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examples/ 40775 765 765 0 6202377757 11253 5 ustar david david examples/section2/ 40775 765 765 0 6202405670 12763 5 ustar david david examples/section2/throwtest.class 100664 765 765 3460 6202405670 16155 0 ustar david david ???? - m h X Y L R l a G F c : ; < V ` B ] J C 7 @ K _ i g
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ConstantValue
input too low MyOtherException: i = (Ljava/lang/String;)V
Exceptions (Ljava/lang/String;)I MySubException
SourceFile java/lang/System java/lang/Integer main (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; input still too low
MyException: append ()V java/lang/Throwable MyOtherException MySubException: c b a out ([Ljava/lang/String;)V Must specify an argument println toString Ljava/io/PrintStream; throwtest parseInt Handled at point 2 Handled at point 1 Code LocalVariables ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; (java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
getMessage java/lang/NumberFormatException java/lang/StringBuffer c(i) = ()Ljava/lang/String; input too high print (I)V java/lang/Object
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? #?h? 8 c $ e . g 8 i B k > e I Z *? &? 8 A k examples/section2/throwtest.java 100664 765 765 10055 6131224174 16006 0 ustar david david // Here we define some exception types of our own.
// Exception classes generally have constructors but no data or
// other methods. All these do is to call their superclass constructors.
class MyException extends Exception {
public MyException() { super(); }
public MyException(String s) { super(s); }
}
class MyOtherException extends Exception {
public MyOtherException() { super(); }
public MyOtherException(String s) { super(s); }
}
class MySubException extends MyException {
public MySubException() { super(); }
public MySubException(String s) { super(s); }
}
// This class demonstrates defining, throwing and handling exceptions.
// Try invoking it in the following ways and try to understand the
// output:
// java throwtest
// java throwtest one
// java throwtest 0
// java throwtest 1
// java throwtest 99
// java throwtest 2
// java throwtest 3
public class throwtest {
// This is the main() method. Note that it uses two
// catch clauses to handle two standard Java exceptions.
public static void main(String argv[]) {
int i;
// First, convert our argument to an integer
// Make sure we have an argument and that it is convertible.
try {
i = Integer.parseInt(argv[0]);
}
catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { // argv is empty
System.out.println("Must specify an argument");
return;
}
catch (NumberFormatException e) { // argv[0] isn't an integer
System.out.println("Must specify an integer argument.");
return;
}
// Now, pass that integer to method a().
a(i);
}
// This method invokes b(), which is declared to throw
// one type of exception. We handle that one exception.
public static void a(int i) {
try {
b(i);
}
catch (MyException e) { // Point 1.
// Here we handle MyException and
// its subclass MyOtherException
if (e instanceof MySubException)
System.out.print("MySubException: ");
else
System.out.print("MyException: ");
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
System.out.println("Handled at point 1");
}
}
// This method invokes c(), and handles one of the
// two exception types that that method can throw. The other
// exception type is not handled, and is propagated up
// and declared in this method's throws clause.
// This method also has a finally clause to finish up
// the work of its try clause. Note that the finally clause
// is executed after a local catch clause, but before a
// a containing catch clause or one in an invoking procedure.
public static void b(int i) throws MyException {
int result;
try {
System.out.print("i = " + i);
result = c(i);
System.out.print(" c(i) = " + result);
}
catch (MyOtherException e) { // Point 2
// Handle MyOtherException exceptions:
System.out.println("MyOtherException: " + e.getMessage());
System.out.println("Handled at point 2");
}
finally {
// Terminate the output we printed above with a newline.
System.out.print("\n");
}
}
// This method computes a value or throws an exception.
// The throws clause only lists two exceptions, because
// one of the exceptions thrown is a subclass of another.
public static int c(int i) throws MyException, MyOtherException {
switch (i) {
case 0: // processing resumes at point 1 above
throw new MyException("input too low");
case 1: // processing resumes at point 1 above
throw new MySubException("input still too low");
case 99:// processing resumes at point 2 above
throw new MyOtherException("input too high");
default:
return i*i;
}
}
}
examples/section2/MyException.class 100664 765 765 572 6202405670 16337 0 ustar david david ???? -
MySubException
ConstantValue throwtest
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code (Ljava/lang/String;)V MyException throwtest.java MyOtherException java/lang/Exception ()V *? ? *+? ? examples/section2/MyOtherException.class 100664 765 765 572 6202405670 17341 0 ustar david david ???? -
MySubException
ConstantValue throwtest
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code (Ljava/lang/String;)V MyException throwtest.java MyOtherException java/lang/Exception ()V *? ? *+? ?
examples/section2/MySubException.class 100664 765 765 541 6202405670 17005 0 ustar david david ???? -
MySubException
ConstantValue throwtest
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code (Ljava/lang/String;)V MyException throwtest.java MyOtherException ()V *? ?
*+? ?
examples/index.html 100664 765 765 32560 6131245331 13352 0 ustar david david
Java in a Nutshell Example Code
Java in a Nutshell Example Code
The Java programming examples shown here are from the book
Java in a Nutshell,
by David Flanagan, published by O'Reilly & Associates.
The examples were written by David Flanagan, and are Copyright (c) 1996
by O'Reilly and Associates. You may study, use, and modify these
examples for any purpose, but note that they are provided with NO
WARRANTY express or implied.
You may also download the complete set of examples as a
zip file
or as a
compressed tar file
or as a
gzipped tar file.
Note that a number of the examples here, particularly those in Section
5, do not stand alone--they rely on other examples from the book or on
images from subdirectories. Thus, if you want to experiment with the
examples, I recommend that you download the entire distribution by ftp,
rather than downloading the examples one at a time through your Web
browser.
A Note on Bugs and Portability
The example code here has all been tested on my platform. That means
that it will probably, but not necessarily, run on your platform--Java
is still not as portable as it should be, and there are still buggy
implementations out there. If you have trouble with any of these
examples, please first try to figure out the problem, and then send
e-mail to bookquestions@ora.com. In your e-mail, please be sure to
mention what platform you're using (i.e. what type of computer, what
version of the operating system, and what vendor and version of Java you
are using.) If you have found a workaround to the problem on your
platform, please include it so we'll be able to share that workaround
with others who have the same problem. You might also want to submit a
bug report to the vendor of your Java environment.
The Examples
The examples from the book are all below. Each one has a short
description, and a link that will take you to the source code. In
addition, there are links that will allow you to run most of the applet
examples directly. Enjoy!
David Flanagan April 5th, 1996
Example 1-2
Scribble --
an applet of intermediate complexity, used as an example in the
introductory chapter. Click and scribble in the window.
view source coderun the applet
Example 2-3
throwtest --
an application that demonstrates how to define, throw, and
handle exceptions. This application doesn't do anything other
than print out some text, but if you might want to study it and play
around with it to learn more about how exceptions work in Java. See
the usage instructions in the source code.
view source code
Scribble --
a simple applet with user interaction. Click and scribble
in the window. This applet cannot refresh itself.
view source coderun the applet
Example 4-4
EventTester --
play with the mouse and keyboard in this window. It will
tell you what events are generated.
view source coderun the applet
Example 4-5
ColorScribble --
the scribble applet in color. The colors are specified
by tags in the HTML file, and are read by the applet code.
view source coderun the applet
StandaloneScribble --
an applet converted to run as a standalone Java
application.
view source code
Example 5-1
InfoDialog --
a dialog box with a message and an Okay button.
Suitable for inclusion in applications or applets.
view source code
Example 5-2
YesNoDialog --
a dialog box with a message and two buttons with
configurable text. Suitable for inclusion in applications or applets.
This example won't run by itself; it must be used within some other
application or applet, like Example 5-5.
view source code
Example 5-3
ReallyQuitDialog --
a subclass of the previous example; asks if the user
really wants to quit. Suitable for inclusion in applications or applets.
