<filter-function>

div {
  width: 100%;
  height: 512px;
  background: url(fx-nightly-512.png);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center center;
  filter: <filter-function>(<value>);
}

<div></div>
<ul>
  <li>
    <label for="filter-select">フィルター関数を選択:</label>
    <select id="filter-select">
      <option selected>blur</option>
      <option>brightness</option>
      <option>contrast</option>
      <option>drop-shadow</option>
      <option>grayscale</option>
      <option>hue-rotate</option>
      <option>invert</option>
      <option>opacity</option>
      <option>saturate</option>
      <option>sepia</option>
    </select>
  </li>
  <li><input type="range" /><output></output></li>
  <li>
    <p>現在の値: <code></code></p>
  </li>
</ul>

div {
  width: 100%;
  height: 512px;
  background-image: url(https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/fx-nightly-512.png);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center center;
}
li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
input {
  width: 60%;
}
output {
  width: 5%;
  text-align: center;
}
select {
  width: 40%;
  margin-left: 2px;
}

const selectElem = document.querySelector("select");
const divElem = document.querySelector("div");
const slider = document.querySelector("input");
const output = document.querySelector("output");
const curValue = document.querySelector("p code");
selectElem.addEventListener("change", () => {
  setSlider(selectElem.value);
  setDiv(selectElem.value);
});
slider.addEventListener("input", () => {
  setDiv(selectElem.value);
});
function setSlider(filter) {
  switch (filter) {
    case "blur":
      slider.value = 0;
      slider.min = 0;
      slider.max = 30;
      slider.step = 1;
      slider.setAttribute("data-unit", "px");
      break;
    case "brightness":
    case "contrast":
    case "saturate":
      slider.value = 1;
      slider.min = 0;
      slider.max = 4;
      slider.step = 0.05;
      slider.setAttribute("data-unit", "");
      break;
    case "drop-shadow":
      slider.value = 0;
      slider.min = -20;
      slider.max = 40;
      slider.step = 1;
      slider.setAttribute("data-unit", "px");
      break;
    case "opacity":
      slider.value = 1;
      slider.min = 0;
      slider.max = 1;
      slider.step = 0.01;
      slider.setAttribute("data-unit", "");
      break;
    case "grayscale":
    case "invert":
    case "sepia":
      slider.value = 0;
      slider.min = 0;
      slider.max = 1;
      slider.step = 0.01;
      slider.setAttribute("data-unit", "");
      break;
    case "hue-rotate":
      slider.value = 0;
      slider.min = 0;
      slider.max = 360;
      slider.step = 1;
      slider.setAttribute("data-unit", "deg");
      break;
    default:
      console.error("Unknown filter set");
  }
}
function setDiv(filter) {
  const unit = slider.getAttribute("data-unit");
  const offset = `${Math.round(slider.value)}${unit}`;
  const radius = `${Math.round(Math.abs(slider.value / 2))}${unit}`;
  divElem.style.filter =
    filter === "drop-shadow"
      ? `${selectElem.value}(${offset} ${offset} ${radius})`
      : `${selectElem.value}(${slider.value}${unit})`;
  updateOutput();
  updateCurValue();
}
function updateOutput() {
  output.textContent = slider.value;
}
function updateCurValue() {
  curValue.textContent = `filter: ${divElem.style.filter}`;
}
setSlider(selectElem.value);
setDiv(selectElem.value);