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O'Reilly Media -- Bookstore: HTML: The Definitive Guide
Index
Symbols
& (ampersand) for special characters, 24, 46
* (asterisk) option to <FRAMESET>, 287
" (double-quote), 163
= (equal sign) in tag attributes, 42
> (greater than), 24
# (hash mark), 164
for fragment identifiers (see fragment identifiers)
for RGB color values, 82
for special characters, 24, 99
in URLs, 29
< (less than), 24
<!-- --> tags, 21, 46
% (percent sign) for encoding form data, 232
+ (plus sign)
as encoded space characters, 232
in query URLs, 200
? (question mark)
encoding, 164
for query URLs, 200
; (semicolon) as parameter separator, 236
/ (slash) character
encoding, 164
in HTML tags, 20, 43
trailing, in URLs, 167
in URLs, 163
~ (tilde) character
encoding, 164
in http URLs, 167
Numbers
1 (UL TYPE value), 213
3D objects (see VRML)
80-character-width format, 95
A
A (UL TYPE value), 213
a (UL TYPE value), 213
<A> (anchor) tags, 28, 177-185
<IMG> tag within, 124
linking external files, 155
absbottom (IMG ALIGN value), 121
absmiddle (IMG ALIGN value), 121
absolute URLs, 27, 175-177
Acrobat, 157
ACTION attribute (<FORM> tag), 231
action buttons, 244-247
<ADDRESS> tags, 97
addresses, 97-98
Adobe Acrobat, 157
Adobe PostScript, 157
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), 2
AIFF audio format, 157
ALIGN attribute
<APPLET> tags, 150
<CAPTION> tags, 280
<DIV> tags, 57
in heading tags, 62
<HR> tags, 106
<IMG> tags, 119-124
<MARQUEE> tags, 144
<P> tags, 59
in table tags, 266, 272, 276
alignment
applets, 150
form elements, 255
graphics, 119-124
horizontal rules, 106
text
<CENTER> tags, 93
<DIV> tags, 57
heading tags, 62
<MARQUEE> tags, 144
<P> tags, 59
of table captions, 280
of table cell data, 265, 270-276
of tables, 266
ALINK attribute (<BODY> tag), 136
ALT (alternative text) attribute
<APPLET> tags, 150
<IMG> tags, 118
ampersand (&) for special characters, 24, 46
anchor <A> tags, 28
angle brackets <>, 24
animation of text, 143-146
anonymous FTP, obtaining browsers by, 14
<APPLET> tags, 149-155
applets, 147-155
applications, executable, 146-155
application/x-www-form-urlencoded type, 232
<AREA> tags, 193-196
ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), 2
asterisk (*) option to <FRAMESET>, 287
attributes, tag (see HTML attributes)
AU audio format, 142, 157
audio files, 141-142
with client-pull, 304
referencing, 156-157
authoring (see writing)
automation, document, 205-208
AVI movie format, 157
B
<B> (boldface) tags, 24, 74
background, 323
audio in, 141-142
color, 134
<MARQUEE> text, 145
in tables, 268, 273, 279
graphics, 134
freezing (no scrolling), 135
potential problems with, 139
BACKGROUND attribute (<BODY> tag), 134
bandwidth, 112
banners, moving (see animation of text)
<BASE> tags, 201-203, 296-298
<BASEFONT> tags, 78-83
baseline (IMG ALIGN value), 121
BEHAVIOR attribute (<MARQUEE> tag), 144
BGCOLOR attribute
<BODY> tags, 134
<MARQUEE> tags, 145
for table tags, 268, 273, 279
BGPROPERTIES attribute (<BODY> tag), 135
<BGSOUND> tags, 141
bibliographic citation (see <CITE> tags)
<BIG> (larger font) tags, 74
binary files, 6
<BLINK> (flashing text) tags, 74, 313
<BLOCKQUOTE> tags, 96
body content (see <BODY> tags)
<BODY> tags, 21, 41, 52, 133-138
multiple-body bug, 13
boilerplate documents, 312
boldface text, 24, 74
BORDER attribute
<IMG> tags, 124
<TABLE> tags, 268-269
BORDERCOLOR attribute, 268, 273, 279
BORDERCOLORDARK attribute, 268, 273, 279
BORDERCOLORLIGHT attribute, 268, 273, 279
borders, table, 265, 268
colors of, 268, 273, 279
bottom (see alignment)
<BR> (line break) tags, 25, 84-87
brackets <>, 24
Browse button, 240
browsers, web, 5, 11, 14
accessing newsgroups with, 172
binary files on, 6
executable applications, 146-155
forms and, 253-254
handling <TITLE> tags, 51
helper applications for, 156, 304
ignoring HTML tags, 44
incompatible
with applets, 153
with frames (see <NOFRAMES> tags)
with tables, 320
text-only, 5, 118
(see also Mosaic; Netscape Navigator)
bugs, 13
bullets, 112
alternative text for, 118
custom, 315
