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Inserts a null character on os.
Its behavior is equivalent to calling
Errors are signaled by modifying the internal state flags of os:
Multiple flags may be set on os by a single operation.
If the operation sets an internal state flag of os that was registered using its member exceptions, the function throws an exception of type ios_base::failure.
Concurrent access to the same stream object may cause data races, except for the standard stream objects (cout, cerr, clog, wcout, wcerr and wclog) when these are synchronized with stdio (in this case, no data races are initiated, although no guarantees are given on the order in which characters from multiple threads are inserted).
It throws an exception of member type failure if the resulting error state flag of os is not goodbit and member exceptions was set to throw for that state.
Any exception thrown by an internal operation is caught and handled by the function, setting os's badbit. If badbit was set on the last call to exceptions for os, the function rethrows the caught exception.
Reference
C library:
- <cassert> (assert.h)
- <cctype> (ctype.h)
- <cerrno> (errno.h)
-
<cfenv> (fenv.h)C++11
- <cfloat> (float.h)
-
<cinttypes> (inttypes.h)C++11
- <ciso646> (iso646.h)
- <climits> (limits.h)
- <clocale> (locale.h)
- <cmath> (math.h)
- <csetjmp> (setjmp.h)
- <csignal> (signal.h)
- <cstdarg> (stdarg.h)
-
<cstdbool> (stdbool.h)C++11
- <cstddef> (stddef.h)
-
<cstdint> (stdint.h)C++11
- <cstdio> (stdio.h)
- <cstdlib> (stdlib.h)
- <cstring> (string.h)
-
<ctgmath> (tgmath.h)C++11
- <ctime> (time.h)
-
<cuchar> (uchar.h)C++11
- <cwchar> (wchar.h)
- <cwctype> (wctype.h)
Containers:
-
<array>C++11
- <deque>
-
<forward_list>C++11
- <list>
- <map>
- <queue>
- <set>
- <stack>
-
<unordered_map>C++11
-
<unordered_set>C++11
- <vector>
-
Input/Output:
Multi-threading:
-
<atomic>C++11
-
<condition_variable>C++11
-
<future>C++11
-
<mutex>C++11
-
<thread>C++11
-
Other:
- <algorithm>
- <bitset>
-
<chrono>C++11
-
<codecvt>C++11
- <complex>
- <exception>
- <functional>
-
<initializer_list>C++11
- <iterator>
- <limits>
- <locale>
- <memory>
- <new>
- <numeric>
-
<random>C++11
-
<ratio>C++11
-
<regex>C++11
- <stdexcept>
- <string>
-
<system_error>C++11
-
<tuple>C++11
-
<type_traits>C++11
-
<typeindex>C++11
- <typeinfo>
- <utility>
- <valarray>
function
<ostream> <iostream>
std::ends
| for ostream | ostream& ends (ostream& os); |
|---|---|
| basic template | template <class charT, class traits>basic_ostream<charT,traits>& ends (basic_ostream<charT,traits>& os); |
Insert null character
Its behavior is equivalent to calling
os.put('\0') (or os.put(charT()) for other character types).Parameters
- os
- Output stream object where character is inserted.
Because this function is a manipulator, it is designed to be used alone with no arguments in conjunction with the insertion (<<) operations on output streams.
Return Value
Argument os.Errors are signaled by modifying the internal state flags of os:
| flag | error |
|---|---|
| eofbit | - |
| failbit | May be set if the construction of a sentry object failed. |
| badbit | Either the insertion on the stream failed, or some other error happened (such as when this function catches an exception thrown by an internal operation). When set, the integrity of the stream may have been affected. |
If the operation sets an internal state flag of os that was registered using its member exceptions, the function throws an exception of type ios_base::failure.
Data races
Modifies os.Concurrent access to the same stream object may cause data races, except for the standard stream objects (cout, cerr, clog, wcout, wcerr and wclog) when these are synchronized with stdio (in this case, no data races are initiated, although no guarantees are given on the order in which characters from multiple threads are inserted).
Exception safety
Basic guarantee: if an exception is thrown, os is in a valid state.It throws an exception of member type failure if the resulting error state flag of os is not goodbit and member exceptions was set to throw for that state.
Any exception thrown by an internal operation is caught and handled by the function, setting os's badbit. If badbit was set on the last call to exceptions for os, the function rethrows the caught exception.
See also
- endl
- Insert newline and flush (function)
- ostream::operator<<
- Insert formatted output (public member function)
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Spotted an error? contact us