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namespace codecs { struct input_type_placeholder { }; inline std::string to_string(const input_type_placeholder& input); } // namespace codecs class sqlitemap_error : public std::runtime_error { public: sqlitemap_error(const std::string& msg) : std::runtime_error("sqlitemap_error - " + msg) {}; }; enum log_level { off = 6000, error = 5000, warn = 4000, info = 3000, debug = 2000, trace = 1000 }; class logger { public: using log_function = std::function; void error(const std::string& msg) const { log(log_level::error, msg); } void warn(const std::string& msg) const { log(log_level::warn, msg); } void info(const std::string& msg) const { log(log_level::info, msg); } void debug(const std::string& msg) const { log(log_level::debug, msg); } void trace(const std::string& msg) const { log(log_level::trace, msg); } void log(log_level level, const std::string& msg) const { if (level < custom_log_level) return; if (custom_log_impl) return custom_log_impl(level, msg); default_log_impl(level, msg); } void register_log_impl(log_function log_impl) { custom_log_impl = log_impl; } void set_level(log_level level) { custom_log_level = level; } log_level get_level() const { return custom_log_level; } private: void default_log_impl(log_level level, const std::string& msg) const { std::lock_guard lg(log_mutex); switch (level) { case log_level::error: case log_level::warn: std::cerr << msg << std::endl; break; default: std::cout << msg << std::endl; } } static inline std::mutex log_mutex; log_function custom_log_impl; log_level custom_log_level = log_level::debug; }; namespace details { template struct can_convert_to_string_std { private: // If to_string() is available for type U, return true template static auto test(U*) -> decltype(std::to_string(std::declval()), std::true_type()); // Fallback when no match is found template static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(nullptr))::value; }; template struct can_convert_to_string_sm { private: // If to_string() is available for type U, return true template static auto test(U*) -> decltype(bw::sqlitemap::codecs::to_string(std::declval()), std::true_type()); // Fallback when no match is found template static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(nullptr))::value; }; template std::string as_string_or(const T& value, const std::string& fallback = std::string("type:") + typeid(T).name()) { if constexpr (can_convert_to_string_sm::value) { return bw::sqlitemap::codecs::to_string(value); } else if constexpr (can_convert_to_string_std::value) { return std::to_string(value); } else if constexpr (std::is_same::value) { return value; } else if constexpr (std::is_same::value) { return value; } else { return fallback; } } inline void require_return_code(int rc, int rc_expected, const std::string& message, sqlite3* db = nullptr) { if (rc != rc_expected) { auto msg = message; if (msg.empty()) { auto e = std::to_string(rc_expected); auto a = std::to_string(rc); msg = "Statement failed. Expect return code " + e + " but was " + a; } auto sqlite_err = db ? sqlite3_errmsg(db) : "carview.php?tsp="; throw sqlitemap_error(msg + (db ? " - sqlite3_errmsg: " : "carview.php?tsp=") + sqlite_err); } } inline void require_return_code(int rc, int rc_expected, sqlite3* db = nullptr) { require_return_code(rc, rc_expected, "carview.php?tsp=", db); } inline void check_ok(int rc, const std::string& message, sqlite3* db = nullptr) { require_return_code(rc, SQLITE_OK, message, db); } inline void check_ok(int rc, sqlite3* db = nullptr) { check_ok(rc, "carview.php?tsp=", db); } inline void check_done(int rc, const std::string& message, sqlite3* db = nullptr) { require_return_code(rc, SQLITE_DONE, message, db); } inline void check_done(int rc, sqlite3* db = nullptr) { check_done(rc, "carview.php?tsp=", db); } template constexpr bool has_native_sqlite_support() { return std::is_same_v || std::is_integral_v || std::is_floating_point_v || std::is_same_v || std::is_same_v; } template T column_value(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, int index) { if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { const char* text = reinterpret_cast(sqlite3_column_text(stmt, index)); if (text) return std::string(text); else return "carview.php?tsp="; } else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v) { if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(int)) { return static_cast(sqlite3_column_int(stmt, index)); } else { return static_cast(sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, index)); } } else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v) { return static_cast(sqlite3_column_double(stmt, index)); } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { const void* data = sqlite3_column_blob(stmt, index); if (data == nullptr) return blob(); int num_bytes = sqlite3_column_bytes(stmt, index); blob result(num_bytes); std::memcpy(result.data(), data, num_bytes); return result; } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return nullptr; // for null values, just return nullptr } else { static_assert(has_native_sqlite_support(), "Unsupported type for sqlite_column_value."); } } template int bind_param(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, int index, const T& value) { if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, index, value.c_str(), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT); } else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v) { if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(int)) { return sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, index, static_cast(value)); } else { return sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, index, static_cast(value)); } } else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v) { return sqlite3_bind_double(stmt, index, static_cast(value)); } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return sqlite3_bind_blob(stmt, index, value.data(), value.size(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT); } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return sqlite3_bind_null(stmt, index); } else { // compile time error for not supported types static_assert(has_native_sqlite_support(), "Unsupported type for sqlite3_bind. Supported types are std::string, " "integral types, floating-point types, and std::nullptr_t."); return SQLITE_ERROR; // should never be reached } } template int bind_param_checked(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, int index, const T& value, const std::string& message = "carview.php?tsp=", sqlite3* db = nullptr) { int rc = bind_param(stmt, index, value); check_ok(rc, message, db); return rc; } inline int prepare_checked(sqlite3* db, const std::string& sql, sqlite3_stmt** stmt) { int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql.c_str(), -1, stmt, nullptr); check_ok(rc, "Failed to prepare statement", db); return rc; } inline int exec_checked(sqlite3* db, const std::string& sql, int (*callback)(void*, int, char**, char**) = nullptr, void* first_arg_to_callback = nullptr) { int rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql.c_str(), callback, first_arg_to_callback, nullptr); check_ok(rc, "Failed to execute statement", db); return rc; } // Base template for function traits template struct function_traits; // Specialization for function pointers template struct function_traits { using return_type = R; using argument_type = Arg; }; // Specialization for lambdas and functors template struct function_traits : function_traits { }; // Specialization for lambdas with const operator() template struct function_traits { using return_type = R; using argument_type = Arg; }; // Ensure specialization for non-const lambdas template struct function_traits { using return_type = R; using argument_type = Arg; }; // Generates a unique name for the temporary sqlite database. static std::string generate_temp_filename() { using namespace std::chrono; std::random_device rd; std::mt19937 gen(rd()); std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(10000, 99999); int random_number = dist(gen); auto now = system_clock::now(); auto timestamp = duration_cast(now.time_since_epoch()).count(); std::string prefix = "sqlitemap"; std::string ts = std::to_string(timestamp); std::string rn = std::to_string(random_number); return prefix + "_" + ts + "_" + rn; } } // namespace details namespace codecs { enum class sqlite_storage_class { INTEGER, REAL, TEXT, BLOB }; template constexpr sqlite_storage_class sqlite_storage_class_from_type() { if constexpr (std::is_integral_v) { return sqlite_storage_class::INTEGER; } else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v) { return sqlite_storage_class::REAL; } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return sqlite_storage_class::TEXT; } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return sqlite_storage_class::TEXT; } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return sqlite_storage_class::BLOB; } } inline std::string to_string(sqlite_storage_class sc) { switch (sc) { case sqlite_storage_class::INTEGER: return "INTEGER"; case sqlite_storage_class::REAL: return "REAL"; case sqlite_storage_class::TEXT: return "TEXT"; case sqlite_storage_class::BLOB: return "BLOB"; default: return "UNKOWN"; } } // identity function, just returns the input template T identity(const T& input) { return input; } /** * @class codec * @brief Base class for encoding and decoding operations. * * This template struct provides a common interface for encoding and decoding * operations, which are used for converting between different data types. * * @tparam IN_T The input type for encoding. * @tparam OUT_T The output type for decoding. * * codec is a