This example won't run by itself; it must be used within some other
application or applet, like Example 5-5.
view source code
Example 5-4
AllComponents --
a big window with an example of each kind of GUI
component supported by Java. Note: This examples relies on many of the other
examples in this section, including Example 5-6, which has portability
problems on some platforms. See Example 5-6 for details.
view source code
Example 5-5
AllEvents --
a subclass of the previous example that shows how to handle
events from each of the GUI components.Note: This examples relies on
many of the other examples in this section, including Example 5-6, which
has portability problems on some platforms. See Example 5-6 for
details.
view source code
Example 5-6
ScrollableScribble -- an example of working with scrollbars. This class
was used in Example 5-4 and Example 5-5. Note that there are some
portability problems with this example (that may also effect examples
5-4 and 5-5.)
On Java ports that are still based on the JDK beta 1
release, certain Scrollbar methods aren't defined, and this example
won't compile or run correctly.
One user (Scott Gartner) of Symantec
Cafe on a Windows platform has reported that he has had to change the
code of this example to get it to work correctly. You can download his
version below. The problem seems to have to do with the coordinate
system in which mouse events are reported.
MultiLineLabel --
an example of creating a custom GUI component. This
is the multi-line label component used in the dialog boxes of examples
5-1 and 5-2.
view source code
Example 6-1
FileViewer --
reads the contents of a specified file and displays them
in a window.
view source code
Example 6-2
FileLister --
reads the contents of a directory and displays them.
Double clicking on an item displays the file or directory contents.
view source code
Example 6-3
FileCopy --
copy a file. Like Unix cp or DOS copy.
view source code
Example 6-4
GrepInputStream --
an example of subclassing FilterInputStream to do
custom filtering.
view source code
Example 6-5
Grep --
an example of using a FilterInputStream subclass.
view source code
Example 6-6
Pipes --
a complicated but rewarding example of using pipes in Java.
view source code
Example 7-1
Fetch --
this example demonstrates how you can use the URL.getContent()
method to download plain text files (but not HTML or other kinds of text
files). Invoke this program with the URL of a text file as its only
argument. If you use a file: URL, you may have to give the file a .txt
extension so the system recognizes it as a plain text file.
This example also contains a fetchimage() method that uses
URL.getContent() to download images in GIF and other common
file formats. You can use the separate FetchImageTest class to
demonstrate the use of the fetchimage() method.
These plain text and image fetching examples rely on "content handlers"
internal to the Java implementation. They work on JDK systems, but may
not work on other Java implementations, if those implementations do not
include the appropriate content handlers. If you attempt to download a
file with an unsupported content type, the example will generate an
exception and exit.
GetURLInfo --
demonstrates how to obtain more information about a URL,
and how to have more control over downloading the contents of the URL.
view source code
Server --
a server that can accept connections from any number of
clients. This example provides the service of reversing the characters
on each line it reads and sending the reversed lines back.
view source code
Example 7-6
Client --
an example client to work with the previous example.
view source code
Example 7-7
AppletClient --
a client implemented as an applet. You cannot directly run this applet
here because the server (Example 7-5) is not running. To test this
applet, bear in mind that for reasons of applet security, the server
must be running on the same machine that the applet is loaded from.
A number of people have reported having trouble getting this example to
work, and I have not been able to diagnose the problem. The applet does
at least work with the Linux port of the 1.0.1 JDK, when both the server
and applet are running on the local machine. If this applet does not
work for you, it may be that your Java implementation is at fault.
Networking is one of the areas in which Java is not yet as portable as
it should be.
view source code
Server --
another Server example with more sophisticated thread usage.
view source code
Example 9-4
Client --
another client example also with more sophisticated thread usage.
view source code
examples/section1/ 40775 765 765 0 6202405647 12766 5 ustar david david examples/section1/Scribble.java 100664 765 765 5641 6111146402 15447 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Scribble extends Applet {
private int last_x = 0;
private int last_y = 0;
private Color current_color = Color.black;
private Button clear_button;
private Choice color_choices;
// Called to initialize the applet.
public void init() {
// Set the background color
this.setBackground(Color.white);
// Create a button and add it to the applet.
// Also, set the button's colors
clear_button = new Button("Clear");
clear_button.setForeground(Color.black);
clear_button.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
this.add(clear_button);
// Create a menu of colors and add it to the applet.
// Also set the menus's colors and add a label.
color_choices = new Choice();
color_choices.addItem("black");
color_choices.addItem("red");
color_choices.addItem("yellow");
color_choices.addItem("green");
color_choices.setForeground(Color.black);
color_choices.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
this.add(new Label("Color: "));
this.add(color_choices);
}
// Called when the user clicks the mouse to start a scribble
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y)
{
last_x = x; last_y = y;
return true;
}
// Called when the user scribbles with the mouse button down
public boolean mouseDrag(Event e, int x, int y)
{
Graphics g = this.getGraphics();
g.setColor(current_color);
g.drawLine(last_x, last_y, x, y);
last_x = x;
last_y = y;
return true;
}
// Called when the user clicks the button or chooses a color
public boolean action(Event event, Object arg) {
// If the Clear button was clicked on, handle it.
if (event.target == clear_button) {
Graphics g = this.getGraphics();
Rectangle r = this.bounds();
g.setColor(this.getBackground());
g.fillRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
return true;
}
// Otherwise if a color was chosen, handle that
else if (event.target == color_choices) {
String colorname = (String) arg;
if (arg.equals("black")) current_color = Color.black;
else if (arg.equals("red")) current_color = Color.red;
else if (arg.equals("yellow")) current_color = Color.yellow;
else if (arg.equals("green")) current_color = Color.green;
return true;
}
// Otherwise, let the superclass handle it.
else return super.action(event, arg);
}
}
examples/section1/Scribble.html 100664 765 765 452 6111147316 15452 0 ustar david david
The Scribble Applet
If you're using a Java-enabled browser, please scribble away in the
applet below. If your browser can't run Java applets, you're out of
luck. Sorry!
examples/section1/Scribble.class 100664 765 765 4125 6202405647 15641 0 ustar david david ???? - ? v s ? ^ i r ? X [ a ? ? ? y ? ? } ? 9
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ConstantValue width
Scribble.java target (Ljava/lang/String;)V java/awt/Color *(Ljava/awt/Component;)Ljava/awt/Component; height java/awt/Choice add
Exceptions yellow mouseDrag Ljava/awt/Color; java/awt/Event action
SourceFile (Ljava/lang/Object;)Z (Ljava/awt/Event;II)Z clear_button bounds equals red
color_choices mouseDown ()V ()Ljava/awt/Graphics; Ljava/awt/Button; getGraphics y x green black ()Ljava/awt/Rectangle; drawLine Color: (IIII)V ()Ljava/awt/Color; java/awt/Component I init Ljava/lang/Object; java/awt/Container addItem
current_color
getBackground java/applet/Applet Code LocalVariables %(Ljava/awt/Event;Ljava/lang/Object;)Z last_y last_x java/awt/Rectangle java/awt/Button lightGray Clear Scribble java/awt/Label white
setBackground setColor java/awt/Graphics java/lang/Object Ljava/awt/Choice;
setForeground (Ljava/awt/Color;)V
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My Second Applet
This applet is slightly more sophisticated than the first.
examples/section4/Scribble.java 100664 765 765 1531 6111146407 15451 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Scribble extends Applet {
private int last_x = 0;
private int last_y = 0;
// called when the user clicks
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y)
{
last_x = x; last_y = y;
return true;
}
// called when the mouse moves with the button down
public boolean mouseDrag(Event e, int x, int y)
{
Graphics g = getGraphics();
g.drawLine(last_x, last_y, x, y);
last_x = x;
last_y = y;
return true;
}
}
examples/section4/Scribble.html 100664 765 765 412 6112346303 15447 0 ustar david david
The Scribble Applet
Hold the mouse button down and scribble in the applet.
