CARVIEW |
Select Language
HTTP/2 301
content-length: 162
content-type: text/html
date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 02:10:55 GMT
location: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Form_must_be_one_of
server: nginx
strict-transport-security: max-age=60; includeSubDomains
via: 1.1 google
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
HTTP/2 200
content-type: text/html
x-guploader-uploadid: AAwnv3IvsZhR4XHCoHoOfca7D5gMB9pr-eWq0wkV2eMk1ZGpnxeyNvOlotbGWwoOwEFU1_48
cache-control: public, max-age=3600
expires: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 03:10:55 GMT
last-modified: Tue, 14 Oct 2025 01:09:01 GMT
etag: W/"46841f9b7fbe8cd82884451cefed2762"
x-goog-generation: 1760404141577935
x-goog-metageneration: 1
x-goog-stored-content-encoding: identity
x-goog-stored-content-length: 175819
x-goog-meta-goog-reserved-file-mtime: 1760402574
x-goog-hash: crc32c=r5ElhA==, md5=RoQfm3++jNgohEUc7+0nYg==
x-goog-storage-class: STANDARD
accept-ranges: none
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
alt-svc: clear
referrer-policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
x-content-type-options: nosniff
strict-transport-security: max-age=63072000
content-security-policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'report-sample' 'self' 'wasm-unsafe-eval' https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js assets.codepen.io production-assets.codepen.io https://js.stripe.com 'sha256-XNBp89FG76amD8BqrJzyflxOF9PaWPqPqvJfKZPCv7M=' 'sha256-YCNoU9DNiinACbd8n6UPyB/8vj0kXvhkOni9/06SuYw=' 'sha256-PZjP7OR6mBEtnvXIZfCZ5PuOlxoDF1LDZL8aj8c42rw='; script-src-elem 'report-sample' 'self' 'wasm-unsafe-eval' https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js assets.codepen.io production-assets.codepen.io https://js.stripe.com 'sha256-XNBp89FG76amD8BqrJzyflxOF9PaWPqPqvJfKZPCv7M=' 'sha256-YCNoU9DNiinACbd8n6UPyB/8vj0kXvhkOni9/06SuYw=' 'sha256-PZjP7OR6mBEtnvXIZfCZ5PuOlxoDF1LDZL8aj8c42rw='; style-src 'report-sample' 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self'; connect-src 'self' developer.allizom.org bcd.developer.allizom.org bcd.developer.mozilla.org updates.developer.allizom.org updates.developer.mozilla.org https://*.google-analytics.com https://*.analytics.google.com https://*.googletagmanager.com https://incoming.telemetry.mozilla.org https://observatory-api.mdn.allizom.net https://observatory-api.mdn.mozilla.net https://api.github.com/search/issues stats.g.doubleclick.net https://api.stripe.com; font-src 'self'; frame-src 'self' interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net interactive-examples.mdn.allizom.net mdn.github.io live-samples.mdn.mozilla.net live-samples.mdn.allizom.net *.mdnplay.dev *.mdnyalp.dev *.play.test.mdn.allizom.net https://v2.scrimba.com https://scrimba.com jsfiddle.net www.youtube-nocookie.com codepen.io survey.alchemer.com https://js.stripe.com; img-src 'self' data: *.githubusercontent.com *.googleusercontent.com *.gravatar.com mozillausercontent.com firefoxusercontent.com profile.stage.mozaws.net profile.accounts.firefox.com developer.mozilla.org mdn.dev interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net interactive-examples.mdn.allizom.net wikipedia.org upload.wikimedia.org https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/ https://mdn.dev/ https://*.google-analytics.com https://*.googletagmanager.com www.gstatic.com; manifest-src 'self'; media-src 'self' archive.org videos.cdn.mozilla.net https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/; child-src 'self'; worker-src 'self';
x-frame-options: DENY
origin-trial: AxVILwizhbMjxFeHOn1P3R8niO1RJY/smaK4B4d1rLzc1gTaxtXMSaTi+FoigYgCw40uFRDwFcEAeqDR+vVLOW4AAABfeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL2RldmVsb3Blci5tb3ppbGxhLm9yZyIsImZlYXR1cmUiOiJQcml2YXRlQXR0cmlidXRpb25WMiIsImV4cGlyeSI6MTc0MjA3OTYwMH0=
x-cloud-trace-context: 3432827fd70c4a9085358efc643b9d2d
date: Wed, 15 Oct 2025 02:10:56 GMT
server: Google Frontend
via: 1.1 google
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-encoding: gzip
x-cache: miss
RangeError: form must be one of 'NFC', 'NFD', 'NFKC', or 'NFKD' - JavaScript | MDN
RangeError: form must be one of 'NFC', 'NFD', 'NFKC', or 'NFKD'
The JavaScript exception "form must be one of 'NFC', 'NFD', 'NFKC', or 'NFKD'" occurs when an unrecognized string is passed to the String.prototype.normalize()
method.
Message
RangeError: The normalization form should be one of NFC, NFD, NFKC, NFKD. (V8-based) RangeError: form must be one of 'NFC', 'NFD', 'NFKC', or 'NFKD' (Firefox) RangeError: argument does not match any normalization form (Safari)
Error type
RangeError
What went wrong?
The String.prototype.normalize()
method only accepts the following four values as its form
argument: "NFC"
, "NFD"
, "NFKC"
, or "NFKD"
. If you pass any other value, an error will be thrown. Read the reference of normalize()
to learn about different normalization forms.
Examples
>Invalid cases
js
"foo".normalize("nfc"); // RangeError
"foo".normalize(" NFC "); // RangeError
Valid cases
js
"foo".normalize("NFC"); // 'foo'