in lists (see unordered lists)
XBM format, 112
buttons
checkboxes, 242-243
checked by default (see CHECKED attribute)
custom image, 246
multiple in one form, 247
radio, 243-244
Reset, 246
Submit, 230, 245
C
<CAPTION> tags, 279-280
captions, 86
carriage returns, 248
(see line breaks; <P> tags; preformatted text; structural tags)
case sensitivity, 42, 167
CELLPADDING attribute (<TABLE> tag), 269
cells (see tables)
CELLSPACING attribute (<TABLE> tag), 269
<CENTER> tags, 93
centering (see alignment)
cgi-bin directory, 231
cgi-src directory, 256
character entities, 46, 361-365
checkboxes, 242-243
CHECKED attribute (<INPUT> tag), 242-243
circle (TYPE value), 211, 216
<CITE> (citation) tags, 68
CLEAR attribute (<BR> tag), 85
clickable image maps, 128
client-pull documents, 299, 301-306
non-HTML, 304
performance issues, 306
clients, 5
client-side image maps (see USEMAP attribute)
CODE attribute (<APPLET> tag), 151
<CODE> (software code) tags, 23, 68, 221
CODEBASE attribute (<APPLET> tag), 151
color, 133-141, 322-323, 367-369
background, 134
table rows, 273, 279
tables, 268
dithered, 323
GIF graphics and, 110
hyperlink, 136
JPEG graphics and, 111
<MARQUEE> text, 145
names for, 368-369
potential problems with, 139-141
RGB components for, 367
text, 136
colormaps, 322-323
COLS (columns) attribute
<FRAMESET> tags, 287-288
<TEXTAREA> tags, 249
COLSPAN (column span) attribute (<TD> and <TH> tags), 277-278
columns, frame (see frames)
columns, table (see tables)
<COMMENT> tags (Explorer), 45, 47
comments in HTML documents, 21, 46
Common Gateway Interface, 231
COMPACT attribute (for list tags), 211, 213, 221, 223, 225
compact lists (see COMPACT attribute)
CompuServe GIF (see GIF)
computer, address for (see IP)
connection bandwidth, 112
constant-width text (see <KBD> tags; <TT> tags; <VAR> tags)
CONTENT attribute (<META> tag), 206, 301
content-based style tags, 66-77
<CITE> (citation), 68
<CODE> (software code), 23, 68
<DFN> (definition), 23, 69
<EM> (emphasis), 23, 69
<KBD> (keyboard text), 23, 70
<SAMP> (literal text), 23, 70
<STRONG>, 23, 71
<VAR> (variable name text), 23, 71
Content-Disposition header, 233
Content-Type header, 233, 306
CONTROLS attribute (<IMG> tag), 131
coordinates, pixel, 190, 194
COORDS (coordinates) attribute (<AREA> tag), 194
cycling HTML documents, 303
D
d (FTP URL typecode), 170
data, table (see <TD> tags)
<DD> (definition) tags, 224, 226
default
form button values (see CHECKED attribute)
multiple-choice options (see SELECTED attribute)
MAXLENGTH value, 239
SIZE value, 239
text-entry field value, 239
definition <DFN> tags, 23, 69
definition lists, 223-226
delay, downloading (see graphics, downloading time)
<DFN> (definition) tags, 23, 69
dimensions
of multiline text-entry fields, 249
of graphics, 114, 125-127
<DIR> (directory list) tags, 220-221
<LI> tags in, 215
DIRECTION attribute (<MARQUEE> tag), 144
directories, 167, 176
cgi-bin directory, 231
cgi-src directory, 256
directory lists, 220-221
<LI> tags in, 215
disc (TYPE value), 211, 216
display region (see size)
dithering, 323
<DIV> (explicit division) tags, 56-57
<DL> (definition list) tags, 223-226
DNS (Domain Name Service), 165
document automation, 205-208
Document Type Definition (DTD) for HTML, 47, 347-360
Domain Name Service (see DNS)
domain names, 165
domains, 4, 163
downloading graphics (see graphics)
downloading time, 139, 148
<DT> (definition term) tags, 224-226
DTD for HTML, 47, 347-360
dynamic documents, 299-310
DYNSRC (dynamic source) attribute (<IMG> tag), 130
E
<EM> (emphasis) tags, 23, 69
embedding HTML tags, 19-20
emphasis <EM> tags, 23, 69
encoding
carriage return character, 248
form data, 232
special characters (see special characters)
encryption, forms and, 230
ENCTYPE attribute (<FORM> tag), 232-234
end tags, 20
entities, character (see character entities)
equal sign (=) in tag attributes, 42
etiquette on Internet, 4
example <XMP> tags, 95
executable applications, 146-155
explicit division <DIV> tags, 56-57
Explorer (see Internet Explorer)
extensions, HTML, 8, 11-13
