HTTP/2 301
date: Sun, 18 Jan 2026 03:25:06 GMT
content-length: 0
location: https://doi.org/10.1038/508161A
server: cloudflare
vary: Origin
expires: Mon, 19 Jan 2026 03:25:06 GMT
permissions-policy: interest-cohort=(),browsing-topics=()
cf-cache-status: DYNAMIC
nel: {"report_to":"cf-nel","success_fraction":0.0,"max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
report-to: {"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://a.nel.cloudflare.com/report/v4?s=d%2FQ9scsrXKnXPbY6pThh0%2BTKtWHO7L8WeequMseW4p7H70fd2EDc3fnGc2CC89PWUrHOo5tCQH4Dh6ozyJ3diEhbHoeAww%3D%3D"}]}
cf-ray: 9bfafbb5fedd25e0-BLR
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
HTTP/2 302
date: Sun, 18 Jan 2026 03:25:07 GMT
content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8
location: https://www.nature.com/articles/508161a
server: cloudflare
vary: Origin
vary: Accept
expires: Sun, 18 Jan 2026 04:11:00 GMT
permissions-policy: interest-cohort=(),browsing-topics=()
cf-cache-status: DYNAMIC
nel: {"report_to":"cf-nel","success_fraction":0.0,"max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
report-to: {"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://a.nel.cloudflare.com/report/v4?s=A05No49XkkdthpyXzGFt7e83u8QGkI1RBI8fj92awm7kgV26dT9%2BOqkO9XtAqnqWsRM2e3H%2BBdYXGNxCmVyXmq1f5WDUlw%3D%3D"}]}
cf-ray: 9bfafbb63f2225e0-BLR
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
HTTP/2 303
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000;preload
x-vcap-request-id: d4ef1739-e436-408f-72ca-f58981055ebe
server: Oscar Platform 0.2039.0
via: 1.1 google, 1.1 varnish
content-type: text/html
location: https://idp.nature.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=grover&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F508161a
accept-ranges: bytes
date: Sun, 18 Jan 2026 03:25:07 GMT
x-served-by: cache-bom-vanm7210028-BOM, cache-bom-vanm7210043-BOM
x-cache: MISS, MISS
x-cache-hits: 0, 0
x-timer: S1768706707.262598,VS0,VE420
vary: x-forwarded-host, upgrade-insecure-requests
alt-svc: h3=":443";ma=86400,h3-29=":443";ma=86400,h3-27=":443";ma=86400
content-length: 150
HTTP/2 302
cache-control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
content-security-policy: frame-ancestors 'none';
expires: 0
location: https://idp.nature.com/transit?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F508161a&code=084f2926-64ea-4ff2-a21e-452121c8e189
pragma: no-cache
set-cookie: idp_session=sVERSION_19367c64b-57b7-4dc7-b1ab-8b45141dde9c; Domain=.nature.com; Path=/; Secure; SameSite=None; HttpOnly
set-cookie: idp_session_http=hVERSION_1eb4f2696-122b-4fbe-b8ea-b578d0587083; Domain=.nature.com; Path=/; HttpOnly
set-cookie: idp_marker=7003a1a8-3750-47ca-8ac3-8df6a428af76; Domain=.nature.com; Path=/; Max-Age=34560000; HttpOnly
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000 ; includeSubDomains
traceparent: 00-75bdbb6ca4f747b374892c8941632b71-c05679fee03921e4-01
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: DENY
x-vcap-request-id: 75bdbb6c-a4f7-47b3-7489-2c8941632b71
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
via: 1.1 google, 1.1 varnish
x-cdn-origin: SNPaaS
accept-ranges: bytes
date: Sun, 18 Jan 2026 03:25:08 GMT
x-served-by: cache-bom-vanm7210058-BOM
x-cache: MISS
x-cache-hits: 0
x-timer: S1768706708.748904,VS0,VE388
vary: x-forwarded-proto
alt-svc: h3=":443";ma=86400,h3-29=":443";ma=86400,h3-27=":443";ma=86400
content-length: 0
HTTP/2 302
cache-control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
content-language: en-US
content-security-policy: frame-ancestors 'none';
expires: 0
location: https://www.nature.com/articles/508161a
pragma: no-cache
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000 ; includeSubDomains
traceparent: 00-c00b9a08465d4051645f0e90613a6b70-dbc42e967a903b4f-01
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: DENY
x-vcap-request-id: c00b9a08-465d-4051-645f-0e90613a6b70
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
via: 1.1 google, 1.1 varnish
x-cdn-origin: SNPaaS
accept-ranges: bytes
date: Sun, 18 Jan 2026 03:25:08 GMT
x-served-by: cache-bom-vanm7210058-BOM
x-cache: MISS
x-cache-hits: 0
x-timer: S1768706708.150406,VS0,VE377
vary: x-forwarded-proto
alt-svc: h3=":443";ma=86400,h3-29=":443";ma=86400,h3-27=":443";ma=86400
content-length: 0
HTTP/2 200
content-encoding: gzip
x-b3-sampled: 1
x-content-type-options: nosniff
set-cookie: CONTENT_USAGE_SESSIONID="utterlyidle:v1:ODNjM2M2ZDMtNmU3OC00NmEyLTlmY2QtYzY5ZjRlZDU4OTA1"; Domain=.nature.com; Path=/; Secure=; HttpOnly=
set-cookie: user.uuid.v2="6fc49527-b2dc-41b9-b100-007503034580"; Expires=Sat, 18 Apr 2026 03:25:08 GMT; Path=/; secure; HttpOnly
content-type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
x-frame-options: DENY
x-sn-servicetimems: 264
x-b3-traceid: 371c23d435e852a8
x-forwarded-host: www.nature.com
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
server: Oscar Platform 0.2039.0
tracestate: gorouter=c417b1fe0397cc2a
tracestate: gorouter=c417b1fe0397cc2a
x-b3-spanid: c6e2dbd8cfaea065
x-dump-request-bodies: 0
x-vcap-request-id: 92527d4a-01f2-4acb-66c9-6814419f66d5
cache-control: private, must-revalidate
via: 1.1 google, 1.1 varnish
accept-ranges: bytes
traceparent: 00-92527d4a01f24acb66c96814419f66d5-aaf44c8f28573208-01
traceparent: 00-92527d4a01f24acb66c96814419f66d5-57b63cb7ff3e4cbf-01
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000;preload
age: 0
date: Sun, 18 Jan 2026 03:25:09 GMT
x-served-by: cache-bom-vanm7210028-BOM, cache-bom-vanm7210043-BOM
x-cache: MISS, MISS, MISS
x-cache-hits: 0, 0
x-timer: S1768706709.541487,VS0,VE728
vary: X-Frame-Options,X-Oscar-Cache-Mode, Accept-Encoding
alt-svc: h3=":443";ma=86400,h3-29=":443";ma=86400,h3-27=":443";ma=86400
Funders punish open-access dodgers | Nature
Skip to main content
Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Agencies withhold grant money from researchers who do not make publications openly available.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
185,98 € per year
only 3,65 € per issue
Buy this article
Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF. Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Additional access options:
Authors Richard Van Noorden
This article is cited by
Daniela De Filippo Jorge Mañana-Rodriguez
Scientometrics (2022)
Vincent Larivière Cassidy R. Sugimoto
Nature (2018)