fundamental building block of the database management system, * providing the necessary functionality for encoding and decoding operations. */ template struct codec { using in_type = IN_T; using out_type = OUT_T; const std::function encode; const std::function decode; }; struct key_codec_tag { }; template struct key_codec : public codec, public key_codec_tag { using codec::codec; key_codec(std::function encode, std::function decode) : codec{encode, decode} { } }; template struct is_key_codec : std::false_type { // Default case, not a key_codec specialization }; template struct is_key_codec> : std::true_type { // Specialization for key_codec }; struct value_codec_tag { }; template struct value_codec : public codec, public value_codec_tag { using codec::codec; value_codec(std::function encode, std::function decode) : codec{encode, decode} { } }; template struct is_value_codec : std::false_type { // Default case, not a value_codec specialization }; template struct is_value_codec> : std::true_type { // Specialization for value_codec }; template struct unknown_codec_tag : std::false_type { // Define unknown_codec_tag for triggering static assertion }; template auto taged_codec_from(E encoder, D decoder) { using ea_type = typename details::function_traits::argument_type; using er_type = typename details::function_traits::return_type; using da_type = typename details::function_traits::argument_type; using dr_type = typename details::function_traits::return_type; // Ensure that decode function's input type matches encode function's output type static_assert(std::is_same_v, std::decay_t>, "Decoder input type must match Encoder output type"); // Ensure that decode function's output type matches the original type being encoded static_assert(std::is_same_v, std::decay_t>, "Decoder return type must match Encoder input type"); if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return key_codec, std::decay_t>{encoder, decoder}; } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v) { return value_codec, std::decay_t>{encoder, decoder}; } else { static_assert(unknown_codec_tag::value, "Unknown codec tag type"); } } template auto taged_codec_from() { using namespace codecs; using ED = decltype(&identity); return taged_codec_from(identity, identity); } /** * @class codec_pair * @brief Combines key and value codecs for database operations. * * This template struct pairs a key codec and a value codec, which are used * for encoding and decoding database keys and values, respectively. * * @tparam KC The key codec type. * @tparam VC The value codec type. * * codec_pair is a fundamental building block of the database management system, * providing the necessary codecs for key and value operations. */ template struct codec_pair { codec_pair(KC k, VC v) : key_codec(k) , value_codec(v) { static_assert(is_key_codec>::value, "KC must be a specialization of key_codec"); static_assert(is_value_codec>::value, "VC must be a specialization of value_codec"); } using key_in_type = typename KC::in_type; using key_out_type = typename KC::out_type; using value_in_type = typename VC::in_type; using value_out_type = typename VC::out_type; const KC key_codec; const VC value_codec; }; template struct is_codec_pair : std::false_type { // Default case, not a codec_pair specialization }; template struct is_codec_pair> : std::true_type { }; } // namespace codecs template auto key_codec(E encoder, D decoder) { return codecs::taged_codec_from(encoder, decoder); } // use identity function of type T to define a key codec template auto key_codec() { static_assert( details::has_native_sqlite_support(), "Type has no native sqlite support which is required when using identity function"); return codecs::taged_codec_from(); } inline auto default_key_codec = key_codec(); template auto value_codec(E encoder, D decoder) { return codecs::taged_codec_from(encoder, decoder); } // use identity function of type T to define a value codec template auto value_codec() { static_assert( details::has_native_sqlite_support(), "Type has no native sqlite support which is required when using identity function"); return codecs::taged_codec_from(); } inline auto default_value_codec = value_codec(); enum class operation_mode { c, // default, open db for read/write, creating table if not exists r, // open db as read-only w, // open db for read/write, but drop table contents first n // create new database (erasing _all_ existing tables!) }; constexpr const char* default_filename = "carview.php?tsp="; constexpr const char* default_table = "unnamed"; constexpr operation_mode default_mode = operation_mode::c; constexpr bool default_auto_commit = false; constexpr log_level default_log_level = log_level::off; /** * @class configuration * @brief Manages database configuration and codec pairs. * * This template class stores and manages configuration parameters for