external files, 155-158
F
file (TYPE attribute value), 240
file-selection fields, 240
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), URLs for, 169
file URLs, 170-171
files, 155-158, 166
first-level heading <H1> tags, 26, 61
flashing (blinking) text, 74
flood-filling, 126
flowing text (see text, flowing)
fonts (see text)
footers
horizontal rules with, 107
in tables, 266
<FORM> tags, 230-237
formats, sound, 142
formats, graphics, 108-112, 115
formatting HTML documents, 9
forms, 229-262
checkboxes in, 242-243
customized image buttons on, 246
encoding data from, 232
encrypting data from, 230
file-selection fields, 240
hidden fields in, 247-248
horizontal rules for, 107
improving layout of, 320-322
multiple-choice elements, 250-253
with nested tables, 321
POST and GET methods, 234
programming, 256-262
radio buttons in, 243-244
Reset buttons on, 246
Submit button, 230, 245
text-entry fields, 238-242
multiline, 248-250
user interface, 254-255
fragment identifiers, 167, 181, 184-185
<FRAME> tags, 284, 290-292
frames, 48, 283-298
columns/rows in, 287-288
margins for, 292
named targets, 285, 291, 294-298
prohibiting size changes, 291
scrollbars for, 292
staggered, 288
TARGET attribute (<A> tags), 183
<FRAMESET> tags, 284, 286-289
FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 14, 29
fully qualified domain names, 4
G
GET method, 234, 258-260
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), 108-111, 115, 156
GIF87, 110
GIF89a, 110, 323-324
giftrans utility, 324
Gopher, 29, 175
Gopher+, 175
graphics, 108-133, 158
alignment of, 119-124
background, 134-135, 139
bullets (see bullets)
captions for, 86
dimensions of, 114, 125-127
dithering, 323
downloading time, 112-116
flowing text around, 85, 121
as form buttons, 246
formats for, 108-112, 115, 156, 324
in headings, 65
horizontal/vertical space around, 127
as hyperlinks, 124, 128, 189
image maps, 128
interlacing, 110-111
real-time video with Refresh header, 304
referencing, 156-157
removing hyperlink border, 124
thumbnails, 126
transparency of, 110-111, 322-324
Graphics Interchange Format (see GIF)
greater than (>), 24
gutters
around applets, 153
around graphics, 127
around marquees, 146
H
<H1>, <H2>, ... (heading) tags, 26, 61-65
hash mark (#), 164
for RGB color values, 82
for special characters, 99
for fragment identifiers (see fragment identifiers)
<HEAD> (header) tags, 21, 41, 49-52
header cells in tables (see tables)
headers, 41, 49-52
Content-Disposition, 233
Content-Type, 203, 306
horizontal rules with, 107
Redirect, 304
Refresh, 301-304
in tables, 266
headings, 26, 61-65
allowed content with, 64
graphics in, 65
side, 318-320
straddling multiple columns, 317
HEIGHT attribute
<APPLET> tags, 152
<IMG> tags, 125-127
<MARQUEE> tags, 145
helper applications, 156, 304
hidden fields, 247-248
history of the Internet/WWW, 2-3
home directory in URLs, 167
home pages, 6
horizontal
alignment of table captions, 280
rules, 26, 101-108
scrollbars (see scrollbars)
space around graphics, 127
space around table cells, 270
HotJava browser, 14
hotspots, 194-195
<HR> (horizontal rule) tags, 26, 101-108
HREF attribute
<A> tags, 28, 179
<AREA> tags, 195
<BASE> tags, 201
<LINK> tags, 203
HSPACE (horizontal space) attribute
<APPLET> tags, 153
<IMG> tags, 127
<MARQUEE> tags, 146
<TABLE> tags, 270
HTML attributes, 20, 41-43
ACTION (<FORM> tag), 231
ALIGN
<APPLET> tags, 150
<CAPTION> tags, 280
<DIV> tags, 57
in heading tags, 62
<HR> tags, 106
<IMG> tags, 119-124
<MARQUEE> tags, 144
<P> tags, 59
in table tags, 266, 272, 276
ALINK (<BODY> tag), 136
ALT (alternate text)
<APPLET> tags, 150
<IMG> tags, 118
BACKGROUND (<BODY> tag), 134
BEHAVIOR (<MARQUEE> tag), 144
BGCOLOR (background color)
<BODY> tags, 134
<MARQUEE> tags, 145
in table tags, 268, 273, 279
BGPROPERTIES (<BODY> tag), 135
BORDER
<IMG> tags, 124
<TABLE> tags, 268-269
BORDERCOLOR, 268, 273, 279
BORDERCOLORDARK, 268, 273, 279
BORDERCOLORLIGHT, 268, 273, 279
CELLPADDING (<TABLE> tag), 269
CELLSPACING (<TABLE> tag), 269
CHECKED (<INPUT> tag), 242-243
CLEAR (<BR> tag), 85