This applet does not know how to refresh itself.
examples/section4/EventTester.java 100664 765 765 11723 6131074115 16216 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class EventTester extends Applet {
// display the instructions
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("Click, drag, and type in this window.", 10, 20);
}
// Handle mouse events
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y) {
showStatus(modifier_key_names(e.modifiers) +
"Mouse Down: [" + x + "," + y + "]");
return true;
}
public boolean mouseUp(Event e, int x, int y) {
showStatus(modifier_key_names(e.modifiers) +
"Mouse Up: [" + x + "," + y + "]");
return true;
}
public boolean mouseDrag(Event e, int x, int y) {
showStatus(modifier_key_names(e.modifiers) +
"Mouse Drag: [" + x + "," + y + "]");
return true;
}
public boolean mouseEnter(Event e, int x, int y) {
showStatus("Mouse Enter: [" + x + "," + y + "]");
return true;
}
public boolean mouseExit(Event e, int x, int y) {
showStatus("Mouse Exit: [" + x + "," + y + "]");
return true;
}
// Handle focus events
public boolean gotFocus(Event e, Object what) {
showStatus("Got Focus");
return true;
}
public boolean lostFocus(Event e, Object what) {
showStatus("Lost Focus");
return true;
}
// Handle key down and key up events
public boolean keyDown(Event e, int key) {
int flags = e.modifiers;
if (e.id == Event.KEY_PRESS) // a regular key
showStatus("Key Down: "
+ modifier_key_names(flags)
+ key_name(e));
else if (e.id == Event.KEY_ACTION) // a function key
showStatus("Function Key Down: "
+ modifier_key_names(flags)
+ function_key_name(key));
return true;
}
public boolean keyUp(Event e, int key) {
int flags = e.modifiers;
if (e.id == Event.KEY_RELEASE) // a regular key
showStatus("Key Up: "
+ modifier_key_names(flags)
+ key_name(e));
else if (e.id == Event.KEY_ACTION_RELEASE) // a function key
showStatus("Function Key Up: "
+ modifier_key_names(flags)
+ function_key_name(key));
return true;
}
// The remaining methods help us sort out the various key events
// Return the current list of modifier keys
private String modifier_key_names(int flags) {
String s = "[ ";
if (flags == 0) return "";
if ((flags & Event.SHIFT_MASK) != 0) s += "Shift ";
if ((flags & Event.CTRL_MASK) != 0) s += "Control ";
if ((flags & Event.META_MASK) != 0) s += "Meta ";
if ((flags & Event.ALT_MASK) != 0) s += "Alt ";
s += "] ";
return s;
}
// Return the name of a regular (ASCII) key.
private String key_name(Event e) {
char c = (char) e.key;
// If CTRL flag is set, handle ASCII control characters.
if (e.controlDown()) {
if (c < ' ') {
c += '@';
return "^" + c;
}
}
else {
// If CTRL flag is not set, then certain ASCII
// control characters have special meaning.
switch (c) {
case '\n': return "Return";
case '\t': return "Tab";
case '\033': return "Escape";
case '\010': return "Backspace";
}
}
// Handle the remaining possibilities.
if (c == '\177') return "Delete";
else if (c == ' ') return "Space";
else return String.valueOf(c);
}
// Return the name of a function key.
private String function_key_name(int key) {
switch(key) {
case Event.HOME: return "Home";
case Event.END: return "End";
case Event.PGUP: return "Page Up";
case Event.PGDN: return "Page Down";
case Event.UP: return "Up Arrow";
case Event.DOWN: return "Down Arrow";
case Event.LEFT: return "Left Arrow";
case Event.RIGHT: return "Right Arrow";
case Event.F1: return "F1"; case Event.F2: return "F2";
case Event.F3: return "F3"; case Event.F4: return "F4";
case Event.F5: return "F5"; case Event.F6: return "F6";
case Event.F7: return "F7"; case Event.F8: return "F8";
case Event.F9: return "F9"; case Event.F10: return "F10";
case Event.F11: return "F11"; case Event.F12: return "F12";
}
return "Unknown Function Key";
}
}
examples/section4/EventTester.html 100664 765 765 506 6111151125 16171 0 ustar david david
The EventTester Applet
Enter, leave, click, drag, and type in this applet.
It will show you what events have occured in the status line below.
Try it with Shift, Control, and other modifier keys.
examples/section4/ColorScribble.java 100664 765 765 3613 6111146405 16451 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class ColorScribble extends Scribble {
// Read in two color parameters and set the colors.
public void init() {
super.init();
Color foreground = getColorParameter("foreground");
Color background = getColorParameter("background");
if (foreground != null) this.setForeground(foreground);
if (background != null) this.setBackground(background);
}
// Read the specified parameter. Interpret it as a hexidecimal
// number of the form RRGGBB and convert it to a color.
protected Color getColorParameter(String name) {
String value = this.getParameter(name);
int intvalue;
try { intvalue = Integer.parseInt(value, 16); }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { return null; }
return new Color(intvalue);
}
// Return info about the supported parameters. Web browsers and applet
// viewers should display this information, and may also allow users to
// set the parameter values.
public String[][] getParameterInfo() {
String[][] info = {
// Array of arrays of strings describing each parameter.
// Format: parameter name, parameter type, parameter description
{"foreground", "hexidecimal color value", "foreground color"},
{"background", "hexidecimal color value", "background color"}
};
return info;
}
// Return information suitable for display in an About dialog box.
public String getAppletInfo() {
return "Scribble v. 0.02.\nWritten by David Flanagan.";
}
}
examples/section4/ColorScribble.html 100664 765 765 526 6111150650 16451 0 ustar david david
The ColorScribble Applet
Hold the mouse button down and scribble in the applet.
This applet does not know how to refresh itself.
examples/section4/ClearableScribble.html 100664 765 765 613 6111150707 17245 0 ustar david david
The ClearableScribble Applet
Hold the mouse button down and scribble in the applet.
The Clear button erases the scribble.
This applet does not know how to refresh itself.
examples/section4/Imagemap.java 100664 765 765 10213 6202403450 15454 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Imagemap extends Applet {
protected Image image; // image to display.
protected Vector rects; // list of rectangles in it.
public void init() {
// load the image to be displayed.
image = this.getImage(this.getDocumentBase(),
this.getParameter("image"));
// lookup a list of rectangular areas and the URLs they map to.
rects = new Vector();
ImagemapRectangle r;
int i = 0;
while((r = getRectangleParameter("rect" + i)) != null) {
rects.addElement(r);
i++;
}
}
// Called when the applet is being unloaded from the system.
// We use it here to "flush" the image. This may result in memory
// and other resources being freed quicker than they otherwise would.
public void destroy() { image.flush(); }
// Display the image.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this);
}
// We override this method so that it doesn't clear the background
// before calling paint(). Makes for less flickering in some situations.
public void update(Graphics g) { paint(g); }
// find the rectangle we're inside
private ImagemapRectangle findrect(int x, int y) {
int i;
ImagemapRectangle r = null;
for(i = 0; i < rects.size(); i++) {
r = (ImagemapRectangle) rects.elementAt(i);
if (r.inside(x, y)) break;
}
if (i < rects.size()) return r;
else return null;
}
private ImagemapRectangle lastrect;
// On button down, highlight the rectangle, and display a message
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y) {
ImagemapRectangle r = findrect(x, y);
if (r == null) return false;
Graphics g = this.getGraphics();
g.setXORMode(Color.red);
g.drawRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
lastrect = r;
this.showStatus("To: " + r.url);
return true;
}
// On button up, unhighlight the rectangle.
