HTTP/2 200 date: Sat, 11 Oct 2025 10:10:23 GMT content-type: application/rfc+xml; charset=utf-8 content-length: 9054 cf-ray: 98cd913af8e1c7d4-BLR last-modified: Wed, 28 May 2025 04:57:06 GMT etag: "c8e0-6362b03437c90-gzip" accept-ranges: bytes vary: Accept-Encoding content-encoding: gzip strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block x-content-type-options: nosniff cf-cache-status: DYNAMIC set-cookie: __cf_bm=zCeYBfmMpSHh1e_nRyBIuuLpTSDT2G_OBS2wwinN_PQ-1760177423-1.0.1.1-nnLWKChmwBzi1sWSNL0EWdKsq8WtoB21ZNZ.6dWNWwFtQBaCXv2ZDt3cToVjAsqQTbPLjp2khQT1v2azjhT6Oc7I1R4B1IlmRc1tsXN.tAY; path=/; expires=Sat, 11-Oct-25 10:40:23 GMT; domain=.rfc-editor.org; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=None server: cloudflare alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400 ]> Security Theory LLC

lgl@securitytheory.com

Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology

Rheinstrasse 75 Darmstadt 64295 Germany henk.birkholz@ietf.contact

Linaro

thomas.fossati@linaro.org

SEC rats EAT media type The payloads used in Remote ATtestation procedureS (RATS) may require an associated media type for their conveyance, for example, when the payloads are used in RESTful APIs. This memo defines media types to be used for Entity Attestation Tokens (EATs).

Introduction Payloads used in Remote ATtestation procedureS (RATS) may require an associated media type for their conveyance, for example, when used in RESTful APIs ().

Conveying RATS Conceptual Messages in REST APIs Using EATs | | | 200 OK | | | EAT(Attestation Results) | | |<---------------------------+ | POST /auth | | | EAT(Attestation Results) | | |<---------------------------+ | | 201 Created | | +--------------------------->| | | | | | | | ]]>

This memo defines media types to be used for EAT payloads independently of the RATS Conceptual Message in which they manifest themselves. The objective is to give protocol, API, and application designers a number of readily available and reusable media types for integrating EAT-based messages in their flows, e.g., when using HTTP or the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) .

Terminology This document uses the terms and concepts defined in .

EAT Types illustrates the six EAT wire formats and how they relate to each other. defines four of them (CBOR Web Token (CWT), JSON Web Token (JWT), and the detached EAT bundle in its JSON and CBOR flavours), while defines the Unprotected CWT Claims Set (UCCS) and Unprotected JWT Claims Sets (UJCS).

EAT Types

A Media Type Parameter for EAT Profiles EAT is an open and flexible format. To improve interoperability, defines the concept of EAT profiles. Profiles are used to constrain the parameters that producers and consumers of a specific EAT profile need to understand in order to interoperate, e.g., the number and type of claims, which serialisation format, the supported signature schemes, etc. EATs carry an in-band profile identifier using the "eat_profile" claim (see ). The value of the "eat_profile" claim is either an OID or a URI. The media types defined in this document include an optional "eat_profile" parameter that can be used to mirror the "eat_profile" claim of the transported EAT. Exposing the EAT profile at the API layer allows API routers to dispatch payloads directly to the profile-specific processor without having to snoop into the request bodies. This design also provides a finer-grained and scalable type system that matches the inherent extensibility of EAT. The expectation being that a certain EAT profile automatically obtains a media type derived from the base (e.g., application/eat+cwt) by populating the "eat_profile" parameter with the corresponding OID or URL. When the parameterised version of the EAT media type is used in HTTP (for example, with the "Content-Type" and "Accept" headers) and the value is an absolute URI (), the parameter-value () uses the quoted-string encoding, for example: application/eat+jwt; eat_profile="tag:evidence.example,2022" Instead, when the EAT profile is an OID, the token encoding (i.e., without quotes) can be used. For example: application/eat+cwt; eat_profile=2.999.1.