CODE (<APPLET> tag), 151
CODEBASE (<APPLET> tag), 151
COLS (columns)
<FRAMESET> tags, 287-288
<TEXTAREA> tags, 249
COLSPAN (column span) (<TD> and <TH> tags), 277-278
COMPACT (for list tags), 211, 213, 221, 223, 225
CONTENT (<META> tag), 206, 301
CONTROLS (<IMG> tag), 131
COORDS (coordinates) (<AREA> tag), 194
DIRECTION (<MARQUEE> tag), 144
DYNSRC (<IMG> tag), 130
ENCTYPE (<FORM> tag), 232-234
HEIGHT
<APPLET> tags, 152
<IMG> tags, 125-127
<MARQUEE> tags, 145
HREF
<A> tags, 28, 179
<AREA> tags, 195
<BASE> tags, 201
<LINK> tags, 203
HSPACE (horizontal space)
<APPLET> tags, 153
<IMG> tags, 127
<MARQUEE> tags, 146
<TABLE> tags, 270
HTTP-EQUIV (<META> tag), 207, 301
ISMAP (image map) (<IMG> tag), 128, 190-192
LEFTMARGIN (<BODY> tag), 137
LINK (<BODY> tag), 136
LOOP
<BGSOUND> tags, 142
<IMG> tags, 132
<MARQUEE> tags, 144
LOWSRC (<IMG> tag), 116
MARGINHEIGHT attribute (<FRAME> tag), 292
MARGINWIDTH attribute (<FRAME> tag), 292
MAXLENGTH (<FORM> tag), 239
METHOD
<A> tags, 180
<FORM> tags, 234-235
METHODS (<LINK> tag), 204
MULTIPLE (<SELECT> tag), 251
N (<NEXTID> tag), 208
NAME
<A> tags, 29, 181
<APPLET> tags, 152
<FORM> tags, 237
<FRAME> tags, 285, 291, 294
<META> tags, 206
<PARAM> tags, 154
NOHREF (<AREA> tag), 195
NORESIZE attribute (<FRAME> tag), 291
NOSHADE (<HR> tag), 103
NOWRAP (<TD> and <TG> tags), 278
PROMPT (<ISINDEX> tag), 199
REL (relationship)
<A> tags, 182
<LINK> tags, 204
REV (reverse relationship)
<A> tags, 182
<LINK> tags, 204
ROWS
<FRAMESET> tags, 287-288
<TEXTAREA> tags, 249
ROWSPAN (row span) (<TD> and <TH> tags), 277-278
SCROLLAMOUNT (<MARQUEE> tag), 146
SCROLLDELAY (<MARQUEE> tag), 146
SCROLLING attribute (<FRAME> tag), 292
SELECTED (<OPTION> tag), 253
SHAPE (<AREA> tag), 195
SIZE
<FORM> tags, 239
<HR> tags, 103
<SELECT> tags, 251
SRC (source)
<BGSOUND> tags, 141
<IMG> tags, 115
<FRAME> tags, 290
START
<IMG> tags, 132
<OL> tags, 213-214
TARGET
<A> tags, 183, 285, 294-296
<BASE> tags, 202, 296-298
TEXT (<BODY> tag), 136
TITLE
<A> tags, 183
<LINK> tags, 204
TOPMARGIN (<BODY> tag), 137
TYPE (for list tags), 211, 213, 216
URL (<META> tag), 207
URN (uniform resource name)
<A> tags, 183
<LINK> tags, 204
USEMAP (image map) (<IMG> tag), 128, 192-197
VALIGN (vertical alignment)
<CAPTION> tags, 280
in table tags, 270, 274, 276
VALUE
<FORM> tags, 239
for list tags, 216, 221, 223
<OPTION> tags, 252
<PARAM> tags, 154
VERSION (<HTML> tag), 49
VLINK (<BODY> tag), 136
VSPACE (vertical space)
<APPLET> tags, 153
<IMG> tags, 127
<MARQUEE> tags, 146
<TABLE> tags, 270
WIDTH
<APPLET> tags, 152
<HR> tags, 105
<IMG> tags, 125-127
<MARQUEE> tags, 145
<PRE> tags, 92
in table tags, 270, 276
WRAP (<TEXTAREA> tag), 249
HTML documents, 5, 39-53
automation, 205-208
background graphics, 134
body content of (see <BODY> tags)
boilerplates, 312
citations in, 68
comments in, 21, 46
designing for audience, 312
dynamic, 299-310
filling areas, 126
formatting, 9
frames in (see frames)
headers in, 41, 49-52
headings in, 25, 61-65
home pages, 6
links in (see hyperlinks)
lists in (see lists)
multicolumn pages, 316-318
multimedia in, 22
paragraphs in (see line breaks; <P> tags; preformatted text; structural tags)
paths for, 166
referenced files, 155-158
refreshing, 301-303
relationships between, 200-205
searchable, 198-200
segmenting, 114
software code in, 68
table of contents in, 184
tables in (see tables)
text-only, 113
titles, 21, 50-52, 183, 204
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 7-11
DTD for, 347-360
extensions to, 8, 11-13
limitations of, 10
tag grammar, 325-334
text editors for, 14, 17
version 3.2, 7
HTML tags
<!-- --> (comments), 21, 46
<A> (anchor), 28, 155, 178-185
<ADDRESS>, 97
<APPLET>, 149-154
<AREA>, 193-196
<B> (boldface), 24, 74
<BASE>, 201-203, 296-298
<BASEFONT>, 78-83
<BGSOUND>, 141
<BIG> (larger font), 74
<BLINK>, 74, 313
<BLOCKQUOTE>, 96
<BODY>, 21, 41, 52, 133-138
multiple-body bug, 13
<BR> (line break), 25, 84-87
<CAPTION>, 279-280
<CENTER>, 93
<CITE> (citation), 68
<CODE> (software code), 23, 68
<COMMENT> (for Explorer), 45, 47
<DD> (definition), 224, 226