// If still inside the rectangle go to the URL
public boolean mouseUp(Event e, int x, int y) {
if (lastrect != null) {
Graphics g = this.getGraphics();
g.setXORMode(Color.red);
g.drawRect(lastrect.x, lastrect.y, lastrect.width, lastrect.height);
this.showStatus("");
ImagemapRectangle r = findrect(x,y);
if ((r != null) && (r == lastrect))
this.getAppletContext().showDocument(r.url);
lastrect = null;
}
return true;
}
// Parse a comma-separated list of rectangle coordinates and a URL.
protected ImagemapRectangle getRectangleParameter(String name) {
int x, y, w, h;
URL url;
String value = this.getParameter(name);
if (value == null) return null;
try {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(value, ",");
x = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
y = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
w = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
h = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
url = new URL(this.getDocumentBase(), st.nextToken());
}
catch (NoSuchElementException e) { return null; }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { return null; }
catch (MalformedURLException e) { return null; }
return new ImagemapRectangle(x, y, w, h, url);
}
}
// A helper class. Just like java.awt.Rectangle, but with a new URL field.
// The constructor lets us create them from parameter specifications.
class ImagemapRectangle extends Rectangle {
URL url;
public ImagemapRectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h, URL url) {
super(x, y, w, h);
this.url = url;
}
}
examples/section4/Imagemap.html 100664 765 765 11640 6112406371 15511 0 ustar david david
The Imagemap Applet
Clicking one one of the buttons will make your browser
jump to the appropriate section of the table of contents below.
Note the use of the status line.
examples/section4/Animator.java 100664 765 765 4662 6202403376 15510 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
/**
* This applet displays an animation. It doesn't handle errors while
* loading images. It doesn't wait for all images to be loaded before
* starting the animation. These problems will be addressed later.
**/
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Animator extends Applet implements Runnable {
protected Image[] images;
protected int current_image;
// Read the basename and num_images parameters.
// Then read in the images, using the specified base name.
// For example, if basename is images/anim, read images/anim0,
// images/anim1, etc. These are relative to the current document URL.
public void init() {
String basename = this.getParameter("basename");
int num_images;
try { num_images = Integer.parseInt(this.getParameter("num_images")); }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { num_images = 0; }
images = new Image[num_images];
for(int i = 0; i < num_images; i++) {
images[i] = this.getImage(this.getDocumentBase(), basename + i);
}
}
// This is the thread that runs the animation, and the methods
// that start it and stop it.
private Thread animator_thread = null;
public void start() {
if (animator_thread == null) {
animator_thread = new Thread(this);
animator_thread.start();
}
}
public void stop() {
if ((animator_thread != null) && animator_thread.isAlive())
animator_thread.stop();
// We do this so the garbage collector can reclaim the Thread object.
// Otherwise it might sit around in the Web browser for a long time.
animator_thread = null;
}
// This is the body of the thread--the method that does the animation.
public void run() {
while(true) {
if (++current_image >= images.length) current_image = 0;
this.getGraphics().drawImage(images[current_image], 0, 0, this);
this.getToolkit().sync(); // Force it to be drawn *now*.
try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { ; }
}
}
}
examples/section4/Animator.html 100664 765 765 376 6133203701 15502 0 ustar david david
The Animator Applet
Here's a simple animation.
examples/section4/AudioAnimator.java 100664 765 765 2246 6111146403 16460 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AudioAnimator extends Animator {
public void init() {
// do Animator initialization first
super.init();
// look up the name of a sound, and then
// load and play it (just once), in a separate thread.
String soundname = this.getParameter("sound");
new SoundPlayer(this, soundname);
}
}
// This is the thread class that loads and plays the sound
class SoundPlayer extends Thread {
private Applet applet;
private String sound_url;
// Store the information the run() method needs, and start it.
public SoundPlayer(Applet app, String url) {
applet = app;
sound_url = url;
this.start();
}
// This is the code the thread runs to load and play the sound
public void run() { applet.play(applet.getDocumentBase(), sound_url); }
}
examples/section4/AudioAnimator.html 100664 765 765 353 6111150351 16455 0 ustar david david
The AudioAnimator Applet
examples/section4/StandaloneScribble.java 100664 765 765 3267 6111146411 17465 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
// This is a simple example of allowing an applet to run as a standalone
// Java application. The only problem is that when running standalone,
// it can't read applet parameters.
public class StandaloneScribble extends Scribble {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Applet applet = new StandaloneScribble();
Frame frame = new AppletFrame("Scribble", applet, 300, 300);
}
}
class AppletFrame extends Frame {
public AppletFrame(String title, Applet applet, int width, int height) {
// create the Frame with the specified title.
super(title);
// Add a menubar, with a File menu, with a Quit button.
MenuBar menubar = new MenuBar();
Menu file = new Menu("File", true);
menubar.add(file);
file.add("Quit");
this.setMenuBar(menubar);
// Add the applet to the window. Set the window size. Pop it up.
this.add("Center", applet);
this.resize(width, height);
this.show();
// Start the applet.
applet.init();
applet.start();
}
// Handle the Quit menu button.
public boolean action(Event e, Object arg)
{
if (e.target instanceof MenuItem) {
String label = (String) arg;
if (label.equals("Quit")) System.exit(0);
}
return false;
}
}
examples/section4/SecondApplet.class 100664 765 765 1731 6202405722 16472 0 ustar david david ???? - B A 7 + > , 0
5 @ / < : 9 1 4 = 9 & 8 . 9 5 6 ) 6 ; 8 2 3 (Ljava/awt/Graphics;)V SecondApplet
ConstantValue message Ljava/lang/String;
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile drawOval LocalVariables Code
drawString init java/awt/Graphics java/awt/Color SecondApplet.java black font java/applet/Applet setColor setFont (Ljava/awt/Font;)V (Ljava/awt/Color;)V (Ljava/lang/String;II)V Helvetica (IIII)V Ljava/awt/Color; pink fillOval Ljava/awt/Font; red
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? $ % - examples/section4/StandaloneScribble.class 100664 765 765 657 6202405723 17636 0 ustar david david ???? -
+(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/applet/Applet;II)V AppletFrame
ConstantValue
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code main ([Ljava/lang/String;)V StandaloneScribble Scribble StandaloneScribble.java ()V 8 ? Y? L? +,,? ?
*? ? examples/section4/ColorScribble.class 100664 765 765 2367 6202405724 16645 0 ustar david david ???? - G = / * 3 & < 4 + ! 5 9 ? 7 @ F
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background java/awt/Color java/lang/Integer getColorParameter java/awt/Component $(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/awt/Color; java/applet/Applet (Ljava/awt/Color;)V background color ,Scribble v. 0.02.
Written by David Flanagan. &(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String; Scribble
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Exceptions ClearableScribble Ljava/awt/Color; java/awt/Event action
SourceFile clear_button bounds ()V ()Ljava/awt/Graphics; Ljava/awt/Button; getGraphics y x black ()Ljava/awt/Rectangle; (IIII)V ()Ljava/awt/Color; java/awt/Component I init Ljava/lang/Object; java/awt/Container
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ColorScribble ClearableScribble.java
setBackground setColor java/awt/Graphics
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showStatus %Click, drag, and type in this window.
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mouseEnter Tab Delete Backspace valueOf Right Arrow ] F9 F8 F7 F6 F5 ()Z F4 F3 java/lang/StringBuffer F2 F1 ()V lostFocus modifiers EventTester.java keyUp Alt %(Ljava/awt/Event;Ljava/lang/Object;)Z $(Ljava/awt/Event;)Ljava/lang/String;
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Mouse Down: [ key_name ^ ] controlDown (Ljava/awt/Event;II)Z (Ljava/lang/String;)V Unknown Function Key mouseDown Function Key Down: paint
ConstantValue I mouseUp append java/awt/Event Control java/applet/Applet Code Page Down , Got Focus keyDown
Lost Focus LocalVariables EventTester Key Up: F12 F11 F10 Function Key Up: 4 5 ? W ? ' +
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? ??? ????? ? ? ? ?%?(?)?? e B x ` y c z f { i | l } o ~ r u ? x ? ~ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ] ? ? *? F? e ^ ? examples/section4/Animator.class 100664 765 765 3433 6202405734 15667 0 ustar david david ???? - t S Y [ f j E i V q a s < r m
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getToolkit getGraphics basename sync images java/lang/Runnable ()Ljava/awt/Toolkit;
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num_images
Animator.java java/awt/Component I init toString sleep parseInt java/applet/Applet Code 3(Ljava/awt/Image;IILjava/awt/image/ImageObserver;)Z LocalVariables ()Ljava/net/URL; java/lang/InterruptedException ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; Ljava/lang/Thread; java/lang/NumberFormatException java/lang/StringBuffer getParameter ()Ljava/lang/String; java/awt/Toolkit stop getDocumentBase java/awt/Graphics java/awt/Image java/lang/Thread
U K X \ G h ] O b ? M*? L*? ? "=? W=* ?
