Leonardo

Books 345 of course!) that was set into motion by the Brazilian Emperor, Dom Pedro, and President Grant. Among new inventions shown were Howe’s sewing machine and Bell’s telephone. Artistic appreciation was stimulated by an exhibition in the permanent Memorial Hall Art Pavilion, whose presence fostered study abroad. In 1878and 1889Paris had international expositions, the latter drawing 32millionvisitors,double the number of the firstbut the one of 1900 drew 48 million. Of the three, the ‘Centennial of the Revolution’, held in 1889, provided Paris with the Eiffel Tower, the last great structure ofwrought iron to bebuilt. Electricitywas used throughout the grounds for the first time. Edison’s phonograph was demonstrated, and the dame du vetitre (belly dance) caused a commotion that peaked with its performance by Little Egypt at the ‘World‘s Columbian Exposition’ at Chicago in 1893. The architectural style at Chicago, which was officially called Neo-classical Florentine, received a good deal of disparaging comment, since it was imitative rather than innovative. Replicas of Columbus’ three ships, gifts of the Spanish government, had been sailed across thk Atlantic from Palos. Another full-scalereplica, an 80 ft Viking ship (actually longer than the ‘Santa Maria’ of Columbus!) had been sailed from Bergen, Norway. The 250-foot diameter original Ferris wheel was the exhibition feature, matching the Eiffel Tower, without, however, becoming a permanent fixture of the city. I could not dojustice to the history of the first four decades of the great exhibitions, and I could not in this short review cope with the next eight decades during which they were staged the world over. Even the author, who has thoughtfully provided an International Exhibition Check List of over 80events, has words for only a selection of the larger ones. The book provides a unique history of men and women and their ideasand goods, and of their efforts and experiences, filling a gap historians have neglected. The book is handsomely printed, well illustrated and contains an astonishing amount of information. BOOKS RECEIVED AIC Color 77: Proceedingsof the 3rd Congressof the International ColourAssociation. Fred W. Billmeyer,Jr., Animals: Unique Moments. Miriam Austerman. Theorex, La Jolla, Calif., 1977. 59 pp., illus. Paper, $4.95. The Antipodean Manifesto. Bernard Smith. Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1976. 222 pp. Paper, €7.25. Art Anti-Art: Anartism Explored. Hirlirne Parmelin. Marion Boyars, London, 1977. 76 pp. f3.50. Art Deco Posters and Graphics. Jean Dclhaye. Rizzoli. New York, 1977. 96 pp., illus. Paper, $7.95. Art of the Arab World. Esin Atil. Smithsunian Institution Press, Washington, 1975. 153 pp., illus. Paper, TheArts of China. Michael Sullivan. Univ. California Press, Berkeleyand Los Angeles, and London, 1977 Brancusi: The Kiss. Sidney Geist. Harper & Row, New York, 1978. 111 pp., illus. E6.95; Paper, f3.95. Combinatorics withEmphasis on the Theory of Graphs.J. E. Graver and M. E. Watkins. Springer, New York Concepf Formation. Neil Bolton. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1977. 163 pp. Paper, $6.50. The Cosmic Frontiers of General Relativity. WilliamJ. Kaufmann, 111. Little, Brown, Boston, Mass., 1977. Crystals and Light. Elizabeth A. Wood. Dover, New York, 1977 (revised edition). 156 pp., illus. $2.75. Divining in the Primary Sense: Unfamiliar Radiation in Nature, Art and Science. Herbert Weaver. Routledge The Dynamics of Architectural Form. Rudolf Arnheim. Univ. California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, Easter Eggs. Victor Houart. Souvenir Press, London, 1978. 128 pp., illus. E6.00. Ethnic and Tourist Arts: Cultural Expressions from the Fourth World. Nelson H. H. Graburn, ed. Univ. Five Variations on the Theme o f Japanese Painting. Leo Bronstein. Bond Wheelwright, Freeport, Maine, French Sculptors of the 17th and 18th Centuries: The Reign of Louis XIV. (Catalogue A-F). Francois Futurism. Caroline Tisdall and Angelo Bozzolla. Thames & Hudson, London, 1977. 216 pp., illus. E5.50; Guide to Basic Information Sources in the Visual Arts. Gerd Muehsam. CIio Press, Oxford, and Jeffrey TheHidden Rembrandt.J. Bolten and H. Bolten-Rempt. Phaidon Press, Oxford, 1978.207pp.. illus.E1O.OO. High Diver. Michael Wishart. Blond & Briggs, London, 1977. 208 pp., illus. €7.95. The High Frontier: Humat2 Colonies in Space. Gerard K. ONeill. William Morrow, New York, 1976. 288 Horizons.Norman Be1Geddes. Dover, New York, 1977(republication of 1932edition). 293pp., illus. Paper, Human...