<DFN> (definition), 23, 69
<DIR> (directory list) tags, 215, 220-221
<DIV> (explicit division), 56-57
<DL> (definition list) tags, 223-226
<DT> (definition term), 224-226
<EM> (emphasis), 23, 69
embedding, 19-20
<FORM>, 230-237
formatting style for, 40
<FRAME>, 284, 290-292
<FRAMESET>, 284, 286-289
grammar of, 325-334
<H1>, <H2>, ..., 26, 61-65
<HEAD> (header), 21, 41, 49-52
<HR> (horizontal rule), 26, 101-108
<HTML>, 20, 41, 48-49
<I> (italics), 20, 24, 75
<IMG> (graphics), 115-133, 190-197
<INPUT>, 237-248
<ISINDEX>, 198-200
<KBD> (keyboard text), 23, 70
<LI> (list item), 214-217
<LINK>, 182, 203-205
<LISTING>, 94
<MAP>, 193
<MARQUEE>, 143-146, 313
<MENU> (menu list), 215, 222-223
<META>, 205-207, 301-306
nesting, 43
<NEXTID>, 207
<NOBR> (no line break), 87-88, 94
<NOFRAMES>, 285, 292-293
<OL> (ordered list), 212-214
<OPTION>, 252-253
<P> (paragraph break), 25, 57-60
<PARAM> (applet parameters), 154-155
<PLAINTEXT> tags, 95
<PRE> (preformatted text), 26, 90-93, 263
quick reference for, 335-346
<S> (strikeout), 75
<SAMP> (literal text), 23, 70
<SELECT>, 250-251
slash (/) in, 20
<SMALL> (smaller font), 75
start/end pairs, 43-44
<STRIKE> (strikeout), 75
<STRONG>, 23, 71
<SUB> (subscript), 75
<SUP> (superscript), 76
syntax of, 41-42
<TABLE>, 266-272
<TD> (table data), 275-279
<TEXTAREA>, 248-250
<TH> (table header), 275-279
<TITLE>, 21, 50-52
<TR> (table row), 272-275
<TT> (typewriter text), 24, 76
<U> (underline), 76
<UL> (unordered list), 209-211
<VAR> (variable name text), 23, 71
<WBR> (window line break), 89-90, 94
<XMP> (example) tags, 95
<HTML> tags, 20, 41, 48-49
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 6
http servers (see servers, web)
http URLs, 164-169
httpd, server-push example for, 309-310
HTTP-EQUIV attribute (<META> tag), 207, 301
hyperlinks, 26-30, 161-162, 177-189
color of, 136, 140
for especially large graphics, 114
to external files, 155
into frames, 290
graphics as, 124, 128, 189
inline, 187
targeted, 285, 291, 294-298
using effectively, 185-189
Hypertext Markup Language (see HTML)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 6
I
i (FTP URL typecode), 170
i (UL TYPE value), 213
I (UL TYPE value), 213
<I> (italics) tags, 20, 24, 75
icons, 114, 157
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 8
image maps, 128, 189-197
client-side (see USEMAP attribute)
as form buttons, 246
using effectively, 197
images (see graphics)
<IMG> (graphics) tags, 115-133, 190-197
in <A> tags, 124
video attributes for, 130-133
indents, 137
with definition lists, 224
within HTML documents, 40
inline hyperlinks, 187
<INPUT> tags, 237-248
interlacing, 110-111
Internet, 1-4
direct connection to, 15
etiquette on, 4
history of, 2-3
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 8
Internet Explorer, 14
audio capabilities of, 141-142
video attributes to <IMG>, 130-133
Internet Protocol (IP), 4, 165
InterNIC, 165
IP (Internet Protocol), 4, 165
<ISINDEX> tags, 198-200, 209
and <BASE> tags, 203
ISMAP (image map) attribute (<IMG> tag), 128, 190-192
italicized text, 20, 24, 75
J
Java, 146, 149
JavaScript (Netscape), 149
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) format, 108, 111-112, 115
file suffixes for, 156
justification (see alignment)
K
<KBD> (keyboard text) tags, 23, 70
L
layout
of forms (see forms)
of frames (see frames)
multicolumn pages, 316-318
layout, precise (see <PRE> tags; structural tags)
left-justification (see alignment)
LEFTMARGIN attribute (<BODY> tag), 137
less than (<), 24
letters for ordered lists, 213
Level 1 HTML DTD, 359
<LI> (list item) tags, 214-217
line breaks, 90
avoiding with <NOBR> tags, 87-88
<BR> tags, 25, 84-87
<WBR> tags, 89-90
line feed (see carriage return)
LINK attribute (<BODY> tag), 136
<LINK> tags, 182, 203-205
links (see hyperlinks)
list items <LI> tags, 214-217
<LISTING> tags, 94
lists, 209-227
compact (see COMPACT attribute (for list tags))
custom bullets, 315
how to use, 227
of hyperlinks, 185-186
nested, 218-220
literal text <SAMP> tags, 23, 70
localhost, 171
LOOP attribute
