TorchDR is an open-source library for dimensionality reduction (DR) built on PyTorch. DR constructs low-dimensional representations (or embeddings) that best preserve the intrinsic geometry of an input dataset encoded via a pairwise affinity matrix. TorchDR provides GPU-accelerated implementations of popular DR algorithms in a unified framework, ensuring high performance by leveraging the latest advances of the PyTorch ecosystem.

🚀 Blazing Fast: engineered for speed with GPU acceleration, torch.compile support, and optimized algorithms leveraging sparsity and negative sampling.

🧩 Modular by Design: very component is designed to be easily customized, extended, or replaced to fit your specific needs.

🪶 Memory-Efficient: natively handles sparsity and memory-efficient symbolic operations to process massive datasets without memory overflows.

🤝 Seamless Integration: Fully compatible with the scikit-learn and PyTorch ecosystems. Use familiar APIs and integrate effortlessly into your existing workflows.

📦 Minimal Dependencies: requires only PyTorch, NumPy, and scikit‑learn; optionally add Faiss for fast k‑NN or KeOps for symbolic computation.

TorchDR offers a user-friendly API similar to scikit-learn where dimensionality reduction modules can be called with the fit_transform method. It seamlessly accepts both NumPy arrays and PyTorch tensors as input, ensuring that the output matches the type and backend of the input.

from sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml
from torchdr import UMAP
x = fetch_openml("mnist_784").data.astype("float32")
z = UMAP(n_neighbors=30).fit_transform(x)

TorchDR is fully GPU compatible, enabling significant speed-ups when a GPU is available. To run computations on the GPU, simply set device="cuda" as shown in the example below:

z_gpu = UMAP(n_neighbors=30, device="cuda").fit_transform(x)

TorchDR supports torch.compile for an additional performance boost on modern PyTorch versions. Just add the compile=True flag as follows:

z_gpu_compile = UMAP(n_neighbors=30, device="cuda", compile=True).fit_transform(x)

The backend keyword specifies which tool to use for handling kNN computations and memory-efficient symbolic computations.

• Set backend="faiss" to rely on Faiss for fast kNN computations (Recommended).
• To perform exact symbolic tensor computations on the GPU without memory limitations, you can leverage the KeOps library. This library also allows computing kNN graphs. To enable KeOps, set backend="keops".
• Finally, setting backend=None will use raw PyTorch for all computations.

TorchDR provides a suite of neighbor embedding methods.

Linear-time (Negative Sampling). State-of-the-art speed on large datasets: UMAP, LargeVis, InfoTSNE, PACMAP.

Quadratic-time (Exact Repulsion). Compute the full pairwise repulsion: SNE, TSNE, TSNEkhorn, COSNE.

Remark. For quadratic-time algorithms, TorchDR provides exact implementations that scale linearly in memory using backend=keops. For TSNE specifically, one can also explore fast approximations, such as FIt-SNE implemented in tsne-cuda, which bypass full pairwise repulsion.

TorchDR provides various spectral embedding methods: PCA, IncrementalPCA, KernelPCA, PHATE.

Relying on TorchDR enables an orders-of-magnitude improvement in runtime performance compared to CPU-based implementations. See the code.

See the examples folder for all examples.

MNIST. (Code) A comparison of various neighbor embedding methods on the MNIST digits dataset.

CIFAR100. (Code) Visualizing the CIFAR100 dataset using DINO features and TSNE.

TorchDR features a wide range of affinities which can then be used as a building block for DR algorithms. It includes:

• Affinities based on k-NN normalizations: SelfTuningAffinity, MAGICAffinity, UMAPAffinity, PHATEAffinity, PACMAPAffinity.
• Doubly stochastic affinities: SinkhornAffinity, DoublyStochasticQuadraticAffinity.
• Adaptive affinities with entropy control: EntropicAffinity, SymmetricEntropicAffinity.

TorchDR provides efficient GPU-compatible evaluation metrics: silhouette_score.

Install the core torchdr library from PyPI:

pip install torchdr

⚠️ torchdr does not install faiss-gpu or pykeops by default. You need to install them separately to use the corresponding backends.

• Faiss (Recommended): For the fastest k-NN computations, install Faiss. Please follow their official installation guide. A common method is using conda:

  conda install -c pytorch -c nvidia faiss-gpu

• KeOps: For memory-efficient symbolic computations, install PyKeOps.

  pip install pykeops

If you want to use the latest, unreleased version of torchdr, you can install it directly from GitHub:

pip install git+https://github.com/torchdr/torchdr

If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to open an issue on the issue tracker or contact Hugues Van Assel directly.