a database * connection, including the codec pair for key and value encoding/decoding. * * @tparam CODEC_PAIR The codec pair type used for encoding and decoding. * * configuration is a key component of the database management system, providing * a structured way to configure database connections and codec pairs. */ template class configuration { public: configuration(CODEC_PAIR codecs) : _codecs(codecs) { static_assert(codecs::is_codec_pair>::value, "CODEC_PAIR must be a specialization of codec_pair"); } CODEC_PAIR codecs() const { return _codecs; } configuration& filename(std::string filename) { _filename = filename; return *this; } std::string filename() const { return _filename; } configuration& table(std::string table) { _table = table; return *this; } std::string table() const { return _table; } configuration& mode(operation_mode mode) { _mode = mode; return *this; } operation_mode mode() const { return _mode; } configuration& auto_commit(bool auto_commit) { _auto_commit = auto_commit; return *this; } bool auto_commit() const { return _auto_commit; } configuration& log_level(log_level log_level) { _log_level = log_level; return *this; } bw::sqlitemap::log_level log_level() const { return _log_level; } configuration& log_impl(logger::log_function log_impl) { _log_impl = log_impl; return *this; } logger::log_function log_impl() const { return _log_impl; } configuration& pragma(const std::string& flag, int value) { return pragma(flag, std::to_string(value)); } configuration& pragma(const std::string& flag, const std::string& value) { return pragma("PRAGMA " + flag + " = " + value); } configuration& pragma(const std::string& statement) { std::string prefix = "PRAGMA "; if (statement.size() < prefix.size() || !std::equal(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), statement.begin(), [](char a, char b) { return std::tolower(a) == std::tolower(b); })) { _pragma_statements.push_back(prefix + statement); return *this; } _pragma_statements.push_back(statement); return *this; } const std::vector& pragmas() const { return _pragma_statements; } private: CODEC_PAIR _codecs; std::string _filename = default_filename; std::string _table = default_table; operation_mode _mode = default_mode; bool _auto_commit = default_auto_commit; bw::sqlitemap::log_level _log_level = default_log_level; logger::log_function _log_impl; std::vector _pragma_statements; }; template auto config(CODEC_PAIR codec) { if constexpr (codecs::is_codec_pair>::value) { return configuration(codec); } else if constexpr (codecs::is_key_codec>::value) { return configuration(codecs::codec_pair(codec, default_value_codec)); } else if constexpr (codecs::is_value_codec>::value) { return configuration(codecs::codec_pair(default_key_codec, codec)); } else { static_assert(codecs::unknown_codec_tag::value, "Unknown CODEC_PAIR type"); } } template auto config(KC key_codec, VC value_codec) { return config(codecs::codec_pair(key_codec, value_codec)); } // Uses key type K and value type V to create configuration from // both corresponding identity functions template inline auto config() { return config(key_codec(), value_codec()); } inline auto config() { return config(default_key_codec, default_value_codec); } enum class column_option { key, value, key_value, }; /** * @class lazy_result * @brief Provides lazy evaluation and caching of SQL query results. * * This template class manages the deferred (lazy) evaluation of results from * SQL queries executed on a SQLite database. It decodes keys and values using * a provided codec pair and supports different column retrieval modes via the * column_option template parameter. * * The class internally manages the SQLite statement lifecycle and caches results * as they are accessed, allowing efficient repeated access to previously evaluated rows. * * @tparam CODEC_PAIR The codec pair type used for encoding and decoding. * @tparam KV The key-value type for the result set. * @tparam COL_OPT The column option type (key, value, or key_value). * * lazy_result is designed for single-pass or sequential access patterns, but it caches * all evaluated rows for efficient repeated access. It is not thread-safe. */ template class lazy_result { public: using value_type = KV; using size_type = size_t; using db_key_type = typename CODEC_PAIR::key_out_type; using db_mapped_type = typename CODEC_PAIR::value_out_type; lazy_result(sqlite3* db, const std::string& query, const configuration* config) : _db(db) , _query(query) , _config(config) , _stmt(nullptr) , _stmt_completed(false) , _num_rows(0) { details::prepare_checked(_db, query, &_stmt); } lazy_result(value_type&& row, const configuration* config) : _db(nullptr) , _query("carview.php?tsp=") , _config(config) , _stmt(nullptr) , _stmt_completed(true) , _num_rows(0) { cache_item(std::move(row)); } ~lazy_result() { finalize_stmt(); } const value_type& operator[](size_type index) const { load_data(index); return _data[index]; } size_type evaluated_num_rows() const { return _num_rows; } bool result_completed() const { return _stmt_completed; } void advance() const { cache_next(); } private: void load_data(size_type to_index) const { if (_stmt_completed && to_index < _data.size()) return; if (_stmt_completed && to_index >= _num_rows) throw std::range_error("Tried to iterate over max num of rows"); auto need_iteration = [&](size_type i) { if (i <= to_index) return true; return !