<BGSOUND> tags, 142
<IMG> tags, 132
<MARQUEE> tags, 144
LOWSRC (low-res source) attribute (<IMG> tag), 116
Lynx, 5, 118
M
mailto URLs, 174
<MAP> tags, 193
MARGINHEIGHT attribute (<FRAME> tag), 292
margins, 137
around frames, 292
around table cells, 270
LEFTMARGIN attribute (<BODY> tag), 137
MARGINWIDTH attribute (<FRAME> tag), 292
TOPMARGIN attribute (<BODY> tag), 137
<MARQUEE> tags, 143-146, 313
masked text-entry fields, 240
MAXLENGTH attribute (<FORM> tag), 239
<MENU> (menu list) tags, 222-223
<LI> tags in, 215
<META> tags, 205-207, 301-306
METHOD attribute
<A> tags, 180
<FORM> tags, 234-235
METHODS attribute (<LINK> tag), 204
Microsoft Word, 14
MIDI audio format, 142, 157
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension), 156, 306
more than (>), 24
Mosaic browser, 3, 14
mouse-sensitive images (see image maps)
moving text (see animation)
MPEG movie format, 157
multiline text-entry fields, 248-250
multimedia, 22
applets, 147-155
audio files, 141-142
improving with client-pull, 304
referenced, 156-157
video attributes to <IMG>, 130-133
multipart documents, 306-308
multipart/form-data type, 232-233
multipart/mixed-media type, 306
multipart/mixed-replace-media type, 307
MULTIPLE attribute (<SELECT> tag), 251
multiple-choice form elements, 250-253
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (see MIME)
N
N attribute (<NEXTID> tag), 208
NAME attribute
<A> tags, 29, 181
<APPLET> tags, 152
<FORM> tags, 237
<FRAME> tags, 285, 291, 294
<META> tags, 206
<PARAM> tags, 154
name servers, 5
named frame targets, 285, 291, 294-298
named GET parameters, 258
named identifiers (see fragment identifiers)
names
color, 368-369
of hyperlinks, 28
name/value pairs, 258
for web servers, 165
NAV audio format, 142
NCSA httpd, server-push example for, 309-310
NCSA Mosaic (see Mosaic browser)
nested
<FRAMESET> tags, 288
HTML tags, 43
lists, 218-220
tables, 321
text styles, 73, 77
netiquette, 4
Netscape Navigator, 4, 14
executable applications, 146-155
HTML extensions, 11
JavaScript, 149
multiple <BODY> tags, 13
newline characters (see line breaks; <P> tags; preformatted text; structural tags)
news URLs, 172-173
newsgroups, accessing with browsers, 172
<NEXTID> tags, 207
NNTP (Network News Tranfer Protocol), 173
<NOBR> (no line break) tags, 87-88, 94
<NOFRAMES> tags, 285, 292-293
NOHREF attribute (<AREA> tag), 195
NORESIZE attribute (<FRAME> tag), 291
NOSHADE attribute (<HR> tag), 103
NOWRAP attribute (<TD> and <TG> tags), 278
numbered lists (see ordered lists)
numerical IP addresses (see IP)
O
<OL> (ordered list) tags, 212-214
omitting HTML tags, 44
<OPTION> tags, 252-253
ordered lists, 211-214
item numbers for, 213-214, 216
nested, 218
P
<P> (paragraph break) tags, 25, 57-60
page layout, 9, 22
paragraphs (see line breaks; <P> tags; preformatted text; structural tags)
<PARAM> (applet parameters) tags, 154-155
parameters, named, 258
password (TYPE attribute value), 240
passwords in URLs, 169, 174
paths
FTP, 170
Gopher, 175
http, 166
percent sign (%) for encoding form data, 232
performance
of client-pull documents, 306
of server-push documents, 308
physical style tags, 40, 67
<B> (boldface), 24, 74
<BIG> (larger font), 74
<BLINK>, 74, 313
<I> (italics), 20, 24, 75
<MARQUEE>, 313
<S> (strikeout), 75
<SMALL> (smaller font), 75
<STRIKE> (strikeout), 75
<SUB> (subscript), 75
<SUP> (superscript), 76
<TT> (typewriter text), 24, 76
<U> (underline), 76
physical (WRAP attribute value), 250
PICT image format, 157
pixels, 103
coordinates of (image maps), 190
filling areas with, 126
interlacing, 110
<PLAINTEXT> tags, 95
plugin software, 157
plus sign (+)
as encoded space characters, 232
in query URLs, 200
ports
FTP, 170
Gopher, 175
http, 166
NNTP, 173
telnet, 174
POST method, 234, 261-262
PostScript, 157
<PRE> (preformatted text) tags, 90-93
preformatted text, 26, 70, 90-93
for tables, 263
<LISTING> tags, 94
<PLAINTEXT> tags, 95
private webs, 7
programming forms, 256-262
PROMPT attribute (<ISINDEX> tag), 199
punctuation as unsafe characters, 163
Q
query URLs, 200
question mark (?)
