Journal of Supreme Court History

72. Isaac Wayne MacVeagh (1833–1917), lawyer and diplomat, joined the Republican party because of his opposition to slavery. He was President Garfield’s Attorney General in 1881, and ambassador to Italy from 1893 to 1897. He served as chief counsel at the Hague Tribunal in 1903.

73. John Calvin Brown (1827–1899) was a Confederate veteran in spite of his opposition to secession, and postwar governor of Tennessee.

74. Charles B. Lawrence (1820–1883) served as a justice on the Illinois Supreme Court from 1865 to 1870 and was made Chief Justice in 1867. He went on to support Harlan’s nomination to the Supreme Court.

75. Joseph Roswell Hawley (1826–1905), an antislavery crusader turned soldier-politician, helped organize the Republican party in Connecticut. Hawley was a colonel of Union volunteers who distinguished himself in battle, at one point leading African-American troops in Virginia. He served four terms in the Senate.

76. John Sherman (1823–1900) founded the Republican Party in Ohio and served in as a congressman and senator, as well as Secretary of the Treasury under Hayes and Secretary of State under McKinley. Sherman made several attempts at the Republican presidential nomination.

77. William Eaton Chandler (1835–1917) supported Ulysses S. Grant’s presidential campaign as secretary of the Republican National Committee. He was disenchanted by corruption in the Grant administration. He helped swing the Florida electoral vote to Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876.

78. Stephen B. Packard fought in the Civil War and became Louisiana’s U.S. Marshal in 1871. After the collapse of his gubernatorial claims in Louisiana, he was made the U.S. consul in Liverpool.

79. Francis Redding Tillou Nicholls (1834–1912), a West Point graduate, served in the Confederate Army. In 1877, Nicholls became governor of Louisiana in a controversial election. He quickly replaced the state supreme court judges appointed by the Reconstruction government. His administration imposed racial segregation laws that were upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).