Index

Symbols
! (logical complement) operator, 91
@ (at sign) in doc comments, 80
& (bitwise AND) operator, 91
& (boolean AND) operator, 91
& (dereference) operator in C, 92
&& (conditional AND) operator, 91
&= (assignment) operator, 91
* for importing classes, 145
\ (backslash) in paths, 226
! (not) operator, 61
!= (inequality) operator, 91
| (bitwise OR) operator, 91
| (boolean OR) operator, 91
|| (conditional OR) operator, 91
|= (assignment) operator, 91
[] (index) operator, 103
^ (bitwise XOR) operator, 91
^ (boolean XOR) operator, 91
^= (assignment) operator, 91
, (comma) operator in C, 89, 92
{} curly braces, 52
  for code blocks, 87
  for creating arrays, 105
- (subtraction) operator, 91
- (unary minus) operator, 91
-- (decrement) operator, 91
-= (assignment) operator, 91
- (hyphen) in class names, 261
. (dot) notation, 93, 114
= (assignment) operator, 91
= (equality) operator, 91
== (identity) operator, 50, 299
> (greater than) operator, 91
>= (greater than or equal) operator, 91
>> (rightwise shift) operator, 91
>>= (assignment) operator, 91
>>> (rightwise shift) operator, 91
>>>= (assignment) operator, 91
< (less than) operator, 91
<= (less than or equal) operator, 91
<< (leftwise shift) operator, 91, 363
<<= (assignment) operator, 91
() parentheses, 91
% (remainder) operator, 91
%= (assignment) operator, 91
+ (addition) operator, 91
+ (string concatenation) operator, 9, 86, 91, 186, 191
+ (unary plus) operator, 91
+= (assignment) operator, 91
++ (increment) operator, 91
?: (conditional ternary) operator, 91
/ (slash) in paths, 226
/ (division) operator, 91
/= (assignment) operator, 91
//  // comments, 80
/*  */ comments, 80
/**  */ comments, 80-81
* (multiplication) operator, 91
* (reference) operator in C, 92
*= (assignment) operator, 91
~ (bitwise complement) operator, 91
A
ABORT (variable), 356
absolute positioning, 328
absolute value, 194
abstract (modifier), 126, 375
  methods and classes, 50, 141
Abstract Windowing Toolkit (see AWT)
abs(), 194
accept() with sockets, 237
access control (see encapsulation; visibility modifiers)
account name, user, 208
acos(), 194
ACTION_EVENT, 295
action(), 50-51, 295
add(), 290
addConsumer(), 360, 369
addElement(), 201
addItem(), 304
addition (+) operator, 91
addNotify(), 283
add(), 49
after(), 199
align attribute (<applet> tag), 75
alignment, applet, 75
ALLBITS (variable), 356
allocating memory, 11
alpha (see ARGB color model)
alt attribute (<applet> tag), 75
alternate text for browsers, 75
AND (&) operator, bitwise, 91
AND (&) operator, boolean, 91
AND (&&) operator, conditional, 91
answer(), 318
API (Application Programming Interface), 183, 375
append(), 191
Applet (class), 32
<applet> tags, 72-77, 294
  align attribute, 75
  alt attribute, 75
  code attribute, 73, 75
  codebase attribute, 76
  height attribute, 73, 75
  hspace attribute, 75
  name attribute, 75
  vspace attribute, 75
  width attribute, 73, 75
AppletContext (object), 293, 295
applets, 22-23, 292-295, 375
  alignment of, 75
  alternate text for, 75
  examples of simple, 27-63
  files and, 232-233
  name of, 73, 75
  padding of, 75
  propreties unreadable by, 208
  size of, 73, 75
  threading, 166-169
  viewing, 77, 293-295, 376
AppletStub (object), 293
appletviewer program, 77
Application Programming Interface (API), 183, 375
application-level security, 19-21
applications, 24, 376
  applets, 2
  helper, 22
application/x-tar type, 262-267
arccosine, 194
archived class files, 68
arcsine, 194
arctangent, 194
ARGB color model, 361
arguments, 31
  passing to methods, 122-123
arithmetic operators, 91
ArithmeticException, 193
arraycopy(), 106
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, 106
arrays, 12, 52-54, 103-109, 157-158, 200
  creating and initializing, 104
  declaring, 52
  multidimensional, 107
  nonrectangular, 109
  (see also vectors)
ArrayStoreException, 158
ascent (for fonts), 340
asin(), 194
assignment, 92
assignment operators, 91
atan(), 194
attributes, HTML, 72
audio files, 373-374
AudioClip (object), 374
authentication, 21
@author tag, 81
available(), 216, 229
AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit), 279-329, 376
  multiple, 285
B
backslash (\)
  in paths, 226
  in strings, 227
base classes, fragile, 11
base URL, 76, 253
baselines (for fonts), 340
before(), 199
binding methods, 10
  dynamic, 136
bitwise operators, 91
block comments (see comments)
BOLD(value), 337
boolean operators, 91
boolean (type), 39, 82, 376
BorderLayout (layout manager), 290, 301, 313, 324-327
braces {}, 52
  for code blocks, 87
  for creating arrays, 105