encoding, 164
for query URLs, 200
quotation marks ("), 163
QuickTime movie format, 157
quotations (see <BLOCKQUOTE> tags; <CITE> tags)
R
radio buttons, 243-244
random URL generator, 305
Rasterfile image format, 157
real-time video, 304
Redirect header field, 304
redundant HTML tags, 44
referenced files, 155-158
Refresh header field, 301-304
REL (relationship) attribute
<A> tags, 182
<LINK> tags, 204
relative URLs, 27, 175-177
and <BASE> tags, 202
reserved characters (see special characters)
Reset button, 246
return characters (see line breaks; <P> tags; preformatted text; structural tags)
REV (reverse relationship) attribute
<A> tags, 182
<LINK> tags, 204
RGB color values, 82, 134, 367
right-justification (see alignment)
Roman numerals for ordered lists, 213
ROWS attribute
<FRAMESET> tags, 287-288
<TEXTAREA> tags, 249
rows, frame (see frames)
rows, table (see tables)
ROWSPAN (row span) attribute (<TD> and <TH> tags), 277-278
rules, table, 265
rules, horizontal (see horizontal, rules)
S
<S> (strikeout) tags, 75
<SAMP> (literal text) tags, 23, 70
sample text <SAMP> tags, 23, 70
SCROLLAMOUNT attribute (<MARQUEE> tag), 146
scrollbars, in frames, 292
SCROLLDELAY attribute (<MARQUEE> tag), 146
SCROLLING attribute (<FRAME> tag), 292
scrolling text (see <MARQUEE> tags)
searchable documents, 198-200
second-level heading <H2> tags, 26, 61
security
masked text-input fields, 240
POST versus GET methods, 235
<SELECT> tags, 250-251
SELECTED attribute (<OPTION> tag), 253
semicolon (;) as parameter separator, 236
server-push documents, 300, 306-310
servers, 5
file, 171
FTP, 170
Gopher, 175
http (see servers, web)
news, 172
NNTP, 173
telnet, 174
web, 164-169
server-side applications, 256-262
server-side image maps (see image maps; ISMAP attribute)
server-side includes (SSI), 47
SHAPE attribute (<AREA> tag), 195
shapes of graphics (see transparency)
shapes of hotspots, 195
side heads, 318-320
size
of applets, 152
of marquees, 145
SIZE attribute
<FORM> tags, 239
<HR> tags, 103
<SELECT> tags, 251
slash (/) character
encoding, 164
in HTML tags, 20, 43
trailing, in URLs, 167
in URLs, 163
<SMALL> (smaller font) tags, 75
software for designers, 13-15
software code <CODE> tags, 68
sound (see audio files)
space character, 163
spacing (see <PRE> tags; structural tags)
special characters, 46, 98
"ae" ligature, 70
list of character entities, 361-365
within <PRE> block, 92
reserved/unsafe characters, 163
space character, 163
in URLs, 163
special text characters, 24
square (TYPE value), 211, 216
SRC (source) attribute
<BGSOUND> tags, 141
<FRAME> tags, 290
<IMG> tags, 115
SSI (server-side includes), 47
staggered frames, 288
standardizing HTML, 8-9
START attribute
<IMG> tags, 132
<OL> tags, 213-214
starting and ending tags, 20, 43-44
straddle heads, 317
<STRIKE> (strikeout) tags, 75
striking out text, 75
<STRONG> tags, 23, 71
structural tags, 40-41
<!-- --> (comments), 21, 46
<BODY>, 13, 21, 41, 52, 133-138
<BR> (line break), 25, 84-87
<DD> (definition), 224, 226
<DIR> (directory list), 215, 220-221
<DIV> (explicit division), 56-57
<DL> (definition list), 223-226
<DT> (definition term), 224-226
<H1>, <H2>, ... (heading), 26, 61-65
<HEAD> (header), 21, 41, 49-52
<HTML>, 20, 41, 48-49
<LI> (list item), 214-217
<MENU> (menu list), 215, 222-223
<NOBR> (no line break), 87-88
<OL> (ordered list), 212-214
<P> (paragraph break), 25, 57-60
for precise layout, 83-96
for tables (see tables)
<TITLE>, 21, 50-52
<UL> (unordered list), 209-211
<WBR> (window line break), 89-90
style, text (see physical style tags; text)
<SUB> (subscript) tags, 75
subdomains, 4
Submit button, 230, 245
suffixes, file, 156, 165
Sun's HotJava, 14
<SUP> (superscript) tags, 76
T
tab characters (see preformatted text; structural tags)
table of contents (see fragment identifiers)
<TABLE> tags, 266-272
tables, 263-281, 316-322
borders, 268, 273
browsers incompatible with, 320
captions for, 279-280
cells
across multiple columns/rows, 277-278
header, 275-279
spacing around, 269
width of, 276
colors in, 268, 273-274, 279
for multicolumn pages, 316-318
side heads, 318-320
straddle heads, 317
text flow within cells, 278
width of entire table, 270
TARGET attribute
<A> tags, 183, 285, 294-296
