This appeal concerns the right of internet users to speak anonymously. Plaintiffs are attempting to require Reddit to reveal information about specific users who discussed downloading copyrighted material, on the theory that they may have evidence relevant to Plaintiffs’ copyright claims against an ISP. EFF’s amicus brief urges Ninth Circuit Court of appeals to uphold the district court’s decision. As we explain, the First Amendment provides strong protections for anonymous speech, including discussions about controversial or illegal activity, and that online speakers cannot be unmasked unless the party seeking to identify them can meet a heightened standard. Based on a stray remark from the district court judge in this case, Plaintiffs argue that copyright litigation is an exception to this rule. In fact, their theory is legally baseless. The Reddit users’ discussion of downloading copyrighted material is deserving of full First Amendment protections and Plaintiffs’ subpoena must overcome the robust test courts have adopted to unmask third-party anonymous speakers.