Towards #3599.

Test options

• cl /nologo /Bt /Zs /TP /w repro.cpp /std:c++14 /permissive- repro.cpp
• cl /nologo /Bt /Zs /TP /w repro.cpp /std:c++17 /permissive- repro.cpp
• cl /nologo /Bt /Zs /TP /w repro.cpp /std:c++20 /permissive- repro.cpp
• cl /nologo /Bt /Zs /TP /w repro.cpp /std:c++latest /permissive- repro.cpp

Test programs

#include <stack>
int main() {}

#include <queue>
int main() {}

Results

On my old laptop, the changes reduced the consumed time

• for <queue>, from ~1.08s to ~0.57s in C++23 mode;
• for <queue>, from ~0.62s to ~0.49s in C++20 mode;
• for <queue>, from ~0.43s to ~0.37s in C++17 mode;
• for <queue>, from ~0.37s to ~0.33s in C++14 mode;
• for <stack>, from ~0.77s to ~0.51s in C++23 mode.
• not significantly for <stack> in older modes.

Notes

Escape hatch _LEGACY_CODE_ASSUMES_QUEUE_INCLUDES_ALGORITHM can be used to restore the inclusion of <algorithm>.

MSVC-internal changes are needed due to the new internal headers.