_stmt_completed && i == to_index + 1; }; for (int i = _data.size(); need_iteration(i); i++) { cache_next(); } } // returns next item, or empty when no item is left std::optional eval_next() const { int rc = sqlite3_step(_stmt); if (rc == SQLITE_ROW) { if constexpr (COL_OPT == column_option::key_value) { auto key = details::column_value(_stmt, 0); auto decoded_key = _config->codecs().key_codec.decode(key); auto value = details::column_value(_stmt, 1); auto decoded_value = _config->codecs().value_codec.decode(value); return value_type{decoded_key, decoded_value}; } else if constexpr (COL_OPT == column_option::key) { auto key = details::column_value(_stmt, 0); auto decoded_key = _config->codecs().key_codec.decode(key); return decoded_key; } else if constexpr (COL_OPT == column_option::value) { auto value = details::column_value(_stmt, 0); auto decoded_value = _config->codecs().value_codec.decode(value); return decoded_value; } else { static_assert(COL_OPT == column_option::key || COL_OPT == column_option::value || COL_OPT == column_option::key_value, "Unsupported column option"); throw sqlitemap_error("Unsopported column option"); } } else if (rc == SQLITE_DONE) { finalize_stmt(); } else { // Finalize the statement in case of error and throw an exception auto msg = "Error during SQLite iteration: " + std::string(sqlite3_errmsg(_db)); finalize_stmt(); throw sqlitemap_error(msg); } return std::nullopt; } void cache_item(value_type&& item) const { _num_rows++; _data.push_back(std::move(item)); } void cache_next() const { auto row = eval_next(); if (row.has_value()) { cache_item(std::move(*row)); } } void finalize_stmt() const { if (!_stmt || _stmt_completed) return; sqlite3_finalize(_stmt); _stmt_completed = true; } sqlite3* _db; std::string _query; const configuration* _config; sqlite3_stmt* _stmt; mutable bool _stmt_completed; mutable size_type _num_rows; mutable std::vector _data; }; /** * @class sqlitemap_iterator * @brief An input iterator for iterating over SQL query results. * * This template class provides an iterator interface for traversing * the results of an SQL query executed on a SQLite database. It supports * standard input iterator operations such as incrementing and dereferencing. * * @tparam CODEC_PAIR The codec pair type used for encoding and decoding. * @tparam KV The key-value type for the iterator. * @tparam COL_OPT The column option type. * * The iterator is constructed either from a database query or directly * from a row. It uses a lazy evaluation strategy to fetch results as needed. * The iterator ensures that it does not advance past the end of the result set. * * @note This iterator is limited to input operations only, meaning it can * only be used for single-pass algorithms that process elements sequentially. * It does not support operations such as bidirectional traversal or random access. */ template class sqlitemap_iterator { public: using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag; using value_type = KV; using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t; using pointer = const value_type*; using reference = const value_type&; using size_type = size_t; using result_type = lazy_result; sqlitemap_iterator(sqlite3* db, const std::string& query, const configuration* config) : _lazy_result(std::make_shared(db, query, config)) , _is_end(false) { advance(); } sqlitemap_iterator(value_type&& row, const configuration* config) : _lazy_result(std::make_shared(std::move(row), config)) , _is_end(false) { advance(); } sqlitemap_iterator() : _is_end(true) { } sqlitemap_iterator& operator++() { if (_is_end) { throw std::out_of_range("Incrementing the iterator past the end is not allowed."); } advance(); return *this; } sqlitemap_iterator operator++(int) { sqlitemap_iterator temp = *this; ++temp; return temp; } sqlitemap_iterator operator+(difference_type n) const { sqlitemap_iterator temp = *this; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ++temp; return temp; } bool operator==(const sqlitemap_iterator& other) const { if (_is_end && other._is_end) return true; return _is_end == other._is_end && // _current_index == other._current_index && // _lazy_result == other._lazy_result; } bool operator!=(const sqlitemap_iterator& other) const { return !