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Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship 1st Edition

4.7 out of 5 stars 6,636 ratings

Even bad code can function. But if code isn’t clean, it can bring a development organization to its knees. Every year, countless hours and significant resources are lost because of poorly written code. But it doesn’t have to be that way.

Noted software expert Robert C. Martin, presents a revolutionary paradigm with
Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship. Martin, who has helped bring agile principles from a practitioner’s point of view to tens of thousands of programmers, has teamed up with his colleagues from Object Mentor to distill their best agile practice of cleaning code “on the fly” into a book that will instill within you the values of software craftsman, and make you a better programmer―but only if you work at it.

What kind of work will you be doing? You’ll be reading code―lots of code. And you will be challenged to think about what’s right about that code, and what’s wrong with it. More importantly you will be challenged to reassess your professional values and your commitment to your craft.

Clean Codeis divided into three parts. The first describes the principles, patterns, and practices of writing clean code. The second part consists of several case studies of increasing complexity. Each case study is an exercise in cleaning up code―of transforming a code base that has some problems into one that is sound and efficient. The third part is the payoff: a single chapter containing a list of heuristics and “smells” gathered while creating the case studies. The result is a knowledge base that describes the way we think when we write, read, and clean code.

Readers will come away from this book understanding
  • How to tell the difference between good and bad code
  • How to write good code and how to transform bad code into good code
  • How to create good names, good functions, good objects, and good classes
  • How to format code for maximum readability
  • How to implement complete error handling without obscuring code logic
  • How to unit test and practice test-driven development
  • What “smells” and heuristics can help you identify bad code
This book is a must for any developer, software engineer, project manager, team lead, or systems analyst with an interest in producing better code.

There is a newer edition of this item:

Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship (Robert C. Martin Series)
$59.99
This title will be released on October 22, 2025.

From the brand


From the Publisher

Clean Architecture cover

From the Preface of "Clean Architecture"

“…The rules of software architecture are the rules of ordering and assembling the building blocks of programs. And since those building blocks are universal and haven’t changed, the rules for ordering them are likewise universal and changeless.

But one thing has changed: Back then, we didn’t know what the rules were. Consequently, we broke them, over and over again. Now, with half a century of experience behind us, we have a grasp of those rules.

And it is those rules—those timeless, changeless, rules—that this book is all about.”

— Robert C. "Uncle Bob" Martin

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Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship
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The Clean Code: Practical Advices for the Professional Programmer
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Clean Craftsmanship: Desciplines, Standards, and Ethics
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Clean Agile: Back to Basics
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Clean Architecture: A Craftsman's Guide to Software Structure and Design
Customer Reviews
4.7 out of 5 stars 6,636
4.6 out of 5 stars 2,243
4.5 out of 5 stars 188
4.6 out of 5 stars 614
4.6 out of 5 stars 3,877
Price no data $44.29 $54.99 $38.76 $33.90
Best agile practices of cleaning code “on the fly” Software Craftsmanship. Endure and succeed amidst swirling uncertainty and nonstop pressure. Picks up where Clean Code leaves off, outlining additional ways to write quality and trusted code you can be proud of every day. A clear and concise guide to basic Agile values and principles. Perfect for those new to Agile methods and long-time developers who want to simplify approaches for the better. Direct, no-nonsense answers to key architecture and design questions.
"It is the best pragmatic application of Lean principles to software I have ever seen in print." —James O. Coplien, Founder of the Pasteur Organizational Patterns project “Some technical books inspire and teach; some delight and amuse. Rarely does a technical book do all four of these things.” — George Bullock ". . . [A] timely and humble reminder of the ever-increasing complexity of our programmatic world and how we owe it to the legacy of humankind--and to ourselves--to practice ethical development.” — Stacia Heimgartner Viscardi, CST & Agile Mentor “What is in the world of Agile development is nothing compared to what could be. This book is Bob’s perspective on what to focus on to get to that ‘what could be.’ And he’s been there, so it’s worth listening.” — Kent Beck "A good architecture comes from understanding it more as a journey than as a destination, more as an ongoing process of enquiry than as a frozen artifact." — Kevlin Henney
Clean Craftsmanship Cover

Pick Up Where Clean Code Leaves Off

"As software developers, we have to continually solve important problems for our employers, customers, colleagues, and future selves. Getting the app to work, though difficult, is not enough, it does not make you a craftsman. With an app working, you have passed the app-titude test. You may have the aptitude to be a craftsman, but there is more to master. In these pages, Bob expresses clearly the techniques and responsibilities to go beyond the app-titude test and shows the way of the serious software craftsman."

