This is a package aimed at providing a pure Julia engine for LaTeX math mode. It is composed of two main parts: a LaTeX parser and a LaTeX engine, both only for LaTeX math mode.
- Parsing of (possibly nested) LaTeX expression and creation of a layout for them.
- Equivalence between traditional LaTeX commands and their unicode input equivalent.
- Pure julia.
The characters in a math expression come from a variety of fonts depending on their role (most notably italic for variable, regular for functions, math for the symbols).
A set of such font forms a FontFamily, and several are predefined here (NewComputerModer, TeXGyreHeros, TeXGyrePagella, and LucioleMath)
and can be access by FontFamily(name).
A font family is defined by a dictionary of the paths of the font files:
julia> FontFamily("NewComputerModern")
FontFamily with 13.0° slant angle and 0.0375 line thickness
bold => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-Bold.otf
bolditalic => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-BoldItalic.otf
italic => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-Italic.otf
math => NewComputerModern\NewCMMath-Regular.otf
regular => NewComputerModern\NewCMMath-Regular.otfCurrently, there are two ways to get the font information to Makie.
First, change the global default font family using set_texfont_family!,
which take either a font family as an argument or a list of (Symbol, path to the font file) pairs.
# Change to a different font familiy entirely
julia> set_texfont_family!(FontFamily("LucioleMath"))
FontFamily with 13.0° slant angle and 0.0375 line thickness
bold => Luciole-Math\Luciole-Bold.ttf
bolditalic => Luciole-Math\Luciole-Bold-Italic.ttf
italic => Luciole-Math\Luciole-Regular-Italic.ttf
math => Luciole-Math\Luciole-Math.otf
regular => Luciole-Math\Luciole-Regular.ttf
# Change just the regular and bold fonts, keep the default for the rest
julia> set_texfont_family!(
regular = raw"C:\Users\Kolaru\.julia\dev\MathTeXEngine\experimental\utopia\Utopia-Regular.ttf",
bold = raw"C:\Users\Kolaru\.julia\dev\MathTeXEngine\experimental\utopia\Utopia-Bold.ttf")
FontFamily with 13.0° slant angle and 0.0375 line thickness
bold => C:\Users\Kolaru\.julia\dev\MathTeXEngine\experimental\utopia\Utopia-Bold.ttf
bolditalic => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-BoldItalic.otf
italic => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-Italic.otf
math => NewComputerModern\NewCMMath-Regular.otf
regular => C:\Users\Kolaru\.julia\dev\MathTeXEngine\experimental\utopia\Utopia-Regular.ttf
# Switch back to the default
julia> set_texfont_family!()
FontFamily with 13.0° slant angle and 0.0375 line thickness
bold => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-Bold.otf
bolditalic => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-BoldItalic.otf
italic => NewComputerModern\NewCM10-Italic.otf
math => NewComputerModern\NewCMMath-Regular.otf
regular => NewComputerModern\NewCMMath-Regular.otfAlternatively, the special command \fontfamily{FontName} can be used in the LaTeX string itself
to choose the font, for example L"\fontfamily{TeXGyreHeros}x^2 + y^2 = 1".
The font name must be in the global dictionary MathTeXEngin.default_font_families.
If needed, it can be extended at runtime.
The main use of the package is through generate_tex_elements taking a LaTeX string as input and return a list of tuples (TeXElement, position, scale) where TeXElement is one of the following:
TeXChar(char, font)a unicode character to be displayed in a specific font.VLine(height, thickness)a vertical line.HLine(width, thickness)an horizontal line.
This contains enough information to then draw everything with any plotting package that can draw arbitrary glyph in arbitrary font. The position is the origin of the character according to FreeType.
Positions and scales are given for a font size of 1. For bigger font size they simply need to be multiplied by the font size.
The engine should support every construction the parser does (see below).
Currently the only font set supported is Computer Modern.
julia> using MathTeXEngine
julia> generate_tex_elements(L"\beta_2")
2-element Vector{Any}:
(TeXChar 'β' [U+00AF in cmmi10 - Regular], [0.0, 0.0], 1.0)
(TeXChar '2' [U+0032 in cmr10 - Regular], [0.56494140625, -0.20000000298023224], 0.6)The L"..." macro is reexported from LaTeXStrings.jl and used to convey the information that we want the given string to be interpreted as LaTeX. Note that since we are using Computer Modern, which is a pre-unicode font family, the characters are distributed across a bunch of different fonts.