break statements, 90, 102
browsers, Web (see Web browsers)
BufferedInputStream (class), 214, 219-220
BufferedOutputStream (class), 214, 219-220
building-block components, 295
Button (object), 43-54, 283
byte (type), 82, 376
ByteArrayOutputStream (class), 223
byte-code verification, 15-17, 66, 390
C
C and C++, compared to Java, 6
callbacks, 151-152, 298, 376
canRead(), 228
Canvas (object), 287, 308-310
canWrite(), 228
capitalization, 117, 261
  equals(), 188
  toUpperCase(), toLowerCase(), 189
CardLayout (layout manager), 291, 321, 327-328
carriage returns (see whitespace)
case expressions, 89
case sensitivity (see capitalization)
casting, 138-139, 376
catch clauses, 61-62, 90, 97, 101, 376, 379, 389
  (see also errors and exceptions)
ceil(), 194
char (type), 80, 82, 84, 376
character literals, 84, 189
  getting from strings, 187
  within strings, returning, 189
  (see also StringBuffer; strings)
charAt(), 187
charWidth(), 340
checkAccept(), 210
checkAccess(), 210, 247
checkboxes, 305-308
CheckboxGroup (object), 305
checkConnect(), 210
checkDelete(), 210
checkError(), 220
checkExec(), 210
checkExit(), 210
checkListen(), 210
checkPropertyAccess(), 210
checkRead(), 210, 247
-checksource option (java), 66
checkTopLevelWindow(), 210
checkWrite(), 210
Choice (object), 302
.class extension, 69
class files
  alternative base URL, 76
  archived, 68
  loading, 75
  modification times, 71
class instances, 30, 112
class loaders, 17, 377
class methods, 115-117, 377
Class (object), 155-156
class paths, 66, 68-69, 377
  default, 69
class type variables (see references)
class variables, 115-117, 377
ClassCastException, 138, 200, 256
classes, 4, 13, 29, 112-117, 376
  abstract, 141
  array (see arrays)
  collection, 200-206
  compilation units, 143, 377
  declaring, 381
  error, 95
  final, 189
  importing, 38, 144, 381
  incremental development, 11
  inheritance, 32
  MIME types and, 261
  multiple constructors (see overloading methods)
  packages of (see packages)
  protocols into names for, 268
  public, javac compiler and, 70
  reference types, 84-86
  visibility of, 144
  wrapper, 82
-classpath option (java, javac), 66
CLASSPATH (variable), 68, 381
clients, 237-241, 377
clipRate(), 346-349
clipRect(), 286, 333
clock applet, 167
close(), 217, 229
code attribute (<applet> tag), 73, 75
code, source
  blocks, 87, 128-129
  compilation units, 143
codebase attribute (<applet> tag), 76
collection classes, 200-206
Color (class), 51
colors, 51-54, 336
  color models, 361, 366
  encoding as image data, 361-362
  predefined, 52
  separating, 372
comma (,) operator in C, 89, 92
comments, 80-81
compareTo(), 188
comparing
  dates, 199
  strings, 187
compilation units, 143, 377
compiler, Java (see javac)
compilers, 377
COMPLETESCANLINES property, 365
Component (class), 33, 47
components, GUI, 281-287, 295-300, 322, 377
  absolute positioning, 328
  checkboxes, 305-308
  creating new, 314-316
  dialogs, 316-320
  file-selection boxes, 318-320
  functional vs. building-block, 295
  menus, 302-305
  queries, 316
  scrollbars, 310-314
  size of, 322
  "smart", 296
  text, 300-302
  updating, 286-287
  (see also layout managers)
composition, 31, 378
concatenation (+) operator, 9, 86, 91, 186, 191
concurrency (see threads, synchronization)
conditional
  AND (&&) operator, 91
  OR (||) operator, 91
  statements, 88
  ternary (?:) operator, 91
connected (variable), 275
connection-oriented protocol, 237
connect(), 221
constant colors, 336
constants, 117
  PI and E, 195
constructors, 46, 93, 125-126, 139-141, 378
  default, 47
  File, 226
  overloaded, 127-128
  string, 185-186
consumer threads, 174-178
Container (class), 33, 48
containers, 290-291, 295-300, 378
  invalid, 291
  preferred size of, 322
  "smart", 297-299
contains(), 201
containsKey(), 204
content handlers, 24, 257-267, 378
ContentHandler (class), 264
ContentHandlerFactory (object), 266
continue statements, 90, 102
conversion
  double to integer, 194
  MIME types to package/class names, 261
  protocols into package/class names, 268
  rectangular and polar coordinates, 194
  strings into integers, 218
  to and from strings, 186-187
coordinates
  rectangular and polar, 194
  system of, 333
cos(), 194
cosine, 194
countTokens(), 192
createButton(), 283
crypt, 270-278
cryptography, 20
-cs option (java), 66
curly braces (see braces)
currentTimeMillis(), 199
D
-d option (javac), 70
dash (-), 261
data
  buffers, 219-220
  hiding (see encapsulation)
  streams, 213-225
  types (see types)
datagram sockets, 248-253
datagrams, 378
DataInputStream (class), 213, 217-219