Examples The example in illustrates the usage of EAT media types for transporting attestation evidence as well as negotiating the acceptable format of the attestation result.

Example REST Verification API (request)

The example in illustrates the usage of EAT media types for transporting attestation results.

Example REST Verification API (response)

In both cases, a tag URI identifying the profile is carried as an explicit parameter.

Security Considerations Media types only provide clues to the processing application. The application must verify that the received data matches the expected format, regardless of the advertised media type, and stop further processing on failure. Failing to do so could expose the user to security risks, such as privilege escalation and cross-protocol attacks. The security considerations of and apply in full. When using application/eat-ucs+json and application/eat-ucs+cbor in particular, the reader should review , which contains a detailed discussion about the characteristics of a "Secure Channel" for conveyance of such messages.

IANA Considerations

+cwt Structured Syntax Suffix IANA has registered +cwt in the "Structured Syntax Suffixes" registry in the manner described in . +cwt can be used to indicate that the media type is encoded as a CWT.

Registry Contents

Name:

CBOR Web Token (CWT)

+suffix:

+cwt

References:

Encoding Considerations:

binary

Interoperability Considerations:

N/A

Fragment Identifier Considerations:

The syntax and semantics of fragment identifiers specified for +cwt SHOULD be as specified for application/cwt. (At the time of publication, there is no fragment identification syntax defined for application/cwt.)

Security Considerations:

See

Contact:

RATS WG mailing list (rats@ietf.org), or IETF Security Area (saag@ietf.org)

Author/Change Controller:

Remote ATtestation ProcedureS (RATS) Working Group. The IETF has change control over this registration.

Media Types IANA has registered the following media types in the "Media Types" registry . New Media Types

Name	Template	Reference
EAT CWT	application/eat+cwt	RFC 9782,
EAT JWT	application/eat+jwt	RFC 9782,
Detached EAT Bundle CBOR	application/eat-bun+cbor	RFC 9782,
Detached EAT Bundle JSON	application/eat-bun+json	RFC 9782,
EAT UCCS	application/eat-ucs+cbor	RFC 9782,
EAT UJCS	application/eat-ucs+json	RFC 9782,

application/eat+cwt Registration

Type name:

application

Subtype name:

eat+cwt

Required parameters:

N/A

Optional parameters:

"eat_profile" (EAT profile in string format. OIDs must use the dotted-decimal notation. The parameter value is case insensitive.)

Encoding considerations:

binary

Security considerations:

Interoperability considerations:

N/A

Published specification:

RFC 9782

Applications that use this media type:

Attesters, Verifiers, Endorsers and Reference-Value providers, and Relying Parties that need to transfer EAT payloads over HTTP(S), CoAP(S), and other transports.

Fragment identifier considerations:

N/A

Person & email address to contact for further information:

RATS WG mailing list (rats@ietf.org)

Intended usage:

COMMON

Restrictions on usage:

none

Author/Change controller:

IETF

Provisional registration:

no

application/eat+jwt Registration

Type name:

application

Subtype name:

eat+jwt

Required parameters:

N/A

Optional parameters:

"eat_profile" (EAT profile in string format. OIDs must use the dotted-decimal notation. The parameter value is case insensitive.)

Encoding considerations:

8bit

Security considerations:

and

Interoperability considerations:

N/A

Published specification:

RFC 9782

Applications that use this media type:

Attesters, Verifiers, Endorsers and Reference-Value providers, and Relying Parties that need to transfer EAT payloads over HTTP(S), CoAP(S), and other transports.

Fragment identifier considerations:

N/A

Person & email address to contact for further information:

RATS WG mailing list (rats@ietf.org)

Intended usage:

COMMON

Restrictions on usage:

none

Author/Change controller:

IETF

Provisional registration:

no

application/eat-bun+cbor Registration

Type name:

application

Subtype name:

eat-bun+cbor

Required parameters:

N/A

Optional parameters:

"eat_profile" (EAT profile in string format. OIDs must use the dotted-decimal notation. The parameter value is case insensitive.)

