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HTML: The Markup Language
An HTML language reference
W3C Working Draft 25 May 2011
- This Version:
- https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html-markup-20110525/
- Latest Published Version:
- https://www.w3.org/TR/html-markup/
- Latest Editor's Draft:
- https://dev.w3.org/html5/markup/
- Previous Versions:
- https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html-markup-20110405/
- https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html-markup-20110113/
- https://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html-markup-20101019/
- https://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html-markup-20100624/
- https://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html-markup-20100304/
- Editors:
- Michael[tm] Smith, W3C <mike@w3.org>
The content of this document is also available as a single HTML file.
Copyright © 2011 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
Abstract
This non-normative reference describes the HTML markup language and provides details to help producers of HTML content create documents that conform to the language. It is intended to complement the normative conformance criteria defined in the HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML specification, as well as information in related deliverables published by the HTML Working Group and from other sources. By design, this reference does not describe related APIs in detail, nor attempt to explain how implementations that are consumers of HTML content are meant to process documents (those areas are covered by the HTML5 specification itself), nor attempt to also be a tutorial or “how to” authoring guide.
Status of this Document
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at https://www.w3.org/TR/.
This document is the 25 May 2011 Working Draft of
HTML: The Markup Language.
If you’d like to comment on this document, the preferred
means for commenting is to submit your comments through the
HTML Working Group bugzilla database, with the Component field set to HTML5: The Markup Language.
Alternatively, you can send comments by e-mail to
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(archived).
This document was published by the W3C HTML Working Group, part of the HTML Activity in the W3C Interaction Domain.
Instability and incompleteness of this document
This document is a working draft — all parts of it remain subject to significant change or removal, and some parts are currently incomplete; in particular, many elements currently lack complete documentation in the following subsections:
- Examples
- The documentation for each element ideally have at least one conformant example and at least one non-conformant example.
- Details
- The purpose of this subsection is to provide, where needed, additional details about the semantics of the element and its attributes.
- Additional constraints and admonitions
- This purpose of this subsection is to provide, where needed, additional document-conformance constraints and usage admonitions for the element and its attributes (in addition to those already documented in the Permitted content, Permitted attributes, Permitted parent elements, and Tag omission subsections).
Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. This document is informative only. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.
Table of Contents # T
Full Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Terminology
- 3. Documents
- 4. HTML syntax
- 5. HTML elements organized by function
- 6. HTML elements
- ⓘ a – hyperlink CHANGED
- ⓘ abbr – abbreviation
- ⓘ address – contact information
- ⓘ area – image-map hyperlink
- ⓘ article – article NEW
- ⓘ aside – tangential content NEW
- ⓘ audio – audio stream NEW
- ⓘ b – offset text conventionally styled in bold CHANGED
- ⓘ base – base URL
- ⓘ bdi – BiDi isolate NEW
- ⓘ bdo – BiDi override
- ⓘ blockquote – block quotation
- ⓘ body – document body
- ⓘ br – line break
- ⓘ button – button
- ⓘ button type=submit – submit button
- ⓘ button type=reset – reset button
- ⓘ button type=button – button with no additional semantics
- ⓘ canvas – canvas for dynamic graphics NEW
- ⓘ caption – table title
- ⓘ cite – cited title of a work CHANGED
- ⓘ code – code fragment
- ⓘ col – table column
- ⓘ colgroup – table column group
- ⓘ command – command NEW
- ⓘ command type=command – command with an associated action NEW
- ⓘ command type=radio – selection of one item from a list of items NEW