James Grenning, author of Test-Driven Development for Embedded C and Agile Manifesto co-author

Editorial Reviews

From the Back Cover

Even bad code can function. But if code isn't clean, it can bring a development organization to its knees. Every year, countless hours and significant resources are lost because of poorly written code. But it doesn't have to be that way.

Noted software expert Robert C. Martin presents a revolutionary paradigm with
Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship. Martin has teamed up with his colleagues from Object Mentor to distill their best agile practice of cleaning code “on the fly” into a book that will instill within you the values of a software craftsman and make you a better programmer―but only if you work at it.

What kind of work will you be doing? You'll be reading code―lots of code. And you will be challenged to think about what's right about that code, and what's wrong with it. More importantly, you will be challenged to reassess your professional values and your commitment to your craft.

Clean Code is divided into three parts. The first describes the principles, patterns, and practices of writing clean code. The second part consists of several case studies of increasing complexity. Each case study is an exercise in cleaning up code―of transforming a code base that has some problems into one that is sound and efficient. The third part is the payoff: a single chapter containing a list of heuristics and “smells” gathered while creating the case studies. The result is a knowledge base that describes the way we think when we write, read, and clean code.

Readers will come away from this book understanding
  • How to tell the difference between good and bad code
  • How to write good code and how to transform bad code into good code
  • How to create good names, good functions, good objects, and good classes
  • How to format code for maximum readability
  • How to implement complete error handling without obscuring code logic
  • How to unit test and practice test-driven development
This book is a must for any developer, software engineer, project manager, team lead, or systems analyst with an interest in producing better code.

About the Author

Robert C. “Uncle Bob” Martin has been a software professional since 1970 and an international software consultant since 1990. He is founder and president of Object Mentor, Inc., a team of experienced consultants who mentor their clients worldwide in the fields of C++, Java, C#, Ruby, OO, Design Patterns, UML, Agile Methodologies, and eXtreme programming.

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ 0132350882
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Pearson
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ August 1, 2008
  • Edition ‏ : ‎ 1st
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 464 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9780132350884
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0132350884
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.73 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7 x 0.89 x 9.25 inches
  • Part of series ‏ : ‎ Robert C. Martin Series
  • Best Sellers Rank: #15,614 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.7 out of 5 stars 6,636 ratings

About the authors

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Customer reviews

4.7 out of 5 stars
6,636 global ratings

Customers say

Customers find this book highly informative and consider it a must-read for modern software developers. The book provides thorough examples of refactoring code, making it easy to read and understand, and helps customers become better programmers. They appreciate its detailed examples, particularly those in Java, and consider it worth the cost.

126 customers mention "Knowledge level"116 positive10 negative

Customers find the book highly informative, providing good principles and excellent advice, with one customer noting it offers great tips with context.

"Still reading but has proven to be an amazing resource if your are serious about writing clean readable code." Read more

"Great writing, with clear examples and explanations...." Read more

"...Excellent, informative material here." Read more

"It is a well written book of good advice...." Read more

91 customers mention "Software developer"90 positive1 negative

Customers praise this book as a must-read for modern software developers, providing guidance for both new and experienced programmers on how to better engineer software.

"This is a critical thinkers book. It gives the reader a basis to use within their own programming style and language of choice...." Read more

"A must read book for a software developer. The naming conventions chapter alone is worth the price of the book" Read more

"Amazing book for any software developer. It hits a wide variety of ways to keep code clean from 1 line all the way to big picture system design." Read more

"Excellent book on modern day development practices. Various authors brought forward great thoughts...." Read more

76 customers mention "Code quality"66 positive10 negative

Customers appreciate the book's focus on code quality, as it clearly explains why clean code is important and provides several thorough examples of refactoring.