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" ' # $ & ' AudioAnimator.java java/lang/Thread applet
ConstantValue sound_url Ljava/lang/String;
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile getDocumentBase LocalVariables Code #(Ljava/net/URL;Ljava/lang/String;)V SoundPlayer ()Ljava/net/URL; java/applet/Applet )(Ljava/applet/Applet;Ljava/lang/String;)V Ljava/applet/Applet; play run start ()V
AudioAnimator # " ! ; *? *+? *,? *? ? % ' + *? *? ? *? ?
? examples/section4/ImagemapRectangle.class 100664 765 765 535 6202405735 17443 0 ustar david david ???? -
Ljava/net/URL;
ConstantValue Imagemap
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile url LocalVariables Code java/awt/Rectangle ImagemapRectangle (IIII)V
Imagemap.java (IIIILjava/net/URL;)V 0 * ? *? ? q r p
examples/section4/Imagemap.class 100664 765 765 6325 6202405743 15640 0 ustar david david ???? - ? ? ? v ? m e ? o ? ? ? x ? ? ? ? d ? ? ? ? } S
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addElement
SourceFile
showStatus To: (II)LImagemapRectangle; ImagemapRectangle red toString Ljava/net/URL; LImagemapRectangle;
Exceptions 3(Ljava/awt/Image;IILjava/awt/image/ImageObserver;)Z rect LineNumberTable java/util/NoSuchElementException getParameter flush lastrect size java/lang/NumberFormatException findrect 2(Ljava/net/URL;Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/awt/Image; java/net/MalformedURLException java/util/Vector getRectangleParameter ()Ljava/net/URL; getGraphics ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; getAppletContext ()Ljava/lang/String; drawImage inside
setXORMode (Ljava/awt/Color;)V (Ljava/lang/Object;)V java/applet/AppletContext java/lang/Integer init getImage java/awt/Component ()Ljava/awt/Graphics; nextToken java/lang/StringBuffer getDocumentBase ()V Imagemap ()I (II)Z #(Ljava/net/URL;Ljava/lang/String;)V Ljava/awt/Image; showDocument ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; Ljava/util/Vector; image
Imagemap.java y x (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; java/awt/Graphics java/util/StringTokenizer update width '(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V java/awt/Image (Ljava/awt/Event;II)Z (Ljava/lang/String;)V mouseDown paint
ConstantValue I mouseUp (Ljava/lang/String;)I url append java/applet/Applet Code destroy java/net/URL &(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String; height , '(Ljava/lang/String;)LImagemapRectangle; elementAt drawRect LocalVariables Ljava/awt/Color; (I)Ljava/lang/Object; (Ljava/net/URL;)V rects (IIIILjava/net/URL;)V ? ? ? ? { s ? ? ? ? J***? *? ? *? 8 ? 1? : ? ;? ? ? *? 8? #??? *? 8? #? ?? w . / 0 1 " / 0 3 > 4 ? ? ? ? Y* ? (:? ?*? =:? ? /? 9? 5? 4? 0? **? %*? Y? ? :? $? ? ? ? w " ; < = > ? 6 @ < A W B ? ? ? ? g*? %? a*? =:? ? /*? %? 9*? %? 5*? %? 4*? %? 0? **? * ? (:? *? %? *? ? $? . *? %? w *
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J K 6 L < M D N R O ` P e R ? ? ? ? o*+? <:? ?? Y? ,:? &? 7=? &? 7>? &? 76? &? 76? Y*? ? &? 2:? W?W?W?? Y ? -? S V S Y S \ w : Y Z \ ] ^ $ _ - ` 7 a A b S \ V d Y e \ f _ h i ? ? *? 6? w k ? examples/section4/FirstApplet.java 100664 765 765 1147 6111146406 16163 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*; // Don't forget these import statements!
import java.awt.*;
public class FirstApplet extends Applet {
// This method displays the applet.
// The Graphics class is how you do all drawing in Java.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("Hello World", 25, 50);
}
}
examples/section4/FirstApplet.html 100664 765 765 266 6111151021 16154 0 ustar david david
My First Applet
This is the world's simplest applet.
examples/section4/ClearableScribble.java 100664 765 765 2432 6111146404 17242 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class ClearableScribble extends ColorScribble {
private Button clear_button;
public void init() {
// do ColorScribble initialization first
super.init();
// Create a button and add it to the applet.
clear_button = new Button("Clear");
clear_button.setForeground(Color.black);
clear_button.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
this.add(clear_button);
}
public boolean action(Event event, Object arg) {
// If our button was clicked on, handle it.
// Otherwise, let our superclass handle it if it wants to.
if (event.target == clear_button) {
Graphics g = this.getGraphics();
Rectangle r = this.bounds();
g.setColor(this.getBackground());
g.fillRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
g.setColor(this.getForeground());
return true;
}
else return super.action(event, arg);
}
}
examples/section4/AudioAnimator.class 100664 765 765 761 6202405735 16633 0 ustar david david ???? -
AudioAnimator.java
ConstantValue getParameter
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code init SoundPlayer java/applet/Applet Animator )(Ljava/applet/Applet;Ljava/lang/String;)V &(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String; ()V
AudioAnimator sound 8 *? *? L? *+? ?
*? ? examples/section4/SecondApplet.java 100664 765 765 2321 6111146410 16275 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class SecondApplet extends Applet {
static final String message = "Hello World";
private Font font;
// One-time initialization for the applet
public void init() {
font = new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD, 48);
}
// Draw the applet whenever necessary. Do some fancy graphics.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
// The pink oval
g.setColor(Color.pink);
g.fillOval(10, 10, 330, 100);
// The red outline. java doesn't support wide lines, so we
// try to simulate a 4-pixel wide line by drawing four ovals
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(10,10, 330, 100);
g.drawOval(9, 9, 332, 102);
g.drawOval(8, 8, 334, 104);
g.drawOval(7, 7, 336, 106);
// The text
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.setFont(font);
g.drawString(message, 40, 75);
}
}
examples/section4/FirstApplet.class 100664 765 765 643 6202405736 16334 0 ustar david david ???? -
(Ljava/awt/Graphics;)V
ConstantValue
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SourceFile LocalVariables Code
drawString java/awt/Graphics java/applet/Applet FirstApplet.java (Ljava/lang/String;II)V paint FirstApplet ()V Hello World ' +2? ?
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examples/section4/AppletFrame.class 100664 765 765 2341 6202405737 16315 0 ustar david david ???? - [ F X 8 : > I 5 Z L ; 4 2 M 3 Y E
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ConstantValue target (Ljava/lang/String;)V start java/awt/MenuBar StandaloneScribble AppletFrame java/awt/MenuItem add
Exceptions File (Ljava/awt/MenuBar;)V java/awt/Event java/awt/Frame action
SourceFile java/lang/System
setMenuBar (Ljava/lang/Object;)Z exit equals (Ljava/lang/String;Z)V ()V java/lang/String Center <(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/awt/Component;)Ljava/awt/Component; StandaloneScribble.java java/awt/Component init Ljava/lang/Object; java/awt/Container java/applet/Applet Code LocalVariables resize %(Ljava/awt/Event;Ljava/lang/Object;)Z show (Ljava/awt/Menu;)Ljava/awt/Menu; (II)V +(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/applet/Applet;II)V (I)V Quit
java/awt/Menu java/awt/Window
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- . 0 = H examples/section5/ 40775 765 765 0 6202406022 12756 5 ustar david david examples/section5/AllComponents.java 100664 765 765 17052 6131074617 16535 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
public class AllComponents extends Frame {
MenuBar menubar; // the menubar
Menu file, help; // menu panes
Button okay, cancel; // buttons
List list; // A list of choices
Choice choice; // A menu of choices
CheckboxGroup checkbox_group; // A group of button choices
Checkbox[] checkboxes; // the buttons to choose from
TextField textfield; // One line of text input
TextArea textarea; // A text window
ScrollableScribble scribble; // An area to draw in.