<BASE> tags, 202, 296-298
<TD> (table data) tags, 275-279
telnet URLs, 174
text, 22-26
80-character-width format, 95
alignment/justification (see alignment)
alternative, 118, 150
animated, 143-146
blinking, 74, 313
color of, 136, 140
combining styles, 73, 77
constant-width (see <KBD> tags; <TT> tags; <VAR> tags)
content tags for (see content-based style tags)
editors, 14, 17
flowing
around graphics, 85, 121
within table cells, 278
around tables, 265
fonts, 23, 77-83
font size, 61, 74-75, 78-83
formatting with <DT>, 226
in headings (see HTML documents, headings in)
hyperlinks embedded in, 187
indenting and margins (see indents; margins)
physical tags for (see physical style tags)
<PLAINTEXT> tags, 95
preformatted, 26
quotations (see <BLOCKQUOTE> tags; <CITE> tags)
special characters, 24, 46
structural tags for (see structural tags)
subscripts/superscripts, 75-76
using instead of graphics, 113
TEXT attribute (<BODY> tag), 136
<TEXTAREA> tags, 248-250
text-entry fields, 238-242
masked, 240
multiline, 248-250
resetting, 246
texttop (IMG ALIGN value), 120
<TH> (table header) tags, 275-279
3D objects (see VRML)
thumbnails, 126
TIFF (Tag Image File Format), 157
tilde (~) character
encoding, 164
in http URLs, 167
time
downloading (see graphics, downloading time)
scrolling, for marquees, 146
TITLE attribute
<A> tags, 183
<LINK> tags, 204
title marquees, 313
<TITLE> tags, 21, 50-52
titles for HTML documents, 21, 50-52
TOPMARGIN attribute (<BODY> tag), 137
<TR> (table row) tags, 272-275
transparency, 110-111, 322-324
true color, 322
<TT> (typewriter text) tags, 24, 76
TYPE attribute
<FORM> tags, 240
for list tags, 211, 213, 216
typecode (in FTP URLs), 170
typewriter text style, 24, 76
U
<U> (underline) tags, 76
<UL> (unordered list) tags, 209-211
underlined text, 76
uniform resource locators (see URLs)
unnamed GET parameters, 260
unordered lists, 209-211
custom bullets, 315
nested, 218
unsafe characters (see special characters)
URLs (uniform resource locators), 27, 40, 162-177
case sensitivity of, 42
to cgi-bin directory, 232
FTP, 169-170
Gopher, 175
linking into frames, 290
for local files, 170-171
mailto, 174
news, 172-173
NNTP, 173
query, 200
randomly generating, 305
relative versus absolute, 175-177
Telnet, 174
unsafe characters in, 163
URN (uniform resource name) attribute
<A> tags, 183
<LINK> tags, 204
USEMAP (image map) attribute (<IMG> tag), 128, 192-197
usernames in URLs, 169, 174
users, interaction with (see applets)
V
VALIGN attribute
<CAPTION> tags, 280
in table tags, 270, 274, 276
VALUE attribute
<FORM> tags, 239
for list tags, 216, 221, 223
<OPTION> tags, 252
<PARAM> tags, 154
<VAR> (variable name text) tags, 23, 71
variable name text <VAR> tags, 23, 71
VERSION attribute (<HTML> tag), 49
vertical
alignment
in forms, 255
of table captions, 280
of table cell data, 270, 274, 276
scrollbars (see scrollbars)
space around graphics, 127
space around table cells, 270
video, 304
attributes to <IMG> tags, 130-133
files, referencing, 156-157
Virtual Reality Markup Language (see VRML)
virtual (WRAP attribute value), 249
VLINK attribute (<BODY> tag), 136
VRML (Virtual Reality Markup Language), 158
VSPACE (vertical space) attribute
<APPLET> tags, 153
<IMG> tags, 127
<MARQUEE> tags, 146
<TABLE> tags, 270
W
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), 8
WAV audio format, 157
<WBR> (window line break) tags, 89-90, 94
web pages (see HTML documents)
webs, private, 7
what can't be done, 265
whitespace (see preformatted text; structural tags)
WIDTH attribute
<APPLET> tags, 152
<HR> tags, 105
<IMG> tags, 125-127
<MARQUEE> tags, 145
<PRE> tags, 92
in table tags, 270, 276
windows (see frames)
word processors, 14
word wrap in text-entry fields, 249
WordPerfect, 14
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 8
World Wide Web (WWW)
browsers for (see browsers, web)
documents on (see HTML documents)
history of, 3
how information moves on, 6
important web sites, 15
VRML, 158
WRAP attribute (<TEXTAREA> tag), 249
wrapping text (see text, flowing)
writing
applets, 149
HTML documents, 15, 17
URLs, 163-164
WWW (see World Wide Web)
X
XBM (X Bitmap) format, 112, 156
<XMP> (example) tags, 95
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