- ⓘ command type=checkbox – state or option that can be toggled NEW
- ⓘ datalist – predefined options for other controls NEW
- ⓘ dd – description or value
- ⓘ del – deleted text
- ⓘ details – control for additional on-demand information NEW
- ⓘ dfn – defining instance
- ⓘ div – generic flow container
- ⓘ dl – description list
- ⓘ dt – term or name
- ⓘ em – emphatic stress
- ⓘ embed – integration point for plugins NEW
- ⓘ fieldset – set of related form controls
- ⓘ figcaption – figure caption NEW
- ⓘ figure – figure with optional caption NEW
- ⓘ footer – footer NEW
- ⓘ form – user-submittable form
- ⓘ h1 – heading
- ⓘ h2 – heading
- ⓘ h3 – heading
- ⓘ h4 – heading
- ⓘ h5 – heading
- ⓘ h6 – heading
- ⓘ head – document metadata container
- ⓘ header – header NEW
- ⓘ hgroup – heading group NEW
- ⓘ hr – thematic break CHANGED
- ⓘ html – root element
- ⓘ i – offset text conventionally styled in italic CHANGED
- ⓘ iframe – nested browsing context (inline frame)
- ⓘ img – image
- ⓘ input – input control CHANGED
- ⓘ input type=text – text-input field
- ⓘ input type=password – password-input field
- ⓘ input type=checkbox – checkbox
- ⓘ input type=radio – radio button
- ⓘ input type=button – button
- ⓘ input type=submit – submit button
- ⓘ input type=reset – reset button
- ⓘ input type=file – file upload control
- ⓘ input type=hidden – hidden input control
- ⓘ input type=image – image-coordinates input control
- ⓘ input type=datetime – global date-and-time input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=datetime-local – local date-and-time input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=date – date input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=month – year-and-month input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=time – time input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=week – year-and-week input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=number – number input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=range – imprecise number-input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=email – e-mail address input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=url – URL input control NEW
- ⓘ input type=search – search field NEW
- ⓘ input type=tel – telephone-number-input field NEW
- ⓘ input type=color – color-well control NEW
- ⓘ ins – inserted text
- ⓘ kbd – user input
- ⓘ keygen – key-pair generator/input control NEW
- ⓘ label – caption for a form control
- ⓘ legend – title or explanatory caption
- ⓘ li – list item
- ⓘ link – inter-document relationship metadata
- ⓘ map – image-map definition
- ⓘ mark – marked (highlighted) text NEW
- ⓘ menu – list of commands CHANGED
- ⓘ meta – metadata CHANGED
- ⓘ meta name – name-value metadata
- ⓘ meta http-equiv=refresh – “refresh” pragma directive
- ⓘ meta http-equiv=default-style – “preferred stylesheet” pragma directive
- ⓘ meta charset – document character-encoding declaration NEW
- ⓘ meta http-equiv=content-type – document character-encoding declaration
- ⓘ meter – scalar gauge NEW
- ⓘ nav – group of navigational links NEW
- ⓘ noscript – fallback content for script
- ⓘ object – generic external content
- ⓘ ol – ordered list
- ⓘ optgroup – group of options
- ⓘ option – option
- ⓘ output – result of a calculation in a form NEW
- ⓘ p – paragraph
- ⓘ param – initialization parameters for plugins
- ⓘ pre – preformatted text
- ⓘ progress – progress indicator NEW
- ⓘ q – quoted text
- ⓘ rp – ruby parenthesis NEW
- ⓘ rt – ruby text NEW
- ⓘ ruby – ruby annotation NEW
- ⓘ s – struck text CHANGED
- ⓘ samp – (sample) output
- ⓘ script – embedded script
- ⓘ section – section NEW
- ⓘ select – option-selection form control
- ⓘ small – small print CHANGED
- ⓘ source – media source NEW
- ⓘ span – generic span
- ⓘ strong – strong importance
- ⓘ style – style (presentation) information
- ⓘ sub – subscript
- ⓘ summary – summary, caption, or legend for a details control NEW
- ⓘ sup – superscript
- ⓘ table – table
- ⓘ tbody – table row group
- ⓘ td – table cell
- ⓘ textarea – text input area
- ⓘ tfoot – table footer row group
- ⓘ th – table header cell
- ⓘ thead – table heading group
- ⓘ time – date and/or time NEW
- ⓘ title – document title
- ⓘ tr – table row
- ⓘ track – supplementary media track NEW
- ⓘ u – offset text conventionally styled with an underline CHANGED
- ⓘ ul – unordered list
- ⓘ var – variable or placeholder text
- ⓘ video – video NEW
- ⓘ wbr – line-break opportunity NEW
- 7. Common content models
- 8. Global attributes
- 9. Data types (common microsyntaxes)