FileDialog file_dialog;
Panel panel1, panel2 ; // Sub-containers for all this stuff.
Panel buttonpanel;
// The layout manager for each of the containers.
GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout();
public AllComponents(String title) {
super(title);
// Create the menubar. Tell the frame about it.
menubar = new MenuBar();
this.setMenuBar(menubar);
// Create the file menu. Add two items to it. Add to menubar.
file = new Menu("File");
file.add(new MenuItem("Open"));
file.add(new MenuItem("Quit"));
menubar.add(file);
// Create Help menu; add an item; add to menubar
help = new Menu("Help");
help.add(new MenuItem("About"));
menubar.add(help);
// Display the help menu in a special reserved place.
menubar.setHelpMenu(help);
// Create pushbuttons
okay = new Button("Okay");
cancel = new Button("Cancel");
// Create a menu of choices
choice = new Choice();
choice.addItem("red");
choice.addItem("green");
choice.addItem("blue");
// Create checkboxes, and group them.
checkbox_group = new CheckboxGroup();
checkboxes = new Checkbox[3];
checkboxes[0] = new Checkbox("vanilla", checkbox_group, false);
checkboxes[1] = new Checkbox("chocolate", checkbox_group, true);
checkboxes[2] = new Checkbox("strawberry", checkbox_group, false);
// Create a list of choices.
list = new List(4, true);
list.addItem("Java"); list.addItem("C"); list.addItem("C++");
list.addItem("Smalltalk"); list.addItem("Lisp");
list.addItem("Modula-3"); list.addItem("Forth");
// Create a one-line text field, and multi-line text area.
textfield = new TextField(15);
textarea = new TextArea(6, 40);
textarea.setEditable(false);
// Create a scrolling canvas to scribble in.
scribble = new ScrollableScribble();
// Create a file selection dialog box
file_dialog = new FileDialog(this, "Open File", FileDialog.LOAD);
// Create a Panel to contain all the components along the
// left hand side of the window. Use a GridBagLayout for it.
panel1 = new Panel();
panel1.setLayout(gridbag);
// Use several versions of the constrain() convenience method
// to add components to the panel and to specify their
// GridBagConstraints values.
constrain(panel1, new Label("Name:"), 0, 0, 1, 1);
constrain(panel1, textfield, 0, 1, 1, 1);
constrain(panel1, new Label("Favorite color:"), 0, 2, 1, 1,
10, 0, 0, 0);
constrain(panel1, choice, 0, 3, 1, 1);
constrain(panel1, new Label("Favorite flavor:"), 0, 4, 1, 1,
10, 0, 0, 0);
constrain(panel1, checkboxes[0], 0, 5, 1, 1);
constrain(panel1, checkboxes[1], 0, 6, 1, 1);
constrain(panel1, checkboxes[2], 0, 7, 1, 1);
constrain(panel1, new Label("Favorite languages:"), 0, 8, 1, 1,
10, 0, 0, 0);
constrain(panel1, list, 0, 9, 1, 3, GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,
GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST, 0.0, 1.0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
// Create a panel for the items along the right side.
// Use a GridBagLayout, and arrange items with constrain(), as above.
panel2 = new Panel();
panel2.setLayout(gridbag);
constrain(panel2, new Label("Messages"), 0, 0, 1, 1);
constrain(panel2, textarea, 0, 1, 1, 3, GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,
GridBagConstraints.NORTH, 1.0, 0.0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
constrain(panel2, new Label("Diagram"), 0, 4, 1, 1, 10, 0, 0, 0);
constrain(panel2, scribble, 0, 5, 1, 5, GridBagConstraints.BOTH,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER, 1.0, 1.0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
// Do the same for the buttons along the bottom.
buttonpanel = new Panel();
buttonpanel.setLayout(gridbag);
constrain(buttonpanel, okay, 0, 0, 1, 1, GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER, 0.3, 0.0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
constrain(buttonpanel, cancel, 1, 0, 1, 1, GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER, 0.3, 0.0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
// Finally, use a GridBagLayout to arrange the panels themselves
this.setLayout(gridbag);
// And add the panels to the toplevel window
constrain(this, panel1, 0, 0, 1, 1, GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,
GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST, 0.0, 1.0, 10, 10, 5, 5);
constrain(this, panel2, 1, 0, 1, 1, GridBagConstraints.BOTH,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 10, 5, 10);
constrain(this, buttonpanel, 0, 1, 2, 1, GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER, 1.0, 0.0, 5, 0, 0, 0);
}
public void constrain(Container container, Component component,
int grid_x, int grid_y, int grid_width, int grid_height,
int fill, int anchor, double weight_x, double weight_y,
int top, int left, int bottom, int right)
{
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
c.gridx = grid_x; c.gridy = grid_y;
c.gridwidth = grid_width; c.gridheight = grid_height;
c.fill = fill; c.anchor = anchor;
c.weightx = weight_x; c.weighty = weight_y;
if (top+bottom+left+right > 0)
c.insets = new Insets(top, left, bottom, right);
((GridBagLayout)container.getLayout()).setConstraints(component, c);
container.add(component);
}
public void constrain(Container container, Component component,
int grid_x, int grid_y, int grid_width, int grid_height) {
constrain(container, component, grid_x, grid_y,
grid_width, grid_height, GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST, 0.0, 0.0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}
public void constrain(Container container, Component component,
int grid_x, int grid_y, int grid_width, int grid_height,
int top, int left, int bottom, int right) {
constrain(container, component, grid_x, grid_y,
grid_width, grid_height, GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST,
0.0, 0.0, top, left, bottom, right);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame f = new AllComponents("AWT Demo");
// We should call f.pack() here. But its buggy.
f.resize(450, 475);
f.show();
}
}
examples/section5/AllEvents.java 100664 765 765 13240 6111146412 15636 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
public class AllEvents extends AllComponents {
public AllEvents(String title) {
super(title);
}
// This method handles all the events generated by all the components.
public boolean handleEvent(Event event) {
switch(event.id) {
// Most components generate ACTION_EVENT
// We test the target field to find out which component.
case Event.ACTION_EVENT:
if (event.target == textfield) {
textarea.setText("Your name is: " + (String)event.arg + "\n");
}
else if (event.target == choice) {
textarea.setText("Your favorite color is: " +
(String) event.arg + "\n");
}
else if ((event.target == checkboxes[0]) ||
(event.target == checkboxes[1]) ||
(event.target == checkboxes[2])) {
textarea.setText("Your favorite flavor is: " +
checkbox_group.getCurrent().getLabel() + "\n");
}
else if (event.target == list) {
textarea.setText("You double-clicked on: " +
(String)event.arg + "\n");
}
else if (event.target == okay) {
textarea.setText("Okay button clicked.\n");
}
else if (event.target == cancel) {
textarea.setText("Cancel button clicked.\n");
}
else if (event.target instanceof MenuItem) {
// Since we didn't save references to each of the menu objects,
// we check which one was pressed by comparing labels.