(*this == other); } reference operator*() const { return (*_lazy_result)[*_current_index]; } pointer operator->() const { return &(**this); } private: void advance() { if (check_for_end()) return; if (!_lazy_result->result_completed()) { _lazy_result->advance(); } if (check_for_end()) { _current_index = std::nullopt; } else { _current_index = _current_index ? ++(*_current_index) : 0; } } bool check_for_end() { if (!_lazy_result) { _is_end = true; } else if (_lazy_result->result_completed()) { bool is_empty = _lazy_result->evaluated_num_rows() == 0; bool reached_last_index = _current_index >= _lazy_result->evaluated_num_rows() - 1; if (is_empty || reached_last_index) _is_end = true; } return _is_end; } std::optional _current_index; std::shared_ptr _lazy_result; bool _is_end; }; /** * @class const_sqlitemap_iterator * @brief Const iterator for iterating over database rows. * * This template class provides a const iterator for iterating over database rows, * which is the const version of sqlitemap_iterator. * * @tparam CODEC_PAIR The codec pair type used for encoding and decoding. * @tparam KV The key-value type used for database operations. * @tparam COL_OPT The column option used for database operations. * * const_sqlitemap_iterator is the const version of sqlitemap_iterator and follows the same * principles. */ template class const_sqlitemap_iterator { public: using base_iterator = sqlitemap_iterator; using iterator_category = typename base_iterator::iterator_category; using value_type = typename base_iterator::value_type; using difference_type = typename base_iterator::difference_type; using pointer = const value_type*; // Pointer to const value using reference = const value_type&; // Reference to const value const_sqlitemap_iterator(sqlite3* db, const std::string& query, const configuration* config) : base_iter_(db, query, config) { } const_sqlitemap_iterator(value_type&& row, const configuration* config) : base_iter_(std::move(row), config) { } const_sqlitemap_iterator() = default; reference operator*() const { return base_iter_.operator*(); } pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); } const_sqlitemap_iterator& operator++() { ++base_iter_; return *this; } const_sqlitemap_iterator operator+(difference_type n) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ++base_iter_; return *this; } bool operator==(const const_sqlitemap_iterator& other) const { return base_iter_ == other.base_iter_; } bool operator!=(const const_sqlitemap_iterator& other) const { return base_iter_ != other.base_iter_; } private: base_iterator base_iter_; }; inline std::vector get_tablenames(const std::string& filename) { if (!std::filesystem::exists(filename)) throw sqlitemap_error("File " + filename + " does not exist"); sqlite3* db; int rc = sqlite3_open(filename.c_str(), &db); details::check_ok(rc, "Cannot open database at " + filename, db); sqlite3_stmt* stmt = nullptr; auto sql = R"(SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type="table")"; details::prepare_checked(db, sql, &stmt); std::vector tables; try { int rc = sqlite3_step(stmt); while (rc == SQLITE_ROW) { auto table = details::column_value(stmt, 0); tables.push_back(table); rc = sqlite3_step(stmt); } details::check_done(rc); } catch (const std::exception& e) { sqlite3_finalize(stmt); throw; } sqlite3_finalize(stmt); return tables; } template struct sqlitemap_node_type { using value_type = std::optional>; sqlitemap_node_type() { } sqlitemap_node_type(K key, V&& value) : kv({key, value}) { } K& key() { return kv->first; } V& mapped() { return kv->second; } operator bool() const { return kv.operator bool(); } private: value_type kv; }; /** * @class sqlitemap * @brief High-level C++ interface for SQLite-based key-value maps with codec support. * * This template class provides a flexible, type-safe, and efficient interface for managing * key-value data in a SQLite database. It supports custom codecs for encoding/decoding keys * and values, allowing seamless integration with a variety of C++ types and database schemas. * * The class exposes STL-like map operations, including insertion, lookup, deletion, and iteration. * It supports both mutable and const iterators for traversing key-value pairs, keys, or values. * * Key features: * - Customizable key/value codecs via the CODEC_PAIR template parameter * - STL-style interface (find, insert, erase, begin/end iterators, etc.) * - Efficient lazy evaluation and caching of query results * - Strong type safety for all operations * - Integration with custom configuration objects * * @tparam CODEC_PAIR The codec pair type used for encoding and decoding keys and values. * Defaults to the codec pair from the global config(). * * * @note Only single-pass iteration is supported to enable lazy evaluation and caching of query * results. As a result, iterators returned by STL-like operations are intended solely for data * access; advancing or reusing them in multiple