Filial Piety; 孝

Out of my many wonderful childhood memories, there are two specific ones that I hold particularly dear – there are my fondest, most cherished moments as a child that I can remember till this day, and will probably remember for a very long time after. I can still remember and picture the happenings of these two memories in my mind, as if a silent, old projector is playing in my head. The two memories are of the Ladybird Children Series storybooks and fried rice. The former ties me closely to the memories that I shared with my father, and the second, with my mother.

For as long as I can remember, I have always loved reading because I love imagination. Whenever I am reading a good book, it always feels like I am living in a double reality – the reality of my life and the reality created by the author. And I love that process of transportation; it calms me, makes me far more attune to my inner self, and much more aware of my own surroundings. In a good novel, the setting of the sun is never just the setting of the sun. The narration carries the interplay of colours, light and shadows, of emotions stirred, of sighs and laughter faintly heard. With the love of reading eventually came the desire to write – whether this was a learned tool or a gifted talent, I do not know. But I know that I love writing, and throughout school and university, there have always been people who saw potential in me. I can remember the very moment when it all began. It all began on my ninth birthday. I knew that my father was going to get me a present – I just did not know what. I was waiting anxiously at home and standing by the front gate, which at that time, seemed extremely big, as I could not reach the lock. I remember my father’s car turning into the front porch. It was an old, magenta coloured Proton, a local Malaysian brand. Till this day, I could still picture him coming out of the car, carrying a large package wrapped in gold and silver glitter paper. I was so happy and excited. I took the package. While I don’t remember saying “thank you”, my father probably would have made me say it by saying, “No manners! When you get something, what do you say?” “Thank you, Papa!” I went inside, ripped open the package and there it was – 30 children’s storybooks from the Ladybird Children Series. And I did not do anything else for the whole day but read: Rapunzel, Thumbelina, Beauty and the Beast, Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood, Jack and the Beanstalk etc. I know most of the English children fairy tales because of this particular day. I finished all 30 books in less than 5 days, and I asked my dad to buy me some more. Those books are still in my parent’s house in Malaysia. When I turned 24 last year, my dear friend Anna got her mother to bring a gift for me from Sweden. Again, this gift came in silver glitter paper, and when I opened up the gift, I was transported back to the time when I celebrated my ninth birthday. It was a German children’s book entitled “Eine Geburtstagtorte für die Katze”. She gave me this particular gift because I was into my second month in learning German. Again, I could not stop smiling.

When I was in primary school, we had recess for half an hour between 10.30am to 11am, and often we would either bring food from home or buy food from the canteen. I remember one particular afternoon, after coming back from school, where I went up to my mother and told her that I would like to have fried rice to eat during recess time the next day, and she said yes. Reflecting back, as a child, I never really did bother to ask how things that I want come about, or how much effort it takes to give me the things that I want, as long as I get them in the end. My mother has always worked full-time, and by the time my brother, my sister and myself were of schooling age, we did not have a nanny or a babysitter. My parents couldn’t afford them. Thus, when I asked my mother for fried rice to bring to recess the next day, it meant that she had to get up extra early in the morning, (1 husband and 3 school-going children, and she works full-time: she already has to wake up pretty early), to prepare the meal. And this was not just any simple fried rice, where one would simply dump oil into a hot wok and fry up the rice with some soy sauce and that’s that. Fish cakes, prawns, onions, spring onions, and the perfect combination of dark and light soy sauce, with the rice cooked to perfect – not too wet and not too dry. I remembered feeling very proud of my mother when I took out my container and sat with my then two best friends in school during recess. I opened up the container, and my friends peered over and said in Mandarin, “很好吃啊!好香哦!” (That looks really yummy and smells really good!) And I replied, “当然!我的妈妈炒的!” (Of course! My mother made this!) I have lived overseas for 5 years now, and this year will be my sixth. While I miss the food back home, as there is no substitute for good Malaysian food, I think I definitely miss my mother’s cooking more. In my current circumstance, with no family or children, I find it difficult to manage my own life, let alone wake up in the morning to make fried rice. Only as an adult could I imagine and understand, at least a little better than I was a child, the sacrifices that responsible and loving parents make in order for their children to grow up in a loving, stable home.

