View source for TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/CommonVocabularies

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== SWEO Community Project: Linking Open Data on the Semantic Web ==
= Common Vocabularies / Ontologies / Micromodels =
This page collects links to vocabularies, ontologies and micromodels that are commonly used to publish RDF data on the Semantic Web.
In order to make it easier for client applications to do something useful with your data, it is recommended to use terms from these vocabularies wherever they fit. Feel free to mix terms from different vocabularies and to extend the vocabularies with additional terms in your own namespace. The background of this 'term cherry-picking' approach is for example explained in this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ga1aSJXCFe0&feature=player_embedded Gov 2.0 Expo 2010 video by TimBL].
The page is part of the community project [[SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData|SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData]]
=== Commonly used Vocabularies ===
* [https://www.foaf-project.org/ Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF)] provides terms for describing people and their social network
* [https://sioc-project.org/ SIOC] Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities 
* [https://usefulinc.com/doap/ DOAP] Description of a Project
* [https://dublincore.org/documents/dcmes-xml/ Dublin Core] Defines general metadata attributes.
* [https://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ SKOS] Simple Knowledge Organization System
* [https://esw.w3.org/topic/SkosDev/DataZone SKOS DataZone] list of vocabularies available in SKOS schema
* [https://purl.org/stuff/rev# Review Vocabulary] provides terms for representing reviews.
* [https://www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/goodrelations/v1 GoodRelations] provides terms for describing products and business entities.
* [https://musicontology.com/ Music Ontology] provides terms for describing artists, albums, tracks, but also performances, arrangements, etc.
* [https://www.epimorphics.com/public/vocabulary/org.html Organization Ontology] for describing the structure of organizations.
* [https://linkedevents.org/ontology/ Linking Open Description of Events (LODE)] provides terms for describing the basic properties of an event and contains a list of axioms expressing mapping relationships with other ontologies such as DOLCE, CYC, CIDOC-CRM, Event Ontology, F, and SEM.
* [https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/introducing-schemaorg-search-engines.html Google], [https://tripletalk.wordpress.com/2011/06/03/welcome-to-schema-org/ Yahoo] and [https://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2011/06/02/bing-google-and-yahoo-unite-to-build-the-web-of-objects.aspx Microsoft] have agreed on vocabularies for publishing strucutred data on the Web. Their shared 'ontology' is maintained on [https://schema.org/ schema.org].
* [https://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/MarineTLO/v3/core_v3.owl MarineTLO (core) Ontology] is a top-level ontology for the marine domain (also applicable to the terrestrial domain) and [https://www.ics.forth.gr/isl/MarineTLO/v3/imarine_v3.owl MarineTLO (imarine) Ontology] is an extension and operational version of the MarineTLO core. 
The [https://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/lodcloud/state/#terms State of the LOD Cloud] document provides statistics about commonly used vocabularies (October 2010)
Blog post listing the [https://ebiquity.umbc.edu/blogger/2006/08/23/100-most-common-rdf-namespaces/ 100 most common RDF namespaces] (August 2006)
The paper [https://ebiquity.umbc.edu/paper/html/id/316/Characterizing-the-Semantic-Web-on-the-Web Ding, Finin: Characterizing the Semantic Web on the Web] gives an overview about which vocabularies were used in May 2006.
=== Vocabulary Listings ===
There are several sites collecting RDF vocabularies and OWL ontologies. Try to reuse these before inventing something new.
* [https://labs.mondeca.com/dataset/lov/index.html Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)]
* [https://schemapedia.com/ Schemapedia]
* [https://www.schemaweb.info/ Schemaweb]
* [https://swoogle.umbc.edu/ Swoogle]
* [https://olp.dfki.de/ontoselect/  OntoSelect]
* [https://esw.w3.org/VocabularyMarket Vocabulary Market]
=== Vocabulary Mappings ===
Some vocabularies provide different URIs to describe equivalent (or more / less precise) resources. 
It seems important to define mappings ([https://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/#htoc21 vocabulary links]) between them.
* [https://wiki.sioc-project.org/index.php/RelatedOntologies SIOC and others vocabulatires]
* [https://esw.w3.org/topic/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/CommonVocabularies/MappingDOAPGForge DOAP and the GForge ontology]
* see also: [https://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/#htoc86 Section on Vocabulary Mapping in Linked Data Book]
=== Vocabulary Mapping Discovery ===
The Web of Data contains large amounts of instance data with instances being partly interlinked between data sources. The instance data as well as the connections can be used to mine vocabulary mappings ([https://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/#htoc21 vocabulary links]) from the Web of Data. Existing work is this space is:
* [https://wiki.knoesis.org/index.php/BLOOMS BLOOMS - Ontology Alignment for Linked Data]
* [https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-665/NikolovEtAl_COLD2010.pdf Capturing Emerging Relations between Schema Ontologies on the Web of Data]
* [https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-665/BizerEtAl_COLD2010.pdf The R2R Framework] provides for publishing expressive mapping on the Web and for interlinking Mappings with Vocabulary Terms and Dataset Descriptions.
=== Micromodels / Microformats ===
[https://microformats.org/ Microformats] define schemata for embedding data into HTML pages. 
Data that is published using a microformat can be transformed to RDF using GRDDL. See [https://microformats.org/wiki/faqs-for-rdf Microformat FAQs for RDF Fans]
=== Linking Properties  ===
This section collects poposals on which properties to use to set links between different entities.
* ESW Wiki: [[PropertiesForLinking]]
* Alexandre Passant: [https://lists.w3.org:80/Archives/Public/public-xg-geo/2007Jan/0000.html FOAF geonames and more] plus answers by different people.
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/#sameAs-def owl:sameAs] as the standard way of saying that two data items in different data sources are about the same resource.
* Bernard Vatant: [https://perso.orange.fr/universimmedia/index.htm#IdeasForLinkingVocabulary Ideas for a Linking Vocabulary]