// Note that we respond to these menu items by
// popping up dialog boxes.
if (((String)event.arg).equals("Quit")) {
YesNoDialog d = new ReallyQuitDialog(this, textarea);
d.show();
}
else if (((String)event.arg).equals("Open")) {
textarea.setText("You selected Open.\n");
// Use the dialog box created by our superclass.
file_dialog.pack(); // bug workaround
file_dialog.show(); // blocks until user selects a file
textarea.setText("You selected file: " +
file_dialog.getFile());
}
else if (((String)event.arg).equals("About")) {
InfoDialog d;
d = new InfoDialog(this, "About AWT Demo",
"This demo was written by David Flanagan\n" +
"Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates");
d.show();
textarea.setText("You selected About.\n");
}
}
else {
textarea.setText("Unknown action event.");
}
break;
// Double-clicking on a list generates an action event.
// But list selection and deselection are separate event types.
case Event.LIST_SELECT:
textarea.setText("You selected: " +
list.getItem(((Integer)event.arg).intValue()) + "\n");
break;
case Event.LIST_DESELECT:
textarea.setText("You deselected: " +
list.getItem(((Integer)event.arg).intValue()) + "\n");
break;
// These are some events pertaining to the window itself.
case Event.WINDOW_DESTROY:
textarea.setText("Window Destroy\n");
break;
case Event.WINDOW_ICONIFY:
textarea.setText("Window iconify\n");
break;
case Event.WINDOW_DEICONIFY:
textarea.setText("Window deiconify\n");
break;
case Event.WINDOW_MOVED:
textarea.setText("Window moved\n");
break;
// We print a message about each of these mouse and key events,
// but return false after so that they can still
// be properly handled by their correct recipient.
case Event.MOUSE_DOWN:
textarea.setText("Mouse down: [" + event.x + "," + event.y + "]\n");
return false;
case Event.MOUSE_UP:
textarea.setText("Mouse up: [" + event.x + "," + event.y + "]\n");
return false;
case Event.MOUSE_DRAG:
textarea.setText("Mouse drag: [" + event.x + "," + event.y + "]\n");
return false;
case Event.KEY_PRESS:
case Event.KEY_ACTION:
textarea.setText("Key press\n");
return false;
case Event.KEY_RELEASE:
case Event.KEY_ACTION_RELEASE:
textarea.setText("Key release\n");
return false;
// We ignore these event types.
case Event.GOT_FOCUS:
case Event.LOST_FOCUS:
case Event.MOUSE_ENTER:
case Event.MOUSE_EXIT:
case Event.MOUSE_MOVE:
return false;
// We shouldn't ever get this...
default:
textarea.setText("Unexpected Event type: " + event + "\n");
break;
}
return true;
}
// Here's the method that lets us run and test this class.
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame f = new AllEvents("AWT Demo");
f.pack();
f.show();
}
}
examples/section5/ScrollableScribble.java 100664 765 765 13060 6202403171 17470 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
public class ScrollableScribble extends Panel {
Canvas canvas;
Scrollbar hbar, vbar;
java.util.Vector lines = new java.util.Vector(100, 100);
int last_x, last_y;
int offset_x, offset_y;
int canvas_width, canvas_height;
// Create a canvas and two scrollbars and lay them out in the panel.
// Use a BorderLayout to get the scrollbars flush against the
// right and bottom sides of the canvas. When the panel grows,
// the canvas and scrollbars will also grow appropriately.
public ScrollableScribble() {
// implicit super() call here creates the panel
canvas = (Canvas) new BlankCanvas();
hbar = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL);
vbar = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL);
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));
this.add("Center", canvas);
this.add("South", hbar);
this.add("East", vbar);
}
// Draw the scribbles that we've saved in the Vector.
// This method will only ever be invoked when the BlankCanvas
// class (below) calls it. It uses the Graphics object from the
// BlankCanvas object, and the Vector of lines from this class
// to redraw everything.
// The offset_x and offset_y variables specify which portion of
// the larger (1000x1000) scribble is to be displayed in the
// relatively small canvas. Moving the scrollbars changes these
// variables, and thus scrolls the picture. Note that the Graphics
// object automatically does clipping; we can't accidentally
// draw outside of the borders of the BlankCanvas.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Line l;
for(int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
l = (Line)lines.elementAt(i);
g.drawLine(l.x1 - offset_x, l.y1 - offset_y,
l.x2 - offset_x, l.y2 - offset_y);
}
}
// Handle user's mouse scribbles. Draw the scribbles
// and save them in the vector for later redrawing.
// Note that to draw these scribbles, we have to look up the
// Graphics object of the canvas.
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y)
{
last_x = x; last_y = y;
return true;
}
public boolean mouseDrag(Event e, int x, int y)
{
Graphics g = canvas.getGraphics();
g.drawLine(last_x, last_y, x, y);
lines.addElement(new Line(last_x + offset_x, last_y + offset_y,
x + offset_x, y + offset_y));
last_x = x;
last_y = y;
return true;
}
// handle mouse up, too,, just for symmetry.
public boolean mouseUp(Event e, int x, int y) { return true; }
// This method handles the scrollbar events. It updates the
// offset_x and offset_y variables that are used by the paint()
// method, and then calls update(), which clears the canvas and
// invokes the paint() method to redraw the scribbles.
public boolean handleEvent(Event e) {
if (e.target == hbar) {
switch(e.id) {
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_ABSOLUTE:
offset_x = ((Integer)e.arg).intValue(); break;
}
this.update(canvas.getGraphics());
return true;
}
else if (e.target == vbar) {
switch(e.id) {
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_ABSOLUTE:
offset_y = ((Integer)e.arg).intValue(); break;
}
this.update(canvas.getGraphics());
return true;
}
// If we didn't handle it above, pass it on to the superclass
// handleEvent routine, which will check its type and call
// the mouseDown(), mouseDrag(), and other methods.
return super.handleEvent(e);
}
// This method is called when our size is changed. We need to
// know this so we can update the scrollbars
public synchronized void reshape(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
// do the real stuff
super.reshape(x, y, width, height);
// Update our scrollbar page size
Dimension hbar_size = hbar.size();
Dimension vbar_size = vbar.size();
canvas_width = width - vbar_size.width;
canvas_height = height - hbar_size.height;
hbar.setValues(offset_x, canvas_width, 0, 1000-canvas_width);
vbar.setValues(offset_y, canvas_height, 0, 1000-canvas_height);
hbar.setPageIncrement(canvas_width/2);
vbar.setPageIncrement(canvas_height/2);
this.update(canvas.getGraphics());
}
}
// This class stores the coordinates of one line of the scribble.
class Line {
public int x1, y1, x2, y2;
public Line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
this.x1 = x1; this.y1 = y1; this.x2 = x2; this.y2 = y2;
}
}
// This class is a trivial subclass of Canvas. All it knows how to do
// is ask its parent (the ScrollableScribble object) for a redraw.
class BlankCanvas extends Canvas {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
this.getParent().paint(g);
}
}
examples/section5/MultiLineLabel.java 100664 765 765 12373 6111146413 16612 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
public class MultiLineLabel extends Canvas {
public static final int LEFT = 0; // Alignment constants
public static final int CENTER = 1;
public static final int RIGHT = 2;
protected String[] lines; // The lines of text to display
protected int num_lines; // The number of lines
protected int margin_width; // Left and right margins
protected int margin_height; // Top and bottom margins
protected int line_height; // Total height of the font
protected int line_ascent; // Font height above baseline
protected int[] line_widths; // How wide each line is
protected int max_width; // The width of the widest line
protected int alignment = LEFT; // The alignment of the text.
// This method breaks a specified label up into an array of lines.
// It uses the StringTokenizer utility class.
protected void newLabel(String label) {
StringTokenizer t = new StringTokenizer(label, "\n");
num_lines = t.countTokens();
lines = new String[num_lines];
line_widths = new int[num_lines];
for(int i = 0; i < num_lines; i++) lines[i] = t.nextToken();
}
// This method figures out how the font is, and how wide each
// line of the label is, and how wide the widest line is.
protected void measure() {
FontMetrics fm = this.getFontMetrics(this.getFont());
// If we don't have font metrics yet, just return.
if (fm == null) return;
line_height = fm.getHeight();
line_ascent = fm.getAscent();
max_width = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < num_lines; i++) {
line_widths[i] = fm.stringWidth(lines[i]);
if (line_widths[i] > max_width) max_width = line_widths[i];
}
}
// Here are four versions of the cosntrutor.