I have been thinking a lot regarding parent-child relationships, mainly because of my transition into adulthood and my parents’ transition into retirement. It seems now that the dreams, hopes and wishes that I’ve had growing up are looking reasonably realistic and are achievable. Much of the things that I would like to do, and to a certain degree, what I feel I’m called to do, involves spending a reasonable amount of time overseas. When I left Malaysia, I was 19 years old and brought with me a very different worldview. Living overseas has changed a lot of my previous conceptions. Growing up does that as well. So I am a very different person, culturally in particular, to the person I was at the airport in Kuala Lumpur 5 years ago. The worldview that I carry with me now, my Weltanschaaung, has changed dramatically. Despite of the person that I was, I am, or who I will be, my parents will always remain my parents, but the dynamics of the relationship, I think, changes. The commandment to honour and to obey parents are important themes throughout the Bible in matters of family structure. Ephesians 6:1-3 states:

“Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. Honour your father and mother – which is the first commandment with a promise – that it may go well with you and that you may enjoy long life on the earth”.

Filial piety is a virtue that runs very deep in many Asian cultures. In school, we were taught that that the responsibility of a grown-up adult is to take care of his or her parents in their old age, as parents have given up much of their lives to care for us: time, money, effort, sacrifice, anger, frustration, tears and exasperations etc; parents go through so much to provide the best that they can for their children. Thus, it is a must that we honour our parents by caring for them when they are old, and could no longer care for themselves. To send our parents to an old folks home is the biggest sin that a son or a daughter can do towards parents. This mentality is stoked and driven into us when we were growing up mainly through education and the media. This tradition has its origins within Chinese philosophy, first documented in literary form by Confucius, who put filial piety, 孝, as the most important virtue in Chinese morality, and the foundation of any functional and civil society. As a Chinese, to obey our parents and to honour the traditions of our ancestors are values that must transcend all else. Thus, in Asia, the generational structure of the family is honoured, and we are taught, as young children, the importance of showing respect to elders. The Chinese education system emphasizes this through respect for teachers, by training us to stand up whenever a teacher enters a classroom, and to greet the teacher with a heavy bow, and then chanting as a class, “老师早安”(Good morning, teacher). If we did not bow low enough, or chanted loud enough, we were made to repeat the ritual again. Elders have the right to discipline the younger, and this is also often shown through the use of force and pain. I remember, till this day, a classmate of mine crying his heart out when we were 10, because he scored 68 in English, which meant that within the hour, he was caned 16 times. Now all these may seem extreme, and even violent, particularly in the Western context that encourages parenting through talking, time-outs, grounding and quiet corners. In New Zealand, what I went through as a child would have been considered abuse, and every single teacher in my primary school would have been liable for prosecution. But one must understand the worldview, the Weltanschaaung from which this practice comes from. There is a Chinese saying back home: “the person who canes hurts more than the child who is receiving it”. It is strongly held that through strict discipline, a child would be able to achieve his or her full potential. And it is the charge of the parents to do their utmost best, to sacrifice whatever needed, to ensure that their children have as much opportunity to excel and to live a good life, usually in the monetary sense. And when the parents are old, it is the responsibility, nay, the duty of the child to care for his or her aged parents, to provide for their material needs and to honour and respect them, until they pass. It is not uncommon to have three generations living within one roof in Malaysia, not because the men are mama boys, but it is out of respect, duty and filial piety towards his parents.

