Flatten a List of Lists in Python

Flattening a list of lists means turning a nested list structure into a single flat list. This can be useful when we need to process or analyze the data in a simpler format. In this article, we will explore various approaches to Flatten a list of Lists in Python.

Using itertools.chain

itertools module provides a function called chain which can be used to flatten the list of lists. It is very efficient for large datasets.

import itertools
# Given a list of lists
a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7]]
# Using itertools.chain to flatten the list
b = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(a))
print(b)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

There are various other ways to Flatten a List of Lists in Python.

Using numpy.concatenate

If we are dealing with numeric data, the numpy library provides a very efficient way to flatten lists using concatenate.

import numpy as np
# Given a list of lists
a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7]]
# Using numpy.concatenate to flatten the list
b = np.concatenate(a).tolist()
print(b)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Using functools.reduce

reduce() function from the functools module can also be used to flatten a list by applying a function that concatenates lists together.

from functools import reduce
# Given a list of lists
a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7]]
# Using reduce to flatten the list
b = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, a)
print(b)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Using List Comprehension

List comprehension is a more way to flatten the list. It condenses the same logic of for loop into a single line.

# Given a list of lists
a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7]]
# Using list comprehension to flatten the list
b = [item for sublist in a for item in sublist]
print(b)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Using sum() Function

sum() function can be used to flatten a list of lists. It works by starting with an empty list and adding each sublist to it.

a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7]]
# Using sum to flatten the list
b = sum(a, [])
print(b)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Using For Loop

The most basic way to flatten a list of lists is by using a simple for loop. We loop over each sublist inside the main list and append each item to a new list.

a = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7]]
# Flattening the list using a for loop
b = []
for sublist in a:
    for item in sublist:
        b.append(item)
print(b)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]