DataOutputStream (class), 213, 217-219
DateAtHost client, 241-243
dates and times, 198-200, 241-243
deallocating memory, 11
debugging, 9
decimal integers, 83
declaring
  arrays, 52
  classes, 381
  local variables, 121
  methods, 113
  variables, 31, 83, 87, 113
decrement (--) operator, 91
default
  array values, 104
  case expression, 89
  class path, 69
  constructors, 47, 126
  coordinate system, 333
  property values, 207
  values for instance variables, 39
  variable values, 83
#define statements, 9
delete(), 228
dereference (&) operator in C, 92
descent (for fonts), 340
destroying objects, 129-130
destroy(), 169, 293
dialogs, 316-320
Dictionary class, 206
digital signatures, 20
direct color models, 361
directories
  creating, 228
  getting information about, 227
  listing files of, 228
  renaming, 228
dispose(), 305, 350
division (/) operator, 91
doc comments, 80-81
dot (.) notation, 93, 114
double buffering, 349-351
double (type), 82, 84, 378
  converting to integer, 194
doubleValue(), 196
do-while statements, 88
downloading images, 314
draw3DRect(), 336
drawArc(), 336
drawImage(), 314, 342-343
drawing (see images)
drawLine(), 336
drawOval(), 336
drawPolygon(), 336
drawRect(), 336
drawRoundRect(), 336
drawString(), 36, 337, 340
dynamic binding, 136
E
E (value), 195
editing strings, 189
Editor (object), 318-320
elementAt(), 202
elements(), 202, 204
embeddable applications (see applets)
encapsulation, 14-18, 145-148, 378
encoding
  color image data, 361-362
  ISO10646, 382
  ISO8859-1, 382
  text, 79-80
  UTF-8, 390
Encryption (class), 270
endsWith(), 188
Enumeration interface, 192, 202-203
environment information, 208
  CLASSPATH, 68
EOFException, 232
equality (=) operator, 91
equals(), 51, 153-154, 188, 199
equalsIgnoreCase(), 188
err (see System.err)
ERROR (variable), 356
errors and exceptions, 12, 61-62, 90, 94-103, 379, 389
  ArithmeticException, 193
  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, 106
  ArrayStoreException, 158
  ClassCastException, 138, 200, 256
  compile time errors, 90
  EOFException, 232
  error classes, 95
  FileNotFoundException, 229, 248
  IllegalAccessException, 156
  InstantiationException, 156
  InterruptedException, 62, 164
  IOException, 216, 220, 229, 231, 239, 252, 256
  MalformedURLException, 254
  NullPointerException, 31, 92
  NumberFormatException, 196
  OutOfMemoryException, 384
  overridden methods and, 137
  ParseException (invented), 219
  runtime exceptions, 100
  SecurityException, 210
  throwing exceptions on purpose, 100
  UnknownHostException, 239, 252
  UnknownServiceException, 254
escape sequences, 80
evaluation, order of, 87, 91
Event (class), 41
events, 40, 288-290, 379
  determining source of, 299-300
@exception tag, 81
exceptions (see errors and exceptions)
exists(), 228
exp(), 194
exponents/exponentials, 194
expressions, 87, 91-94
extends (keyword), 32, 379, 381
F
false (value), 39
fields, 29
File constructor, 226
FileDialog (class), 226, 318-320
FileInputStream (class), 215, 229-231
FileNotFoundException, 229, 248
FileOutputStream (class), 215, 229-231
File.pathSeparator, 227
File.pathSeparatorChar, 227
files, 225-233
  applets and, 232-233
  audio, 294, 373-374
  getting information about, 227-229
  images (see images)
  nonexistent on server, 256
  renaming, 228
  restricting access to, 246-248
  selecting from dialogs, 318-320
  streams for, 229-231
  tar, 262-267
File.separator, 208, 227
File.separatorChar, 227
fill3DRect(), 336
fillArc(), 335-336
fillOval(), 335-336
fillPolygon(), 336
fillRect(), 336, 346
fillRoundRect(), 336
FilteredImageSource (class), 373
filtering image data, 372-373
FilterInputStream (class), 217-220
FilterOutputStream (class), 217-220
final (modifier), 116, 126, 136, 379
  classes, 189
  static color values, 336
finalize(), 130, 379
finally clauses, 90, 102, 379, 389
first(), 327
float (type), 82, 84, 380
floating-point literals, 84, 378
  isNaN(), 194
  out-of-range values, 193
  (see also double; float)
floatValue(), 196
floor(), 194
FlowLayout (layout manager), 290, 323
flush(), 219
focus, GUI component, 289
fonts, 337-340
  metrics, 338-340
for statements, 89
forbidden access to files, 246-248
forName(), 156
fragile base class, 11
Frame (object), 290, 297
  BorderLayout, 290
FRAMEBITS (variable), 356
frames, menus and, 302-305
functional components, 295
G
garbage collection, 11, 47, 129-130, 350, 380
Gaussian distributions, 197
gc(), 130
general exceptions, 100
  (see also errors and exceptions)
generic, 201
get(), 203
getAbsolutePath(), 227
getAbsolute(), 227
getAppletContext(), 295
getApplets(), 294