In reconciling the culture from which I was raised with my current worldview, I have to admit that I struggle constantly within myself, not because I do not honour or love my parents, but that I choose to not care for them in the manner that I was taught to. And I did so by choosing to stay overseas and by making plans to possibly go and live in other areas of the world. This would entail several long years of being abroad, and I am no where near ready to be home. I had to ask myself, with all honesty, the reasons for my decisions. There are several, and I must admit that some of them are my own personal (selfish?) dreams, but the main reason why I choose to stay is because, after prayers to God and consideration of many factors, staying overseas felt like the right thing to do for the moment. Now I dare not say that this is definitely the will of God for my life – whether it is His will or not – I, ultimately, was the one who made the decision to stay, and I need to have ownership of that. And I don’t think God works in narrow, one-way streets either. Often people talk about God’s will as if it is some fixed term plan for investment at a bank, where the route is certain, and the beginning and end are fixed. Not that I understand, in any manner, how God works, but for those who believe in His existence and sovereignty, must also acknowledge that He listens, He hears and He is flexible enough to change His mind. I guess what I’m ultimately saying, is that I don’t know whether my decisions are definitely right in the sense that this is what I’m suppose to do, but I am living my life as it unfolds, and I’m trying to make decisions the best that I can. I am just sad that by choosing to do so, it seems that I have gone against the Asian culture of filial piety, because I am not at home, taking care of my parents in the way that I was raised and taught to. To quote Rainer Maria Rilke,

“Be patient towards all that is unresolved in your heart and try to love the questions themselves. Do not now seek the answers, which would not be given to you because you would not be able to live them. And the point is to live everything. Live the questions.”

In thinking about all of these issues within my inner self, I was reminded of what the prophet Simeon said to Mary when she brought her son to the temple for the first time for circumcision, as per the Jewish tradition: “This child is destined to cause the falling and rising of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be spoken against, so that the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed. And a sword will pierce your own soul too.Again, I do not confess to know what Mary’s thoughts were, and I can only take an educated guess. But I derive my deductions from observing and feeling the heart of my mother, who would only want the best and the greatest good for the children that she has brought into the world. And I think for Mary, that would be no different. And it would be difficult, I think, for a mother to accept that the children that she has protected, nurtured and guarded for so long would end up putting themselves in danger zones for the rest of their lives, or at least, a mother’s interpretation of danger zones, which is very, very broad. For my mother, me being overseas is considered as a terrible danger zone because of the distance and her inability to be by my side if any danger or mishap were to befall on me. At the age of twelve, when Jesus stayed at the temple for 3 days, while his earthly parents were frantically looking for him all throughout Jerusalem, He said to his anxious-stricken parents, “Why were you searching for me? Didn’t you know I had to be in my Father’s house?” Pondering on this really hit a point to me as to whom I ultimately owe filial piety to, and this is above the filial piety that I am to show to my earthly parents. When in the midst of fulfilling His Father’s will on the cross, Jesus looked at his earthly mother, and then to his disciple John, and said, “Dear woman, here is your son. (To John) Here is your mother”.

I will always remember Ladybird Children Series and fried rice, and a lot more than that. I am who I am because of the love, devotion and sacrificial efforts of my parents, who are also broken people, but trying their best to be good to me. And I hope that God will give me the wisdom and the know-how to honour and obey my parents. And if I am purposed and destined to live my life for God by throwing myself in parent-defined danger zones, I can do naught else but pray for the strength to show filial piety to my heavenly Father.

“All that I am, or hope to be, I owe to my angel mother.” – Abraham Lincoln.

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It is not about me. It never was.

