Different Input and Output Techniques in Python3

An article describing basic Input and output techniques that we use while coding in python.

Input Techniques

1. Taking input using input() function -> this function by default takes string as input. 

Example:

#For string
str = input()
# For integers
n = int(input())
# For floating or decimal numbers
n = float(input())

2. Taking Multiple Inputs: Multiple inputs in Python can be taken with the help of the map() and split() methods. The split() method splits the space-separated inputs and returns an iterable whereas when this function is used with the map() function it can convert the inputs to float and int accordingly.

Example:

# For Strings
x, y = input().split()
# For integers and floating point
# numbers
m, n = map(int, input().split()) 
m, n = map(float, input().split())

3. Taking input as a list or tuple: For this, the split() and map() functions can be used. As these functions return an iterable we can convert the given iterable to the list, tuple, or set accordingly.

Example:

# For Input - 4 5 6 1 56 21 
# (Space separated inputs)
n = list(map(int, input().split()))
print(n)

Output:

[4, 5, 6, 1, 56, 21]

4. Taking Fixed and variable numbers of input: 

# Input: geeksforgeeks 2 0 2 0
str, *lst = input().split()
lst = list(map(int, lst))
print(str, lst)

Output:

geeksforgeeks [2, 0, 2, 0]

Output Techniques

1. Output on a different line: print() method is used in python for printing to the console.

Example:

lst = ['geeks', 'for', 'geeks']
for i in lst:
    print(i)

Output:

geeks
for
geeks

2. Output on the same line: end parameter in Python can be used to print on the same line.

Example 1:

lst = ['geeks', 'for', 'geeks']
for i in lst:
    print(i, end='')

Output:

geeksforgeeks

Example 2: Printing with space.

lst = ['geeks', 'for', 'geeks']
for i in lst:
    print(i,end=' ')

Output:

geeks for geeks

3. Output Formatting: If you want to format your output then you can do it with {} and format() function. {} is a placeholder for a variable that is provided in the format() like we have %d in C programming.

Example:

print('I love {}'.format('geeksforgeeks.'))
print("I love {0} {1}".format('Python', 'programming.')

Output:

I love geeksforgeeks.
I love Python programming.

Note: For Formatting the integers or floating numbers the original method can be used in the {}. like '{%5.2f}' or with the numbers, we can write it as '{0:5.2f}'. We can also use the string module '%' operator to format our output.

4. Output using f strings: 

val = "Hello"
print(f"{val} World!!!")