getAscent(), 340
getAudioClip(), 294, 374
getByName(), 251
getClass(), 155-156
getCodeBase(), 251, 293, 341
getColor(), 336
getComponent(), 307
getContent(), 255, 264
getCurrent(), 307
getDate(), 199
getDescent(), 340
getDocumentBase(), 293
getFamily(), 337
getFilePointer(), 232
getFile(), 254
getFocus(), 289
getFontMetrics(), 338
getFont(), 337, 340
getHeight(), getWidth(), 314, 340, 343
getHost(), 251, 254
getHours(), 199, 243
getImage(), 294, 341
getInputStream(), 239
getLabel(), 307
getLeading(), 340
getMaxAdvance(), 340
getMaxAscent(), 340
getMaxDescent(), 340
getMessage(), 176
getMinutes(), 199, 243
getMonth(), 199
getName(), 227, 337
getOuputStream(), 239
getParameter(), 40, 294
getParent(), 227
getPath(), 227
getProperty(), 206, 208
getProtocol(), 254
getRGBdefault(), 361
getSeconds(), 199
getSelectedItem(), 304
getSize(), 337
getState(), 307
getStyle(), 337
getText(), 301
getTime(), 199
getWidths(), 340
getWidth(), 314, 343
getYear(), 199
Gosling, James, 2
goto statements in C, 90
graphics (see images)
Graphics (class), 36
graphics context, 36, 331, 380
  origin of, 333
greater than (>) operator, 91
greater than or equal (>=) operator, 91
GridBagLayout (layout manager), 291, 321, 328
GridLayout (layout manager), 290, 297, 313, 323-324
guessContentTypeFromName(), 275
guessContentTypeFromStream(), 275
GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 40, 281-291, 380
  components (see components, GUI)
  layout managers, 49, 290-291, 321-329
  updating components, 286-287
H
handleEvent(), 288
hashCode(), 153-154, 204
hashcodes, 204-206, 380
hashtables, 200-206, 380
  for strings (see Properties)
hasMoreElements(), 192, 202
hasMoreTokens(), 192
header files, 38
height attribute (<applet> tag), 73, 75
HEIGHT (variable), 356
help, xiii
helper applications, 22
hexadecimal numbers, 83
hiding data (see encapsulation)
HLS encoding, 361
home directory, user, 208
HorizBagLayout (layout manager), 328
hostnames, 238, 253, 380
hosts, security and, 20
HotJava Web browser, 24, 232, 257, 380
hspace attribute (<applet> tag), 75
HSV encoding, 361
HTML attributes
  align attribute (<applet>), 75
  alt attribute (<applet>), 75
  code attribute (<applet>), 73, 75
  codebase attribute (<applet>), 76
  height attribute (<applet>), 73, 75
  hspace attribute (<applet>), 75
  name attribute (<applet>), 75
  vspace attribute (<applet>), 75
  width attribute (<applet>), 73, 75
HTML tags
  <applet>, 72-77
  <param>, 73, 385
  unknown, browsers and, 74-75
HTTP daemon example, 243-248
I
identity (==) operator, 50, 299
if-else clauses, 88
IllegalAccessException, 156
imageComplete(), 366
ImageConsumer (interface), 381
IMAGEERROR property, 366
ImageObserver (interface), 381
ImageProducer (interface), 381
images, 331-336, 341-373
  colors in, 336
    encoding as image data, 361-362
  creating image data, 360-364
  delayed loading, 314
  double buffering, 349-351
  filtering image data, 372-373
  image consumers, 364-366
    filtering, 372-373
  image observers, 342-343, 353, 355-358
  image producers, 353, 360-364
  MVC and, 286
  off-screen, 351-353
  processing, 353-373
  scrollbars with, 310-314
  sequence of, 366-372
  size of, 343
imageUpdate(), 355-358
implements clauses, 381
import statements, 38, 144, 381
in (System.in), 216
increment (++) operator, 91
incremental class development, 11
incrementaldraw property, 343
index [] operator, 103
indexed color models, 362
indexOf(), 188, 201
inequality (!=) operator, 91
InetAddress (object), 251
inheritance, 9, 32, 130-142, 381
  private classes and, 131
initializing
  arrays, 104
  local variables, 121
  variables, 83
init(), 39, 292
  versus constructors, 46
  MediaTracker and, 359
input/output, 213-233
  rejecting user input, 298
InputStream (class), 213, 215-217
insert(), 191
insertElement(), 201
installation directory, Java, 208
instance methods, 113, 382
instance variables, 38, 113, 382
instanceof operator, 91, 94, 200, 256, 382
  target and, 299
instances, 382
  class, 30, 112
InstantiationException, 156
int (type), 82-83, 382
integer literals, 83
  converting double to, 194
  parsing strings into, 218
integral operators, 91
  << (leftwise shift), 91, 363
interactive TV (ITV), 3
interface (keyword), 149
interfaces, 9, 58, 86, 148-153, 382
  packages and, 152
internationalization, 79
interpreter, 382
InterruptedException, 62, 164
Interrupt(), 164
intValue(), 196
invalid containers (see containers)
inverse trigonometric functions, 194
invoking methods, 93
IOException, 216, 220, 229, 231, 239, 252, 256
isAbsolute(), 227
isConsumer(), 360
isDirectory(), 227