It seems that when one picks up the newspaper or goes on the Internet to be updated with the happenings of the world in recent times, it is difficult not to be overwhelmed with the number of world-changing incidents. While sitting in a cafe in Wellington, I picked up the Dominion Post and read through the coverage on the Memorial Service for the recent Christchurch earthquake and the updates on the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crises in Japan. Recently, my colleague sent through a link to the New York Times which showed ‘before-and-after’ satellite photos of Japan’s major cities Too much destruction. It was difficult to go through the pictures. Not to mention the thousands of lives lost and millions more affected by grief and death: the women who have lost the husbands of their youth, the men who have lost the love of their lives, the children who are now left without the comfort and love of their parents, of friends now gone and familiar faces no longer seen. Not forgetting the continuous crises that are happening in the Middle East, with the latest being the UN-sanctioned bombing of Libya by the United States,United Kingdom and France, with Italy offering its military bases, and Canada sending in more weaponry. These events are occurring alongside other issues that humanity as a whole are still struggling with it; specific issues such as the rule of the military junta in Myanmar, dictatorship and absence of human rights in North Korea, extreme poverty and AIDS in Africa, the American-Iraq war (which seems to be going on with no absolute end in sight), Israeli-Palestinian conflict etc, just to name a few. Other general issues that we are still struggling with for far too long include human rights, eco and social justice, poverty, domestic abuse, gangs, sex-trafficking and drug rings, and high crime rates in general. Everyday, someone is dying and in pain through no fault of their own.

It got me thinking seriously about the meaning of humanity, of existence, of life and of death. Cities that took hundreds and thousands of years to build are gone within minutes. Wealth that we spent years accumulating are destroyed with one stroke of nature’s hand. All things on earth are temporal – this phrase echoes true. There is nothing that we amass here which will last forever, and there is nothing here that we can take once we leave. And death is definitely certain for all. These issues once again reminded me of the reality of this world – while in many facets, the world carries so much beauty, elegance, logic and culture, it is also a place filled with suffering, decay, tears and lost. The above events mentioned depict grief that are very obvious, but there are also sufferings that are hidden – hidden within people who seemed to have it all and who are able to achieve anything; people who go about their day-to-day lives with masks on their faces but behind the facades, pain is always there. In thinking about these things, I used to wonder about the meaning of it all – if all things are temporal and the world is in so much pain, then what is the meaning of life? What is the reason for my existence? However, I realised that the most important question is not about me, but this: What can I do to bring change? And it is in asking this question, that I can shed some light, at least for myself, on the meaning of life and of existence. It is not about me. It never was.

I cannot deny the faith tradition from which I would continue to write on from here. For various and genuine reasons, one may agree or disagree – we live in a pluralistic world and freedom of thought and belief must be upheld in the highest manner. In explaining my worldview, I often like to quote C.S.Lewis, who famously wrote: “I believe in Christianity as I believe that the sun has risen; not only because I see it, but because by it I see everything else.” In light of the events that are unfolding in the world, I am reminded of one simple statement:”Greater is he who is in you than he who is in the world”, which, at many times, have given me the confidence to know that my existence matters, my life matters, and with God’s over-arching control, nothing is impossible and too difficult to achieve. Privately and individually, one can only do so much, thus, the importance of the movement of the global Church. The Scriptures prophecy about the new creation that is to come, the renewal of all things, of joy without sadness, of life without death, of the reign of God and the banishment of sin, and the union of new heaven and new earth. But again, the main question is not about the end – I know the end (or at least, I try to believe it. Sometimes I am Doubting Thomas!). The main question is about my participation in contributing towards this end. How do I participate in bringing about this new order? Again, this is not about me. It never was.

In reading about the life of Jesus throughout the Scripture, I am continuously amazed on how ‘action-focused’ he was. Alongside teaching and His proclamation of God, both His hands are continuously working within communities who are broken-hearted, poor and suffering. He spent most his time with men who are considered to be drunkards and unclean by puritanical Pharisees – tax collectors, Gentiles, people with infirmities etc. Most of His closest followers were women, who did not have any rights or legal standing in a heavily patriarchal society. He translated the spirit of the Old Testament Law so perfectly in His teachings, actions and words, with total disregard for and nonchalance towards unnecesary legalism. Above all, He was working continuously within the reality of this world, with full awareness and participation of its brokenness – never aloof, never above-it-all, and other than times for prayer, never separated from people. And after this, I read of his followers who with their own brokenness, insecurities and imperfection tried their best to follow their God – a God who considered the world important enough to warrant the biggest sacrifice for its redemption. The God that I seek to follow and obey is the God who participates in the world and who has borne the struggles, pains and temptations of humanity.

