fifties but it is still an assumption that cannot be categorically stated as true without tests.
The study participants measured their daytime and night-time blood pressures and the changes over the study period are shown in graph form in figure 5 of the paper. It can be seen that while a few rise steeply, the majority change very little and some actually fall. General conclusions drawn from this small sample are starting to look a little tentative. Shaky, even.
Another problem with this study is that there is no placebo arm.
When a patient is given a placebo and allowed to believe that he has actually been given a real drug, his symptoms will often improve, and sometimes dramatically so, at least in the short term. So researchers need to compare their drug against the strong effects of a placebo before they can claim that the drug is really effective.
In other words, a second group of participants should have been given a placebo mouthwash and the differences in blood pressure changes (if any) between the two groups examined before any kind of meaningful conclusions can be drawn.
This work is not a trial, just a pilot study indicating a possible avenue of research and to be fair to the authors I do not think that they see it any other way:
It is important to appreciate the limitations of this work. In this study the application of the intervention was not randomized and not placebo controlled.
Unfortunately this subtle point has been missed by the press reporting which, as is all too often the case when the press cover medical and scientific matters, consists of a tiny kernel of truth wrapped in layers of hype and glossing over of nuance. Don’t dump your mouthwash just yet.
]]>It starts with a discussion of the genes involved in weight gain and how variations in the genes can effect weight loss. For example:
A group of obese, non-dibetic patients analysed before and three months after a lifestyle modification program consisting of hypocaloric diet (1520 kcal/day) and aerobic exercise three times per week … showed that carriers of the Thr54 allele (compared to the wild-type 54Ala/Ala homozygotes) failed to have a significant reduction in fat mass, LDL-chloresterol levels, and lepin levels
This is typical of how studies are reported – numbers are usually not given, nor frequently are explanations as to how confounding factors are allowed for. However, references are given. It might be a worthwhile long term project to track down and read all these references. The reference for the above study is ” deLuis DA, Aller R, Izaola O, Gonzalez Sagrado M and Cond R. Influence of ALA54THR Polymorphism of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2 on Lifestyle Modification Response in Obese Subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 50: 354-360, 2006″.
On the basis of this we are told that there are five major classes of phenotype “supported by at least five positive studies”.
A clinical study at Stanford University is cited as validation of the weight loss DNA test:
A clinical study was carried out to test the effectiveness of the Weight Loss DNA test. This Study was conducted by representatives of the laboratory and the prestigious Stanford University
These results were presented at a conference by Dr Mindy Dopler-Nelson (then a post-doc at Stanford, now an Assistant Professor at the University of Massachusetts) in March 2010.
The original study was of 311 women randomly assigned to one of four diets. They were asked to give DNA samples. Not all did so:
Among the women from the original study who agreed to provide DNA samples, 31 had been in the Atkins group, 32 in the Zone group, 34 in the LEARN group and 36 in the Ornish group
Dr Dopler-Nelson is quoted as acknowledging that this was a relatively small trial and the findings need to be confirmed in a larger trial.
In conclusion, BioClinics analysis of the research suggests (according to them) five phenotypes. The study said to validate the research covers 133 women on four diets and the presenter of this work reckons the results need to be confirmed. This all suggests that there is indeed a genetic basis for which weight-reducing diet might work best for the dieter but it is not conclusive and in any event hardly justifies claims in the press of diets and exercise regimes tailored to the individual’s DNA.
]]>There is so doubt that there is a genetic component to obesity and people with slower metabolisms will need a different regime to those with faster regimes. But tailored to your individual DNA? I smell woo, frankly. But fair’s fair, the article references Dr Nichola McChrystal of BioClinics (who do the tests for £125 for children and £195 for adults) so I decided to check it out a little further.
BioClinics turn out to be an outfit who undertake DNA, drug and alcohol tests though oddly I have been unable to find this particular test on their website. I have emailed them for clarification and will share any results.
In the mean time I decided to discuss this with the uusual suspects. One member posted this link concerning very similar claims made in South Africa in 2011. A complaint about adverts making such a claim had been submitted to the South African ASA and got a ruling that says in part:
There is nothing in the respondent’s submissions to verify that its test can pinpoint such genetic factors in the manner claimed, and apply these findings in such a personalised and specific manner to enable guaranteed weight loss, due to the personalised diet and exercise plan resulting from ones DNA, or genetic predisposition. In addition, the respondent did not submit any information as to why the Directorate should accept that any of the documentation submitted emanated from, or was evaluated and confirmed by an independent, credible, expert in the relevant field.
Accordingly, the claims in the advertisement are currently unsubstantiated and in breach of Clause 4.1 of Section II of the Code.
Given the above finding:
The advertisement must be withdrawn;
The process to withdraw the advertisement must be actioned with immediate effect upon receipt of ruling;
The withdrawal of the advertisement must be completed within the deadlines stipulated by Clause 15.3 of the Procedural Guide; and
The advertisement may not be used again in its current format in future.
Googling for DNA tailored diets gets lots of press items on such claims but no actual research. Given that, I suspect the ASASA’s finding that there is no credible, independent scientific evidence supporting these claims still holds. I therefore feel sure that if an advert making such a claim were to appear in the UK, our ASA would make a similar ruling.
Of course, if the press write advertorials making such claims on your behalf, you are free and clear. Your claims are out there and cannot be sanctioned by the ASA because they are “news”.
]]>Stop Press 10 January 2014: BioClinics have sent me this link to their claims> Interestingly, they are on a separate website from BioClinics. They have also sent me a 19 page pdf on the science which I shall read and blog on when I have time.