isFile(), 227
isNaN(), 194
ISO10646 encoding, 382
ISO8859-1 encoding, 80, 382
ITALIC (value), 337
iterative statements, 88
ITV (interactive TV), 3
J
Java
  API packages, 183
  applets (see applets)
  availability of, 25
  compared to C, C++, 6
  compiler (see javac)
  as general application language, 25
  GUI concepts, 281-291
  history of, 2-3
  input/output, 213-233
  interpreter, 4
  numbers in, 39, 82
    (see also primitive types; variables)
  online information about, xiii
  security manager (see security manager)
  security of, 8-21
  version information, 208
  WWW and (see World Wide Web)
Java Development Kit (JDK), 25, 383
$JAVA directory, 69
.java extension, 69, 143, 377
java. hierarchy, 35
java (interpreter), 65-68
  -noasyncgc option, 130
Java Open Language Toolkit (JOLT), 25
Java WorkShop, 25, 383
java.applet (see applets)
java.applet.AudioClip, 374
java.awt, 279-329
java.awt.Color, 336
java.awt.FileDialog (see FileDialog)
java.awt.FontMetrics, 338-340
java.awt.Fonts, 337-340
java.awt.Graphics (see images)
java.awt.image.ColorModel, 361
java.awt.image.MemoryImageSource, 362
java.awt.MediaTracker, 358-360
java.awt.peer (see peer interfaces)
javac (compiler), 28, 69-71
  -O option, 136
  unreachable statements and, 90
java.class.path, 208
java.class.version, 208
javadoc, 81
java.home, 208
java.io, 213-233
java.io.File, 225-229
java.lang package, 183-191
  primitive type wrappers, 195
java.lang.Class, 155-156
java.lang.Object, 153-158
java.lang.SecurityManager (see security manager)
java.lang.String (see strings)
java.lang.StringBuffer (see StringBuffer)
java.lang.System, 208
java.net, 235-278
java.net.DatagramSocket (see datagram sockets)
java.net.InetAddress, 251
java.net.Socket (see sockets)
java.net.URL (see URLs)
java.net.URLStreamHandler (see URLStreamHandler)
JavaScript language, 7, 383
java.util.Date (see dates and times)
java.util.Dictionary, 206
java.util.Enumeration (see Enumeration interface)
java.util.Math (class) (see math utilities)
java.util.Properties, 206-208
java.util.Random (see random numbers)
java.util.StringTokenizer, 192-193
java.util.Vector (see vectors)
java.vendor, 208
java.vendor.url, 208
java.version, 208
J-code, 4
JDK (Java Development Kit), 25, 383
JOLT (Java Open Language Toolkit), 25
Joy, Bill, 2
K
key values, 203
key-certification agency, 21
keyDown(), keyUp(), 288
KeyPad(object), 297
keys(), 204
keystrokes, 40
  (see also events)
L
last(), 327
lastIndexOf(), 189
lastModified(), 228
Latin-1 encoding, 80
layout, 49
layout(), 291
layout managers, 49, 290-291, 301, 321-329, 383
  null, 328
  (see also specific layout manager)
leading space (for fonts), 340
leftwise shift (<<) operator, 91, 363
length (variable), 106
length(), 186, 228-229
less than (<) operator, 91
less than or equal (<=) operator, 91
line comments (see comments)
line.separator, 208
linked lists, 123
Lisp, 8, 10
list(), 207, 228
literals
  character, 84
  floating-point, 84
  integer, 83
  string (see strings)
loadFile(), 320
loading class files, 75
loading images, 314
load(), 207
local variables, 39, 118, 383
  initializing, 121
logging, 221
logical complement (!) operator, 91
log(), 194
long (type), 82-83, 383
longjmp() statements in C, 95
longValue(), 196
loop(), 374
M
main(), 66
MalformedURLException, 254
malloc in C/C++, 122
mark(), 219
math utilities, 193-198
MAX_PRIORITY (value), 181
max(), 194
MediaTracker (object), 358-360
memory, 11
  (see also garbage collection)
MemoryImageSource (class), 362
MenuItem (object), 304
menus, 302-305
method invocation, 93
method signature, 67
methods, 29, 87, 117-125, 383
  abstract, 141
  accessing, 113-115
  binding, 10
  constructor (see constructors)
  declaring, 113
  finalizing, 130
  instance, 113, 382
  interfaces (see interfaces)
  local variables, 118
  native, 5, 35, 384
  overloading, 46, 123-125, 383
  overriding, 134-137, 384
  passing arguments to, 122-123
  serializing, 170-172
  static, 52, 115-117, 120, 137
  virtual, 11
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), 260-262
minimumSize(), 322
MIN_PRIORITY (value), 181
minus (-) operator, subtraction, 91
minus (-) operator, unary, 91
mkdir(), mkdirs(), 228
modal windows, 316
Model/View/Controller (see MVC framework)
modification times, 71, 228
modifiers, 36, 384
monitors, 169
mouse events, 40-42
  (see also events)
mouseDown(), MouseUp(), 288
mouseDrag(), 40-42, 348
mouseMove(), 309
move(), 321
multidimensional arrays, 107
multiplication (*) operator, 91
multithreading (see threads)
MVC framework, 285, 384
N
name attribute (<applet> tag), 75
names
  applet, 73, 75