In light of this, what, then, should be a Christian’s response? If one publicly declares him or herself as someone who abides by this tradition of faith, as someone who follows this man call Jesus, then what are our responses and actions towards the situation of the day? Do we stand by the side-lines and watch the world wither away while we wait for Armageddon, or do we participate in the renewing of the world that is sure to come? It is common within Christian communities to think of God as some sort of Santa Claus, that with the right formulas, with the right actions and the right amount of prayer, life will be all good and sweet – that there will be wealth, joy and prosperity for ourselves and our families. How does this image of God reconcile with the apostles and followers who, till this day in certain countries, are persecuted, hunted, punished and killed for believing in and serving Jesus? How does the image of the Santa Claus God reconcile with the many who have contributed and sacrifice time, money, resources and talent, forsaking the glamour of big cities and prestigious careers to work towards giving hope and opportunities to those who are abandoned, forsaken, poor and dehumanised? And yet in poverty, these people found wealth; in danger, they found security; and in death, they found the true meaning for living. In fact, how can any church even preach of such a God when suffering exists as far as the eye can see? It is a blatant mixture of the unholy Trinity – the I, Me and Myself – with God. Something is wrong. Terribly wrong. Furthermore, how can we preach of a God who loves and provides, and yet withhold and hoard what we have to satisfy luxuries and excessive pleasures? How can we separate ourselves from the world in the name of purity and holiness when Jesus himself mingled with lepers, the most unclean within the then-Jewish society?

I do not pretend that I am free of such guilty actions – of course I am guilty. I live a comfortable life, I have a good job and I have money. And all who know me knows how much I love things that are beautiful and excessive. But every time I read of Jesus and think of His life, I am convinced that it is not about me. It never was. I do not doubt his blessings towards me – his love, providence, grace and mercy – but I have these things so that I can translate them into actions that would serve others. Again, I do not propose that I know how to do them right, but I am convinced that despite my weaknesses, I should try. But it is difficult to try because this runs counter towards the norm. Let’s take education as an example. It is very common, particularly in Asia, to have a very set route towards education. We must excel academically so that we can go to university. When we’re in university, we must excel so that we can find a good job. And once we have found a good job, we can then buy the big house, the big car and have the big bank account – and then life will be amazing. I would very much like to walk into a lecture hall in a university and to address the students by first informing them that the very fact that they are sitting in that lecture hall, meant that they are the minority 5-10% of the world who would get to see the insides of a higher education institution. There are people who are still fighting and dying for the joy and the pleasure to read and write. I would like to tell them how much of a privilege it is to be a university student and to have the opportunity to learn, to question, to ask and to debate. That such an opportunity is given to them meant that they have so much more opportunities in the world for influence and for change – the future leaders of the world. Imagine how much change can happen, if everyone within that lecture hall would decide to live their lives beyond the confines of their pleasure, but to consider themselves as a participator in the world; to believe that if they extend their hands towards others, change for the better can, and will, happen. If not in their lifetime, then in the next generations that are still to come.

I don’t think change – or at least, permanent change – happens with a few men or women doing extraordinary things, albeit they are some in our human history who are such wonderful beings. But I think great change can happen when normal people – people with weaknesses – decide to think beyond themselves, and practice that in small acts everyday. It is the single mother who is working 3 jobs so that her kids can have a better life after she is gone. It is the husband who decides to go home to the wife of his youth, rather than cheating on her with his secretary. It is the employer who decides to create a good working environment for his / her employees, and to think of people as more than an expense line. It is the mother who continuously gives strength to her son; it is the father who always cherishes her daughter (there are places where this does not happen very often), It is the pastors and missionaries who, with one hand preach of Jesus and salvation, and with the other, try their very best to provide food, shelter, education and medicine to those who need them the most within communities. One can never know how actions, both big and little, can change lives. I truly believe in the ripple effect of actions and omissions. The one truth that I try to have in my mind is this: there will never be another you that is like you, in the past, in the present, or in the future. You are uniquely you. Having this in mind helps me keep away from thinking of people as huge masses – that person is someone’s brother, someone’s sister, someone’s lover, someone’s son, someone’s daughter, someone’s friend, someone’s husband, someone’s wife.