Also note that Unicode character can be used directly and are equivalent to their command.
julia> generate_tex_elements(L"β_2")
2-element Vector{Any}:
(TeXChar 'β' [U+00AF in cmmi10 - Regular], [0.0, 0.0], 1.0)
(TeXChar '2' [U+0032 in cmr10 - Regular], [0.56494140625, -0.20000000298023224], 0.6)Using the inline math mode with $...$ is supported. However, currently, line breaks or line wraps are not.
julia> generate_tex_elements(L"b $β_2$")
4-element Vector{Any}:
(TeXChar 'b' [U+0062 in cmr10 - Regular], [0.0, 0.0], 1.0)
(TeXChar ' ' [U+0020 in cmr10 - Regular], [0.55517578125, 0.0], 1.0)
(TeXChar 'β' [U+00AF in cmmi10 - Regular], [0.88818359375, 0.0], 1.0)
(TeXChar '2' [U+0032 in cmr10 - Regular], [1.453125, -0.20000000298023224], 0.6)Some LaTeX constructs, mainly square roots and fractions generate additional lines that are not representing a character. The HLine or VLine object contain all information needed to draw the line correctly.
julia> elements = generate_tex_elements(L"\frac{1}{2}")
3-element Vector{Any}:
(HLine{Float64}(0.614990234375, 0.009765625), [0.0, 0.210693359375], 1.0)
(TeXChar '1' [U+0031 in cmr10 - Regular], [0.1405029296875, 0.42626953125], 1.0)
(TeXChar '2' [U+0032 in cmr10 - Regular], [0.1077880859375, -0.6708984375], 1.0)
julia> hline = elements[1][1]
HLine{Float64}(0.614990234375, 0.009765625)
julia> hline.width
0.614990234375
julia> hline.thickness
0.009765625A flat list is always returned even if the LaTeX expression is deeply nested.
julia> generate_tex_elements(L"A_{B_{C_D}}")
4-element Vector{Any}:
(TeXChar 'A' [U+0041 in cmmi10 - Regular], [0.0, 0.0], 1.0)
(TeXChar 'B' [U+0042 in cmmi10 - Regular], [0.75, -0.20000000298023224], 0.6)
(TeXChar 'C' [U+0043 in cmmi10 - Regular], [1.2046875, -0.3200000047683716], 0.36)
(TeXChar 'D' [U+0044 in cmmi10 - Regular], [1.4616796874999998, -0.3920000058412552], 0.216)Parsing is done through the exported function texparse into nested TeXExpr objects forming a tree. The parser does not perform any operation to layout the elements, it only transforms them into a syntax tree.
The readme file in the src/parser folder contains more details about the inner working of the parser.
The table below contains the list of all supported LaTeX construction and their representation when parsed.
| Description | LaTeX example | Expression head | Fields |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accent | \vec{v} |
:accent |
symbol, core |
| Char | x |
:char |
|
| Digit | 3 |
:digit |
|
| Delimiter | \left( \right) |
:delimited |
left_delimiter, content, right_delimiter |
| Fraction | \frac{}{} |
:frac |
numerator, denumerator |
| Function | \sin |
:function |
name |
| Generic symbol | ω |
:symbol |
unicode_char |
| Group | { } |
:group |
elements... |
| Inline math | $ $ |
:inline_math |
content |
| Integral | \int_a^b |
:integral |
symbol, low_bound, high_bound |
| Math fonts | \mathrm{} |
:font |
font_modifier, expr |
| Punctuation | ! |
:punctuation |
|
| Simple delimiter | ( |
:delimiter |
|
| Square root | \sqrt{2} |
:sqrt |
content |
| Space | \quad |
:space |
width |
| Spaced symbol | + |
:spaced |
symbol |
| Subscript and superscript | x_0^2 |
:decorated |
core, subscript, superscript |
| Symbol with script under and/or over it | \sum_i^k |
:underover |
symbol, under, over |
julia> texparse(raw"\beta_2")
TeXExpr :expr
└─ TeXExpr :decorated
├─ TeXExpr :symbol
│ └─ 'β'
├─ TeXExpr :digit
│ └─ '2'
└─ nothingThe Unicode input are supported at the parser level.
julia> expr = texparse(raw"β_2")
TeXExpr :expr
└─ TeXExpr :decorated
├─ TeXExpr :symbol
│ └─ 'β'
├─ TeXExpr :digit
│ └─ '2'
└─ nothingTeXExpr have the same head - args structure as the built-in Expr.
julia> expr.args[1].head
:decorated
julia> expr.args[1].args
3-element Vector{Any}:
TeXExpr :symbol
└─ 'β'
TeXExpr :digit
└─ '2'
nothingThe font inspector site FontDrop! has been invaluable for this package.