  directories and files, 228
  of fonts, 337
  packages, 143
NaN (not a number) (value), 193, 384
native methods, 5, 35, 384
natural logarithms, 194
NEGATIVE_INFINITY (value), 193
nesting comments, 80
Netscape
  JavaScript, 7, 383
  Navigator, 232, 259
network byte order, 242
Network Time Protocol (NTP), 241
networks, 235-278
new operator, 31, 45, 93, 113, 125-126, 384
  multidimensional arrays and, 108
newInstance(), 156
newlines (see whitespace)
NewtonScript, 15
next(), 327
nextDouble(), 197
nextElement(), 192, 202
nextFloat(), 197
nextGaussian(), 197
nextInt(), 197
nextLong(), 197
nextToken(), 192
-noasyncgc option (java), 130
nonexistent files, 256
NORM_PRIORITY (value), 181
not (!) operator, 61
not equal (see inequality operator)
notify(), 172-174
notifyAll(), 173, 177, 221
-noverify option (java), 66
NTP (Network Time Protocol), 241
null (value), 31, 385
  character, 83
  reference, 92
NullPointerException, 31, 92
NumberFormatException, 196
numbers, 39, 82, 193
  floating-point, 84
  hexadecimal, 83
  integer literals, 83
  math utilities, 193-198
  NaN (value), 193, 384
  octal, 83
  out-of-range values, 193
  randomly generated, 194, 197
  time/dates (see dates and times)
  (see also math utilities; primitive types; variables)
O
Oak language, 3
Object (class), 33, 153-158
objects, 30, 111-158, 385
  accessing variables of, 93
  applets (see applications)
  array (see arrays)
  creating (see new operator)
  destroying, 129-130
  equivalency of (see equals())
  Exception (see errors and exceptions)
  finalizing, 379
  getting from URLs, 255-257
  instances (see instances)
  pointers to (see references)
  security manager, 18
  signatures for (see hashcodes)
  String (see strings)
octal numbers, 83
off-screen drawing, 351-353
offScrImg (variable), 349
openStream(), 254
operating system information, 208
operators, 91-92
OR (^) operator, bitwise, 91
OR (^) operator, boolean, 91
OR (|) operator, bitwise, 91
OR (|) operator, boolean, 91
OR (||) operator, conditional, 91
order of evaluation, 87, 91
origin, graphics context, 333
os.arch, 208
os.name, 208
os.version, 208
out (see System.out)
out-of-range values, 193
OutOfMemoryException, 384
output (see input/output)
OutputStream (class), 213, 215-217
overloading, 9
  add(), 290
  constructors, 127-128
  equals(), 154
  indexOf(), lastIndexOf(), 188
  methods, 46, 123-125, 383
  print(), 220
overriding
  equals(), 154
  methods, 134-137, 384
P
packages, 9, 13, 34, 76-77, 142-145, 183, 385
  compilation units, 143, 377
  interfaces and, 152
  MIME types and, 261
  protocols into names for, 268
  unnamed, 145
p.add(), 301
padding, applet, 75
paint(), 35, 286, 309, 332
Panel (object), 33, 287, 290, 297
  FlowLayout, 290
@param tag, 81
<param> tags, 73, 385
parameters, applet, 73
parametric polymorphism, 123
parentheses (), 91
ParseException (invented), 219
parseInt(), 196
parseLong(), 196
parsing
  protocols, 269
  tar files, 265
  text, 192
  URLs, 192, 254
passing arguments to methods, 122-123
path, class (see class paths)
paths, 226, 253
path.separator, 208
PDAs (personal digital assistants), 3
peer interfaces, 282-286
peers, 385
Perl scripting language, 7
personal digital assistants (PDAs), 3
PI (value), 195
PipedInputStream (class), 214, 220-223
PipedOutputStream (class), 214, 220-223
pixels, 354
PLAIN (value), 337
play(), 374
plus (+) operator, addition, 91
plus (+) operator, unary, 91
pointers (see references)
polar coordinates, 194
Polygon (object), 335
polymorphism, 123
pop-up messages (see dialogs)
port numbers, 238
portability, 1, 4
positioning absolutely, 328
POSITIVE_INFINITY (value), 193
postEvent(), 289, 316
pow(), 194
preferredSize(), 322
prepareImage(), 314, 357
previous(), 327
primitive operators, 91
primitive types, 82-84, 122, 385
  boolean, 82, 376
  byte, 82, 376
  char, 80, 82, 84, 376
  double, 82, 84, 378
  float, 82, 84, 380
  int, 82-83, 382
  long, 82-83, 383
  short, 82, 387
  streams for reading/writing, 217
  wrappers for, 195
println(), 191, 220
PrintStream (class), 153, 214, 220
print(), 123-124, 220
priority of threads, 178-181
private (modifier), 14, 114, 146-148, 385
  inheritance and, 131, 381
  members, 36, 53
  private protected, 146, 386
producer threads, 174-178
programs (see applications)
Properties (class), 206-208
propertyNames(), 206
protected (modifier), 114, 146-148, 386
protocol handlers, 24, 257-259, 267-278, 386
protocols, 253
pseudo-random (see random numbers)
public (modifier), 114, 144, 146-148, 386
  classes, javac compiler and, 70
  members, 36
public-key cryptography, 20
put(), 203
