This repository contains additional data and code from two papers:

From Collisions to Chosen-Prefix Collisions — Application to Full SHA-1
Gaëtan Leurent and Thomas Peyrin
Eurocrypt 2019

SHA-1 is a Shambles: First Chosen-Prefix Collision on SHA-1 and Application to the PGP Web of Trust
Gaëtan Leurent and Thomas Peyrin
Usenix Security 2020

This repository includes:

1. A full description of the set of output differences 𝓓 and the bundles used in the attack. This was obtained by sampling the last rounds of SHA-1, and extends the partial data given in Table 4 of the Eurocrypt paper.
   The set is described in file diff_group.h, and the program sampling.c can be used to verify the sampling.

2. A simulator for the attack, to enable easy verification of our claims (see below for details). This corresponds to the Eurocrypt attack.

3. A graph for the attack, corresponding to the set 𝓢 with maximum cost 2×C_block_ (first line of Table 5).
   This corresponds to a variant of the Eurocrypt attack.
   Due to size limits, the graph is not in the git repo, but if available as part of the releases:
   https://github.com/Cryptosaurus/sha1-cp/releases/download/v1/diffset
   (Note: the graph only contains the nodes, the edges are recomputed on the fly)

4. The GPU code to generate near-collision blocks, improved from the code of the Shattered attack.
   This is the code from the Usenix attack.

In order to make sure proper countermeasures can be deployed before harmful exploitation of SHA-1 chosen-prefix collisions, we are not releasing the full source code of the attack at this point.

For each block, our simulator computes the message equations and list of useful output differences from the graph 𝓖 and simulates the attack by picking random messages and internal states at step 64 until reaching a useful output difference. This validates both the overall attack strategy, and the sampling results; the simulation results closely match the claims in the paper.

To compile the program, just run make. To use the simulator, you need a graph for the attack; you can download one with a release of the code: https://github.com/Cryptosaurus/sha1-cp/releases/download/v1/diffset

There are several ways to use the attack simulator, here are a few example:

1. Generate conditions and path template for a given difference

./simulator -sdiffset -dffffda04/fffffed4/fffffffc/fffffff8/00000000 -ttemplate

2. Simulate attack form a random input difference in the set

./simulator -sdiffset -b

To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty. You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with this software. If not, see https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/.

If you have any questions, feel free to contact us:

• Gaëtan Leurent: gaetan.leurent@inria.fr
• Thomas Peyrin: thomas.peyrin@ntu.edu.sg