I am still discovering for myself the answer to the question posed previously: “What can I do to bring change?”. And I think that this question should be considered by all despite of worldviews and beliefs. Because we are connected to one other, impacting each other, and living in this world together. The average human lifespan is but 70 to 80 years. I would like my existence to count for more than the wealth that I have amassed or the career that I have achieved. Because wealth and career can be destroyed within minutes. It is by following Jesus and loving people that eternal treasures are stored up in heaven.

I came across this story recently:”In AD 1000, 186 years after the death of Emperor Charlemagne, officials reopened the great king’s tomb and encountered an amazing sight. In the midst of all the finery buried with him – the gold, the jewels, the priceless treasure – was the skeleton of King Charlemagne, still seated on his throne and with the crown still on his head. On his lap there lay an open Bible and one bony finger rested on these words: “What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul?” (Mark 8:36)

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Intentions

In living and practicing the Christian faith, it still never cease to amaze me how counter-culture and increasingly difficult it is to action faith in the reality of this world. We live in an era of fragmentations and conflicts, which seem to permeate every aspect of the human arena and the world – politically, socially, spiritually and physically. Philosophical ideas and tenets of beliefs can now be engaged with in dialogue and debate, and no one can tell another what he or she should think. Politically, the structures of governments around the world are experiencing great changes. I write this in the context of this day and age, with the uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa, where revolutions are sweeping like great waves across these countries. As for spirituality, it is undeniable, particularly in the West, that secularism is the normative philosophy, despite its Christian heritages. Whether it be due to the lack of appeal, the faults of the Church, the dominance of the scientific method or just plain agnosticism, faith, or at least, the Christian faith, is increasingly seen as being irrelevant, out of fashion and unnecessary.

However, the remnants still remain, and in fact, increasing in other sides of the world, particularly in Asia. The largest Protestant church is now in Seoul, Korea. Underground movements are increasing despite government efforts to quash the efforts of missionaries. I have once heard that the reason why Christianity is growing in Asia is because the people in this great continent, with its poverty, lack of opportunities and daily sufferings, identify with the offerings of hope narrated in the Bible. Perhaps that still remains true. I was born into such a context – Asian and Christian. There are moments when these two strands of my identity seem to come into conflict, but faith is always practiced within contexts and cultures. Thus, it is my challenge to be continuously aware of the tensions and the fusions of the two.

It remains that Jesus stands as my dominant worldview, my meta-narrative and my ultimate perspective on life and of the world. But it is arguable that such a faith is useless unless it is practiced and translated in actions and omissions, and in the world that we live in. In this, I often ponder on the book of James:

“What good is it, my brothers, if a man claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such a faith save him? Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes and daily food. If one of you says to him, “Go, I wish you well; keep warm and well fed,” but does nothing about his physical needs, what good is it? In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead”. But someone will say, “You have faith, I have deeds”. Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by what I do. You believe that there is one God. Good! Even the demons believe that – and shudder!” (James 2:14-19)

While I believe in the truth of the Bible, and view the world through such lenses, faith is dead without proactive actions in the identification, association and healing of this world. This is the the intention of this site. Not that I have all the answers, but these are merely thoughts, tensions, disappointments and arguments within myself that I will attempt to express here. That despite the increasing marginalisation of Christianity in the West, I still hold fast that Jesus is needed, but my words must be supported by my deeds. And this presents itself as the life-long challenge of Christians and of the Church.

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