putMessage(), 176
Q
queries, 316-318
R
random numbers, 194, 197
RandomAccessFile (class), 230-232
RANDOMPIXELORDER property, 365
random(), 194
read(), 216, 221
  data buffer with, 219
readability, checking for, 228
readInt(), 218
readLine(), 217, 222
readUTF(), 218
read(), 142
rectangular coordinates, 194
redrawing GUI components, 286-287
redrawrate property, 343
reference (*) operator in C, 92
reference types, 84-86, 386
references, 12, 31, 85
  callbacks, 151-152, 376
  casting and, 138-139
  default initial value for, 39
  setting to null, 167
  when passing arguments, 122
rejecting user input, 298
relative URLs, 253
remainder (%) operator, 91
remove(), 204
removeConsumer(), 360
removeElement(), 202
renameTo(), 228
repaint(), 42, 287, 309, 332, 343
requestTopDownLeftRightResend(), 360
reset(), 219
reshape(), 321
resize(), 309, 321
restricting file access, 246-248
resume(), 164
return statements, 102
@return tag, 81
RGB encoding, 361
RGBImageFilter (class), 373
rightwise shift (>>) operator, 91
rightwise shift (>>>) operator, 91
rint(), 194
roots, 386
rot13, 224, 270
round(), 194
run(), 58
run(), 60-61, 160
Runnable interface, 59, 160-164
runtime exceptions, 100
  (see also errors and exceptions)
run-time typing, 11
RuntimeExceptions
  ClassCastException, 138, 200, 256
  NumberFormatException, 196
S
sameFile(), 254
save(), 207
saveFile(), 320
say(), 170
scalability, 13
scalar types in C (see primitive types)
scaling images, 343
scheduling threads, 178-181
scripting languages, 7
scrollbars, 310-314
security, 1, 8-14
  application-level, 19-21
  authentication, 21
  implementation safety, 14-18
  sockets and, 241
  TCP/IP, 241
security manager, 18-19, 208-211, 387
  applets and files, 232-233
  HTTP daemon, 246-248
SecurityException, 210
@see tags, 81
seek(), 232
serializing methods, 170-172
servers, 237-241, 278, 387
  nonexistent files on, 256
ServerSocket (object), 237, 240
setCheckboxGroup(), 307
setColorModel(), 366
setColor(), 336
setDaemon(), 165
setDimensions(), 366
setFont(), 337
setHints(), 365
setjmp() statements in C, 95
setLayout(), 290, 321
setMenuBar(), 305
setPixels(), 360-361
setProperties(), 366
setSecurityManager(), 209
setText(), 301
setTitle(), 304
setURL(), 272
shadowing variables, 119, 132-134, 387
short (type), 82, 387
show(), 320, 327
showDocument(), 295
showStatus(), 295
signature
  digital (see digital signature)
  method (see method signature)
sin(), 194
sine, 194
single inheritance, 131
SINGLEFRAME property, 365
SINGLEFRAMEDONE property, 366
SINGLEPASS property, 365
size
  applet, 73, 75
  arranging GUI components by, 323
  file, 228
  font, 337
  GUI components, 322
  image, 343
size operator in C, 92
size(), 202
skip(), 217
slash (/) in paths, 226
sleep(), 61, 178
Smalltalk, 8, 10
smart components, 296
smart containers, 297-299
sockets, 235-248, 387
  datagram, 248-253
  security and, 241
SOMEBITS (variable), 356
sound files, 294, 373-374
source code (see code, source)
  compilation units, 377
speed, 1, 16
sqrt(), 194
stack-of-cards configuration (see CardLayout)
start(), 58-60, 161, 293
startProduction(), 360
startsWith(), 188
statements, 87-90
  unreachable, 90
static (modifier), 115-117, 387
  code blocks, 128-129
  final color values, 336
  members, 52
  methods, 120, 137, 377
  types, 82
  variables, 377
STATICIMAGEDONE property, 366
stop(), 58-60, 161, 164, 293, 374
  suspend() versus, 168
streams, 213-225, 387
  created from strings, 223
  file, 229-231
  URLs and, 254
  wrappers for, 217-220
String (class/object) (see strings)
string concatenation (+) operator, 9, 86, 91, 186, 191
StringBuffer (class), 189-191
StringBufferInputStream (class), 223-224
StringBufferOutputStream (class), 223-224
strings, 45, 86, 184-193, 387
  backslashes in, 227
  charAt(), 187
  comparing, 187
  constructors for, 185-186
  converting to and from, 186-187
  creating streams from, 223
  editing, 189
  equality of, 153
  hashtable for, 206-208
  parsing into integers, 218
  parsing into words, 192
  searching for substrings in, 188
  streams for reading/writing, 217
  toCharArray(), 187
  valueOf(), 186
StringTokenizer (class), 192-193
stringWidth(), 340
strtok() in C, 192
struct (keyword) in C, 376
subclasses, 32, 49, 130-142, 388
  of Thread class, 163
  visibility and, 148
  (see also classes; inheritance)
subinterfaces, 153
substring(), 189
substrings (see strings)
subtraction (-) operator, 91
Sun's HotJava (see HotJava Web browser)
super(), 139-141
super (keyword), 133, 137-138, 388
superclasses, 32
suspend(), 164
  stop() versus, 168
switch statements, 89
Symantec Cafe, 25