"...delves into the principles and best practices of writing clean, maintainable code, making life easier for developers and ensuring that software..." Read more

"Clean Code is a well-written book by Robert Martin and a few colleagues, explaining their take on the best way to write computer code...." Read more

"It really changed my mind on what good code is..." Read more

"...We also learn designs, patterns, good coding practices, and many more. We don't usually spend time to learn how to write a good, readable code...." Read more

75 customers mention "Writing quality"70 positive5 negative

Customers praise the book's writing quality, describing it as an extraordinary guide to writing code well and making them more aware of their coding practices.

"...Still, I consider it an essential read. Well written, extremely knowledgeable, full of clearly explained examples...." Read more

"well written book, just what i needed for my course." Read more

"Great writing, with clear examples and explanations...." Read more

"...The book is well written, easy to follow, and provides a plethora of examples to reinforce the authors point." Read more

64 customers mention "Readability"46 positive18 negative

Customers find the book easy to read and understand, noting that it significantly improves code readability and makes it easier to edit and maintain.

"...They mention various attributes of good code such as easy to read, efficient, DRY, focused, literate, minimal, error handling and warn of bad code..." Read more

"...a great collection of best coding practices where well organized, readable code that follows "good coding practices" is desired but no one around..." Read more

"Just a bunch of Java tightly compacted on half a page and difficult to read. No indentation in my copy, impossible to read." Read more

"...The book is well written, easy to follow, and provides a plethora of examples to reinforce the authors point." Read more

19 customers mention "Value for money"16 positive3 negative

Customers find the book worth the cost, with one mentioning that the chapters with case studies are invaluable.

"Good price" Read more

"...then "Clean Code" is probably worth a skim, but it is by no means the book I had hoped it would be." Read more

"...It is a quick read and well worth your time." Read more

"New book great price...shipped quickly Would purchase from again" Read more

17 customers mention "Insight"15 positive2 negative

Customers find the book insightful, with one customer noting it's not just theory but provides reasoning, while another describes it as a collection of common sense and wisdom.

"Important insights and guidance from someone who really understand what he is talking about. Every developer should read this book." Read more

"...Even as an experienced software developer I found this book to be insightful...." Read more

"The concepts are good, but it excessively wordy. Something that can stated and illustrated in 10 lines, he says that same thing in 500 lines...." Read more

"This is a good book. Love the philosophy and love all the best practices. It helps me a lot in forming good habits. Love the book." Read more

15 customers mention "Encyclopedia content"11 positive4 negative

Customers appreciate the detailed examples in the book, though they note that the examples are all in Java.

"Great writing, with clear examples and explanations...." Read more

"Well written and covers many topics with realistic examples" Read more

"...But there is no concrete examples...." Read more

"...The book is very clear on the concepts and explanations, has a lot of examples and is written by Robert Martin !..." Read more

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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on December 29, 2015
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    As CTO of a software company I co-founded, I'm not only looking for books that help me improve individually, but also books that the whole development team – from developers to architects – may find useful. Robert C. Martin’s Clean Code does both, and, like the good code described therein, it’s well written, clear, and easy to read. Martin includes many helpful examples and his suggestions are applicable to any programming language.

    Ideally, each developer takes charge of their own education and is constantly improving their skillset, an aspect that Martin covers in The Clean Coder. I view it as an important part of my job to help my team improve. To do so, I distill a lot of written material down to actionable components and provide that to my development team. Concepts from Clean Code have become very helpful guides for them. Below are a few of my favorite takeaways.

    The first is what Martin calls The Boy Scout Rule: “Leave the campground a little cleaner than you found it.” It’s a great concept, not only because it's simple to follow, but also because it has broad applicability and can be used on any project. Essentially, when a team member works on a piece of code, they should aim to improve it somehow by the time their task is finished. A few examples of this among many are: fixing an unclear variable name, breaking up a large function into smaller functions, or cleaning up a conditional for improved clarity. With everyone on the team doing this, the code improves over time and everyone feels responsible for the code whether they wrote it personally or not. Even if something can’t be addressed immediately, developers are encouraged to log the issues they see.

    Another of my favorite takeaways is the Three Laws of TDD, a concept I was able to quickly roll out to the team as a framework to follow for how TDD should be conducted on a project. This virtually ensures that all of your product code has test coverage. It also helps make most of your code SOLID (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID_%28object-oriented_design%29), since code that is built in this fashion is structured with SOLID concepts in mind. This is a must for effective testing.