passes is not supported. */ template class sqlitemap { public: using key_type = typename CODEC_PAIR::key_in_type; using mapped_type = typename CODEC_PAIR::value_in_type; // type that corresponds to value in db using value_type = std::pair; // important! tuple of (key,value) using node_type = sqlitemap_node_type; using db_key_type = typename CODEC_PAIR::key_out_type; using db_mapped_type = typename CODEC_PAIR::value_out_type; using size_type = size_t; using iterator = sqlitemap_iterator; using const_iterator = const_sqlitemap_iterator; using key_iterator = sqlitemap_iterator; using const_key_iterator = const_sqlitemap_iterator; using value_iterator = sqlitemap_iterator; using const_value_iterator = const_sqlitemap_iterator; struct sqlitemap_insert_return_type { iterator position; // Iterator to the inserted element or the existing one bool inserted; // True if insertion happened, false if key already exists node_type node; // The node, if insertion didn't happen (ownership is returned) }; using insert_return_type = sqlitemap_insert_return_type; template class value_ref { public: value_ref(sqlitemap* map, const K& key, V value) : _map(map) , _key(key) , _val(value) { } value_ref& operator=(const value_ref& other) = delete; value_ref& operator=(V value) { _map->set(_key, value); _val = value; return *this; } operator V() const { return _val; } bool operator==(const V& other_value) { return _val == other_value; } private: sqlitemap* _map; K _key; V _val; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const value_ref& ref) { os << ref._val; return os; } }; sqlitemap(std::string filename = default_filename, std::string table = default_table, operation_mode mode = default_mode, bool auto_commit = default_auto_commit, log_level log_level = default_log_level) : sqlitemap(bw::sqlitemap::config() // use default configuration .filename(filename) .table(table) .mode(mode) .auto_commit(auto_commit) .log_level(log_level)) { } sqlitemap(configuration config) : _config(std::move(config)) { log().set_level(_config.log_level()); if (_config.log_impl()) log().register_log_impl(_config.log_impl()); namespace fs = std::filesystem; try { if (_config.filename().empty()) { auto dir = fs::temp_directory_path(); auto file = details::generate_temp_filename(); _config.filename((dir / file).string()); _in_temp = true; } if (_config.mode() == operation_mode::n && fs::exists(_config.filename())) fs::remove(_config.filename()); } catch (std::exception& ex) { throw sqlitemap_error(ex.what()); } auto dir = fs::path(_config.filename()).parent_path(); if (dir.is_relative()) dir = fs::current_path() / dir; if (!in_memory() && !fs::exists(dir)) throw sqlitemap_error("The directory does not exist: " + dir.string()); log().debug("sqlitemap - file: '" + _config.filename() + "' table: '" + _config.table() + "' sqlite3_libversion: " + sqlite3_libversion()); connect(); } ~sqlitemap() { try { close(); } catch (std::exception& ex) { log().error(std::string("Descruction of sqlitemap failed. Error: ") + ex.what()); } } void open_database(const std::string& file) { try { int rc = SQLITE_ERROR; if (is_read_only()) { // open database but do not create one if missing rc = sqlite3_open_v2(file.c_str(), &db, SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, nullptr); } else { // open or create the database rc = sqlite3_open(file.c_str(), &db); } details::check_ok(rc, "Cannot open database", db); log().debug("Database '" + config().filename() + "' opened successfully!"); } catch (const std::exception& e) { sqlite3_close(db); throw; } } // Connects to the underlying database and initializes the table if required. Throws exception // in error cases. void connect() { using namespace codecs; try { open_database(config().filename()); if (is_read_only()) { std::vector tables = get_tablenames(config().filename()); if (std::find(tables.begin(), tables.end(), config().table()) == tables.end()) { std::string error_message = "Refusing to create a new table '" + config().table() + "' in read-only DB mode"; throw sqlitemap_error(error_message); } } // execute pragma statements for (const auto& pragma_statement : config().pragmas()) { details::exec_checked(db, pragma_statement); } // create table if missing auto key_type = codecs::to_string(sqlite_storage_class_from_type()); auto value_type = codecs::to_string(sqlite_storage_class_from_type()); auto create_table_sql = sql("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS :table (key " + key_type + " PRIMARY KEY, value " + value_type + ")"); details::exec_checked(db, create_table_sql); commit(); log().debug("Table '" + config().table() + "' created successfully"); if (config().mode() == operation_mode::w) { clear(); } } catch (const std::exception& e) { sqlite3_close(db); throw; } } // Get the underlying SQLite connection object, this is used for advanced users // who want to use the