Encoding considerations:

binary

Security considerations:

Interoperability considerations:

N/A

Published specification:

RFC 9782

Applications that use this media type:

Attesters, Verifiers, Endorsers and Reference-Value providers, and Relying Parties that need to transfer EAT payloads over HTTP(S), CoAP(S), and other transports.

Fragment identifier considerations:

N/A

Person & email address to contact for further information:

RATS WG mailing list (rats@ietf.org)

Intended usage:

COMMON

Restrictions on usage:

none

Author/Change controller:

IETF

Provisional registration:

no

application/eat-bun+json Registration

Type name:

application

Subtype name:

eat-bun+json

Required parameters:

N/A

Optional parameters:

"eat_profile" (EAT profile in string format. OIDs must use the dotted-decimal notation. The parameter value is case insensitive.)

Encoding considerations:

Same as

Security considerations:

Interoperability considerations:

N/A

Published specification:

RFC 9782

Applications that use this media type:

Attesters, Verifiers, Endorsers and Reference-Value providers, and Relying Parties that need to transfer EAT payloads over HTTP(S), CoAP(S), and other transports.

Fragment identifier considerations:

N/A

Person & email address to contact for further information:

RATS WG mailing list (rats@ietf.org)

Intended usage:

COMMON

Restrictions on usage:

none

Author/Change controller:

IETF

Provisional registration:

no

application/eat-ucs+cbor Registration

Type name:

application

Subtype name:

eat-ucs+cbor

Required parameters:

N/A

Optional parameters:

"eat_profile" (EAT profile in string format. OIDs must use the dotted-decimal notation. The parameter value is case insensitive.)

Encoding considerations:

binary

Security considerations:

Sections and of

Interoperability considerations:

N/A

Published specification:

RFC 9782

Applications that use this media type:

Attesters, Verifiers, Endorsers and Reference-Value providers, and Relying Parties that need to transfer EAT payloads over HTTP(S), CoAP(S), and other transports.

Fragment identifier considerations:

N/A

Person & email address to contact for further information:

RATS WG mailing list (rats@ietf.org)

Intended usage:

COMMON

Restrictions on usage:

none

Author/Change controller:

IETF

Provisional registration:

no

application/eat-ucs+json Registration

Type name:

application

Subtype name:

eat-ucs+json

Required parameters:

N/A

Optional parameters:

"eat_profile" (EAT profile in string format. OIDs must use the dotted-decimal notation. The parameter value is case insensitive.)

Encoding considerations:

Same as

Security considerations:

Sections and of

Interoperability considerations:

N/A

Published specification:

RFC 9782

Applications that use this media type:

Attesters, Verifiers, Endorsers and Reference-Value providers, and Relying Parties that need to transfer EAT payloads over HTTP(S), CoAP(S), and other transports.

Fragment identifier considerations:

N/A

Person & email address to contact for further information:

RATS WG mailing list (rats@ietf.org)

Intended usage:

COMMON

Restrictions on usage:

none

Author/Change controller:

IETF

Provisional registration:

no

CoAP Content-Format Registrations IANA has registered the following Content-Format numbers in the "CoAP Content-Formats" registry, within the "Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Parameters" registry group : New Content-Formats

Content Type	Content Coding	ID	Reference
application/eat+cwt	-	263	RFC 9782
application/eat+jwt	-	264	RFC 9782
application/eat-bun+cbor	-	265	RFC 9782
application/eat-bun+json	-	266	RFC 9782
application/eat-ucs+cbor	-	267	RFC 9781
application/eat-ucs+json	-	268	RFC 9782

References Normative References Security Theory LLC Mediatek USA Red Hound Software, Inc. Fraunhofer SIT Qualcomm Technologies Inc. Cisco Systems Universität Bremen TZI IANA IANA IANA Informative References

Acknowledgments Thank you , , , , , , , , , , , , , and for your comments and suggestions.