    Finally, the topics of proper identifier names and commenting really resonated with me and my team. In our company, we tend to “adopt” existing codebases – projects that have already been started by other developers whose code is of widely varying quality. If we're lucky, it's structured well and demonstrates best practices and approaches in how it's constructed. Unfortunately, the code is sloppy at times and requires some TLC to get it in shape. A part of that process is understanding what the existing application does. As Clean Code correctly outlines, many comments are superfluous or even plain wrong and misleading. As a team, we don’t blindly trust the accuracy of existing comments and instead go right to the application’s code to determine what it does. This is where proper naming comes into play. With good names, the code reads like comments or as a narrative of what the application does, nullifying most needs for additional commenting. Simply put, the code comments itself. We also use refactoring tools to improve names and clean up comments as we go. Of course, by doing so, we’re also applying the Boy Scout Rule.

    Overall, Clean Code is a wonderful book with much useful and immediately-applicable information for developers of all levels. If you're looking for a book that will help make you a better developer, this will.
    33 people found this helpful
    Report
  • Reviewed in the United States on September 16, 2017
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    As part of our learning activities, we learn quite a few programming languages. We also learn designs, patterns, good coding practices, and many more. We don't usually spend time to learn how to write a good, readable code. The relevance of this book is enormous. Not just the programmers should read it, the education providers should also read it. In fact, the education providers should plan to include this in their curriculum associated with every programming languages.

    I started reading this book and finished it in almost three consecutive sittings. That way, the book is well structured, and the topics are well sequenced. The author cautioned at the beginning of the book that it is not for the armchair readers. The reader should spend adequate effort to read through the code examples, think through those, and try out some of those through self scribbling. This is indeed necessary for the coders. This is also necessary for the instructors of coding, or programming languages. I chose to skim through the examples with just enough thinking while paying attention to every detail of the English text. Such speed reading worked for me too. Such reading technique should work for all who are not into direct coding today, but was a programmer once upon a time, and spends a lot of time in conversing with the programmers nowadays.

    Coming back to the content of the book - this was quite informative and thought provoking. I read it fully and tried to jot down my takeaways from this book reading. I have got six of them.

    I learned the general rules for commenting, and summarized those in four points. I learned the general rules for code formatting, and summarized those in four points. I learned the general practice of code size - for a significant system, for a code file, for a typical function. I learned the general rules of organizing concepts and variables, and summarized those in five points. In fact, the definition of concepts was itself was a new learning for me. I learned the three laws of test driven development, rather I re-learned those once more while reading this book. Finally, I jotted down the final takeaway - leave the code cleaner than what you had started with.

    The book is full of good references, in fact at the end of every chapter. I tried to summarize the list of further readings, and I got another five book titles listed in my to-read list. I read it on my Kindle device, and on my desktop using Amazon Cloud Reader - the formatting was good.

    As coders, we all have the responsibility to leave the code cleaner than what we start with. As code reviewers, we all have the responsibility to comment on the cleanliness of the codes. As the supervisor or manager of coders, we all have the responsibility to communicate the importance of clean coding and to encourage coders towards clean coding. I will recommend to all these group of people to read this book, and practice the clean coding techniques described here.

    Good work indeed!
    7 people found this helpful
    Report
  • Reviewed in the United States on July 20, 2025
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Masterpiece that every Developer, Engineering Manager, Agile Coache, Scrum Master serious about their profession should read. Nothing comparable.
  • Reviewed in the United States on January 25, 2025
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    It’s like having a masterclass in your hands. This book delves into the principles and best practices of writing clean, maintainable code, making life easier for developers and ensuring that software remains robust and scalable. Pairing that with Agile methodologies, it offers practical insights into creating a seamless workflow, emphasizing collaboration, flexibility, and iterative progress. It’s a must-have for anyone serious about honing their coding skills and mastering the art of efficient, high-quality software development.
    One person found this helpful
    Report
  • Reviewed in the United States on August 21, 2025
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    It shows some good examples

Top reviews from other countries

Translate all reviews to English
  • Alexander E.
    5.0 out of 5 stars Hat mir persönlich sehr gut gefallen
    Reviewed in Germany on April 13, 2025
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Ein Muss für jeden, der besser programmieren will – nicht nur für Anfänger

    „Clean Code“ hat mir persönlich sehr gut gefallen und ich würde es jedem empfehlen, der sich ernsthaft mit Softwareentwicklung beschäftigt – egal ob Anfänger oder erfahrener Entwickler.