connection directly to execute custom queries sqlite3* get_connection() const { return db; } void set(const key_type& key, const mapped_type& value) { if (is_read_only()) throw sqlitemap_error("Refusing to write to read-only sqlitemap"); sqlite3_stmt* stmt = nullptr; auto set_sql = sql("REPLACE INTO :table (key, value) VALUES (?,?)"); details::prepare_checked(db, set_sql, &stmt); try { auto encoded_key = _config.codecs().key_codec.encode(key); details::bind_param_checked(stmt, 1, encoded_key, "Failed to bind key", db); auto encoded_value = _config.codecs().value_codec.encode(value); details::bind_param_checked(stmt, 2, encoded_value, "Failed to bind value", db); // sqlite auto commits changes when _no_ transactions was started by user if (!config().auto_commit()) begin_transaction(); details::check_done(sqlite3_step(stmt), db); sqlite3_finalize(stmt); } catch (const std::exception& e) { // clean up and rethrow the exception sqlite3_finalize(stmt); throw; } } // get value associated with key. Throws a sqliteman_error when key does not exist // also cf. try_get for a not throwing alternative mapped_type get(const key_type& key) const { try { return try_get(key).value(); } catch (const std::bad_optional_access& e) { throw sqlitemap_error("Key '" + details::as_string_or(key) + "' not found in database"); } } // get optional value associated with key. std::optional try_get(const key_type& key) const { sqlite3_stmt* stmt = nullptr; auto get_sql = sql("SELECT value FROM :table WHERE key = ?"); details::prepare_checked(db, get_sql, &stmt); try { auto encoded_key = _config.codecs().key_codec.encode(key); details::bind_param_checked(stmt, 1, encoded_key, "Failed to bind key", db); int rc = sqlite3_step(stmt); if (rc == SQLITE_DONE) { sqlite3_finalize(stmt); return std::nullopt; } details::require_return_code(rc, SQLITE_ROW, "Failed to execute statement", db); auto value = details::column_value(stmt, 0); sqlite3_finalize(stmt); auto decoded_value = _config.codecs().value_codec.decode(value); return decoded_value; } catch (const std::exception& e) { // clean up and rethrow the exception sqlite3_finalize(stmt); throw; } } value_ref at(const key_type& key) { return value_ref(this, key, get(key)); } value_ref operator[](const key_type& key) { try { return at(key); } catch (std::exception& ex) { auto default_value = mapped_type(); set(key, default_value); return value_ref(this, key, default_value); } } void del(const key_type& key) { if (is_read_only()) throw sqlitemap_error("Refusing to delete from read-only sqlitemap"); sqlite3_stmt* stmt = nullptr; auto del_sql = sql("DELETE FROM :table WHERE key = ?"); details::prepare_checked(db, del_sql, &stmt); try { auto encoded_key = _config.codecs().key_codec.encode(key); details::bind_param_checked(stmt, 1, encoded_key, "Failed to bind key", db); // sqlite auto commits changes when _no_ transactions was started by user if (!config().auto_commit()) begin_transaction(); details::check_done(sqlite3_step(stmt), db); sqlite3_finalize(stmt); } catch (const std::exception& e) { // Clean up and rethrow the exception sqlite3_finalize(stmt); throw; } } size_t size() const { // `select count (*)` is super slow in sqlite but ok for now? auto count_callback = [](void* count_ptr, int argc, char** argv, char** col_name) { int* row_count = (int*)count_ptr; *row_count = atoi(argv[0]); // The result of COUNT(*) is in the first column return 0; }; int row_count = 0; auto count_sql = sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM :table"); details::exec_checked(db, count_sql, count_callback, &row_count); return row_count; } bool empty() const { return size() == 0; } std::pair insert(const value_type& kv) { if (is_read_only()) throw sqlitemap_error("Refusing to insert into read-only sqlitemap"); auto mapped = try_get(kv.first); if (mapped) return {find(kv.first), false}; set(kv.first, kv.second); return {find(kv.first), true}; } std::pair insert(value_type&& kv) { return insert(kv); } insert_return_type insert(node_type&& node) { if (is_read_only()) throw sqlitemap_error("Refusing to insert into read-only sqlitemap"); if (!node) return {end(), false, std::move(node)}; auto result = insert({node.key(), node.mapped()}); return {result.first, result.second, result.second ? node_type() : std::move(node)}; } void insert(std::initializer_list> list) { return insert(list.begin(), list.end()); } template void insert(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) { if (is_read_only()) throw sqlitemap_error("Refusing to insert into read-only sqlitemap"); for (; __first != __last; ++__first) { if (!contains(__first->first)) set(__first->first, __first->second); } } template std::pair insert_or_assign(const key_type& key, Object&& value) { if (is_read_only()) throw sqlitemap_error("Refusing to write to read-only sqlitemap"); auto result = try_emplace(key, std::forward