synchronization (see threads)
synchronized (modifier), 54, 63, 90, 126, 171, 388
syntax, Java, 9
System (class), 208
System.currentTimeMillis(), 199
System.err, 216, 220
System.gc(), 130
System.in, 216
System.out, 124, 207, 216, 220
System.out.println(), 191, 220
T
tabs (see whitespace)
tangent, 194
tan(), 194
tar files, 262-267
target (variable), 299
targets, 50
Tcl scripting language, 7
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 388
terminal input/output, 215-217
text
  alternate for browsers, 75
  encoding, 79-80
  fonts, 337-340
text GUI components, 300-302
  TextArea, 289, 300-301
  TextField, 289, 300-301
this (keyword), 40, 119, 137-138, 343, 389
this(), 127-128
Thread (class), 57, 160-164
threads, 56-58, 159-181, 389
  communicating between, 220
  multithreading, 13, 56
  priority, 178-181
  producer and consumer, 174-178
  synchronization, 13, 54, 57, 62, 169-178, 388
    versus concurrency, 13
    wait() and notify(), 172-174
  yield() with, 181
throw statements, 61, 100, 379, 389
  (see also errors and exceptions)
throws clauses, 99, 389
times (see dates and times)
toByteArray(), 223
toCharArray(), 187
Toolkit, 389
TOPDOWNLEFTRIGHT property, 365
toString(), 153, 187, 191, 223
translate(), 333
transparency (see ARGB color model)
triangular arrays, 109
trim(), 189
true (value) (see boolean)
try statements, 61-62, 90, 97, 101, 376, 379, 389
types, 31, 81-86
  array, 103
  casting and, 138-139, 376
  checking, 9
  primitive, 82-84, 122
    boolean, 39, 82, 376
    byte, 82, 376
    char, 80, 82, 84, 376
    double, 82, 84, 378
    float, 82, 84, 380
    int, 82-83, 382
    long, 82-83, 383
    short, 82, 387
    streams for reading/writing, 217
  reference, 84-86
  state of, 17
  void, 91
U
UCS (universal character set), 382, 390
UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 248, 390
unary minus (-) operator, 91
unary plus (+) operator, 91
Unicode character encoding, 79, 382, 390
Uniform Resource Names (URNs), 34, 253
UnknownHostException, 239, 252
UnknownServiceException, 254
unnamed packages, 145
unreachable statements, 90
update(), 286, 332
  using effectively, 345-353
updating
  GUI components, 286-287
  image data, 364-372
URLConnection (class), 258, 264, 269, 273-276
URLContentHandler (class), 258
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), 235, 253-257
  base versus relative, 253
  parsing, 192
  streams and, 254
  URL class, 254
  of vendor, 208
URLStreamHandler (class), 267-273
URLStreamHandlerFactory (object), 267
URNs (Uniform Resource Names), 34, 253
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 248, 390
user input, rejecting, 298
user.dir property, 208, 226
user.home, 208
user-level security, 19-21
user.name, 208
UTF-8 encoding, 218, 390
V
validate(), 291, 321
VariableGridLayout (layout manager), 328
variables, 29, 31
  arrays (see arrays)
  assigning, 92
  class, 377
  converting to/from strings, 186-187
  declaring, 31, 83, 87, 113
  default values for, 83
  dot (.) notation, 93, 114
  encapsulation (see encapsulation)
  instance, 38, 113, 382
  interface, 152
  local, 39, 118, 121, 383
  shadowing, 119, 132-134, 387
  static, 52, 115-117
  type checking, 9
  (see also types)
vectors, 196, 200-206, 390
vendor information, 208
verifiers, byte-code, 15-17, 66, 390
-verify option (java), 66
-verifyremote option (java), 66
version information
  Java, 208
  operating system, 208
@version tag, 81
VerticalBagLayout (layout manager), 328
viewing applets, 77, 293-295, 376
virtual
  machines, 4-5
  methods, 11
visibility modifiers, 114, 145-148
  classes and, 144
  private, 14, 36, 53, 131, 385
  protected, 386
  public, 36, 70, 386
  subclasses and, 148
  (see also encapsulation)
Visual BASIC, 15
void (type), 91
vspace attribute (<applet> tag), 75
W
wait(), 172-174, 221
Web browsers, 257-259
  HotJava, 24, 232, 257, 380
  Netscape Navigator, 232, 259
  responding to unknown tags, 74-75
whitespace
  trim(), 189
  as word delimiter, 192
width attribute (<applet> tag), 73, 75
WIDTH (variable), 356
Windows 95, 320
Wksh scripting language, 7
words, parsing strings into, 192
working directory, user, 208
World Wide Web (WWW), 22-24
  browsers (see Web browsers)
wrappers
  classes for, 82
  for primitive types, 195
  stream, 217-220
writability, checking for, 228
write(), 221
  data buffer with, 219
writeInt(), 218
writeUTF(), 218
X
XOR (^) operator, bitwise, 91
XOR (^) operator, boolean, 91
Y
years (see dates and times)
yes/no dialogs (see queries)
yield(), 181
Z
ZIP files, 68, 262

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