    Als Ergänzung beim Programmieren lernen:
    Gerade wenn man neu ins Programmieren einsteigt, ist das Buch eine perfekte Ergänzung, weil es nicht nur zeigt, was man programmieren soll, sondern wie man es sauber und verständlich macht. Es geht weit über Syntax und Sprache hinaus und behandelt die Prinzipien guten Codes – etwas, das in vielen Kursen oft zu kurz kommt.

    Auch für Fortgeschrittene absolut lesenswert:
    Auch wenn man schon programmieren kann, lohnt sich die Lektüre. Das Buch hilft, schlechte Angewohnheiten zu erkennen und zu reflektieren, die sich im Laufe der Zeit eingeschlichen haben. Es geht dabei nicht um theoretische Regeln, sondern um praktische, nachvollziehbare Beispiele und konkrete Tipps, die man direkt umsetzen kann.

    Fazit:
    „Clean Code“ sollte jeder Programmierer kennen und gelesen haben. Es hat mir geholfen, meinen Code strukturierter, lesbarer und verständlicher zu schreiben – was nicht nur mir, sondern auch meinen Kollegen zugutekommt. Absolute Empfehlung für alle, die sauberen, wartbaren Code schreiben wollen – ein echter Klassiker der Softwareentwicklung.
    Report
  • Tones
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great for beginners dealing with legacy code
    Reviewed in Australia on June 30, 2023
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    This book focuses primarily on writing software on the assumption that you're using a fully fledged OOP language. It also discusses things that could be compromised on and what absolutely shouldn't when you're time constrained.

    Use it as a guideline but don't follow it religiously. There are modern concepts that have diverged from some of the practices used in this book and for very good reason. However, if you're writing in C++, C#, or Java, then the majority of this book still applies.
  • Cynthia
    5.0 out of 5 stars Excelente libro
    Reviewed in Mexico on September 11, 2025
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Excelente libro
  • Steven Gilham
    5.0 out of 5 stars Does what it says on the tin
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on May 3, 2009
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Every so often, a book comes along that codifies best practice in a way that manages to illuminate the path from where things are right now, to a better place that we'd rather be -- things like Fowler et al. Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code (Object Technology Series) or the Gang of Four Design patterns : elements of reusable object-oriented software. This is one of those books. And if much of the material is the sort that seems obvious in hindsight -- well, that is the mark of a well written book, to make the concepts that clear.

    Taking a series of real world examples -- open source projects with significant user bases, including FitNesse and JUnit -- a series of worked examples take us from good, or at least adequate, code, to a form which is better factored, and easier to read, with the steps along the way clearly marked. Yes, even some of Kent Beck's code is put under the microscope, and carefully polished that extra stage or two more.

    The reader is cautioned that, without working long hours to follow these examples, this will be just another of those feel-good books. I don't quite agree -- spending just a little time to follow the transformations, and then reflecting on one's own outpourings should be enough to make this a feel-bad book. All the sins from obscurely named variables to sprawling functions that gaily mix abstraction levels, we've all done them (especially programming in FORTRAN on minicomputers with slow stacks and a rule of thumb that 1 call ~ 40 loc in terms of performance).

    The maxim to take from the book is based on Baden-Powell's "Try and leave this world a little better than you found it", and owes to the same school of thought as "whenever you are in the garden, pull at least one weed". The meat of the book is in distinguishing what are the weeds from the intended crop.

    So read it, understand the examples, and then refer to it often -- like the other titles mentioned, it is a reference work, and should join them as among the most thumbed on your bookshelf.
  • Cliente Amazon
    5.0 out of 5 stars For software artisans with love ❤️
    Reviewed in Italy on January 28, 2025
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Un libro che ti apre la mente. Se anche tu come artigiano del software vuoi migliorare il tuo codice e la tua capacità progettuale, in termini di efficienza, manutenibilità e organizzazione del codice, questo libro fa al caso tuo.