// Break the label up into separate lines, and save the other info.
public MultiLineLabel(String label, int margin_width, int margin_height,
int alignment) {
newLabel(label);
this.margin_width = margin_width;
this.margin_height = margin_height;
this.alignment = alignment;
}
public MultiLineLabel(String label, int margin_width, int margin_height) {
this(label, margin_width, margin_height, LEFT);
}
public MultiLineLabel(String label, int alignment) {
this(label, 10, 10, alignment);
}
public MultiLineLabel(String label) {
this(label, 10, 10, LEFT);
}
// Methods to set the various attributes of the component
public void setLabel(String label) {
newLabel(label);
measure();
repaint();
}
public void setFont(Font f) {
super.setFont(f);
measure();
repaint();
}
public void setForeground(Color c) {
super.setForeground(c);
repaint();
}
public void setAlignment(int a) { alignment = a; repaint(); }
public void setMarginWidth(int mw) { margin_width = mw; repaint(); }
public void setMarginHeight(int mh) { margin_height = mh; repaint(); }
public int getAlignment() { return alignment; }
public int getMarginWidth() { return margin_width; }
public int getMarginHeight() { return margin_height; }
// This method is invoked after our Canvas is first created
// but before it can actually be displayed. After we've
// invoked our superclass's addNotify() method, we have font
// metrics and can successfully call measure() to figure out
// how big the label is.
public void addNotify() { super.addNotify(); measure(); }
// This method is called by a layout manager when it wants to
// know how big we'd like to be.
public Dimension preferredSize() {
return new Dimension(max_width + 2*margin_width,
num_lines * line_height + 2*margin_height);
}
// This method is called when the layout manager wants to know
// the bare minimum amount of space we need to get by.
public Dimension minimumSize() {
return new Dimension(max_width, num_lines * line_height);
}
// This method draws the label (applets use the same method).
// Note that it handles the margins and the alignment, but that
// it doesn't have to worry about the color or font--the superclass
// takes care of setting those in the Graphics object we're passed.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
int x, y;
Dimension d = this.size();
y = line_ascent + (d.height - num_lines * line_height)/2;
for(int i = 0; i < num_lines; i++, y += line_height) {
switch(alignment) {
case LEFT:
x = margin_width; break;
case CENTER:
default:
x = (d.width - line_widths[i])/2; break;
case RIGHT:
x = d.width - margin_width - line_widths[i]; break;
}
g.drawString(lines[i], x, y);
}
}
}
examples/section5/Line.class 100664 765 765 634 6202405776 14773 0 ustar david david ???? -
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Exceptions LineNumberTable I
SourceFile LocalVariables Code Line java/lang/Object x2 x1 "ScrollableScribble.workaround.java (IIII)V ()V : *? *? * ? * ? *? ? ? ? ? examples/section5/YesNoDialog.class 100664 765 765 3600 6202406004 16256 0 ustar david david ???? - o P ^???? V F Y I K U a c _ n E
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gridheight .(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/awt/CheckboxGroup;Z)V Favorite languages: java/awt/MenuItem java/awt/MenuBar green &(Ljava/awt/Frame;Ljava/lang/String;I)V (Ljava/lang/String;)V 4(Ljava/awt/Component;Ljava/awt/GridBagConstraints;)V java/awt/Choice Quit constrain
ConstantValue Diagram I choice D C Code file_dialog Ljava/awt/Menu; ([Ljava/lang/String;)V help Open
checkboxes textfield 7(Ljava/awt/Container;Ljava/awt/Component;IIIIIIDDIIII)V
strawberry java/awt/CheckboxGroup File ((Ljava/awt/MenuItem;)Ljava/awt/MenuItem; java/awt/Panel Ljava/awt/MenuBar; Ljava/awt/TextArea; LocalVariables
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? ? ? ? ? examples/section5/AllEvents.class 100664 765 765 7346 6202406016 16014 0 ustar david david ???? - ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? n v w ? | ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? t ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? s ? " ]
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Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates handleEvent (I)Ljava/lang/String; target java/awt/FileDialog AWT Demo
SourceFile Cancel button clicked.
Okay button clicked.
arg
getCurrent checkbox_group toString Your favorite color is: Ljava/awt/List; Ljava/awt/TextField;
Exceptions LineNumberTable id AllEvents
Mouse down: [ Ljava/awt/FileDialog; equals java/awt/Window java/lang/String getLabel AllEvents.java You double-clicked on: ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; +(Ljava/awt/Frame;Ljava/awt/TextComponent;)V ()Ljava/lang/String; Ljava/lang/Object; main (Ljava/lang/Object;)Z ReallyQuitDialog Mouse up: [ java/lang/Integer java/awt/Checkbox [Ljava/awt/Checkbox; Window Destroy
About AWT Demo You selected About.
java/awt/List
AllComponents java/lang/StringBuffer
InfoDialog ()V ]
okay You selected: show java/awt/TextComponent ()I Window iconify
7(Ljava/awt/Frame;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V pack Ljava/awt/Button;
Key press
Your favorite flavor is: You deselected:
Mouse drag: [ Window deiconify
Your name is: ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; Ljava/awt/Choice; textarea getFile ()Ljava/awt/Checkbox; Unexpected Event type: y x java/awt/MenuItem (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer;
Window moved
(Ljava/lang/String;)V Quit
ConstantValue I intValue choice append java/awt/Event Unknown action event. Code file_dialog Key release
([Ljava/lang/String;)V (Ljava/awt/Event;)Z , You selected file: getItem Open
checkboxes setText You selected Open.
textfield java/awt/CheckboxGroup LocalVariables Ljava/awt/TextArea; Ljava/awt/CheckboxGroup;
list cancel About * " q ? ? " *+? D? ?
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t u v # w @ y H | [ ~ n ? { v ? r _ T examples/section5/BlankCanvas.class 100664 765 765 677 6202406022 16257 0 ustar david david ???? -
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? ? *? ? ? examples/section5/InfoDialog.java 100664 765 765 4261 6111146413 15740 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
public class InfoDialog extends Dialog {
protected Button button;
protected MultiLineLabel label;
public InfoDialog(Frame parent, String title, String message)
{
// Create a dialog with the specified title
super(parent, title, false);
// Create and use a BorderLayout manager with specified margins
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout(15, 15));
// Create the message component and add it to the window
label = new MultiLineLabel(message, 20, 20);
this.add("Center", label);
// Create an Okay button in a Panel; add the Panel to the window
// Use a FlowLayout to center the button and give it margins.
button = new Button("Okay");
Panel p = new Panel();
p.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 15, 15));
p.add(button);
this.add("South", p);
// Resize the window to the preferred size of its components
this.pack();
}
// Pop down the window when the button is clicked.
public boolean action(Event e, Object arg)
{
if (e.target == button) {
this.hide();
this.dispose();
return true;
}
else return false;
}
// When the window gets the keyboard focus, give it to the button.
// This allows keyboard shortcuts to pop down the dialog.
public boolean gotFocus(Event e, Object arg) {
button.requestFocus();
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame f = new Frame("InfoDialog Test");
f.resize(100, 100);
f.show();
InfoDialog d = new InfoDialog(f, "Help",
"The host you are trying to contact\n" +
"is not currently responding.\n" +
"Please try again later.");
d.show();
}
}
examples/section5/YesNoDialog.java 100664 765 765 5015 6111146415 16102 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
public class YesNoDialog extends Dialog {
public static final int NO = 0;
public static final int YES = 1;
public static final int CANCEL = -1;
protected Button yes = null, no = null, cancel = null;
protected MultiLineLabel label;
public YesNoDialog(Frame parent, String title, String message,
String yes_label, String no_label, String cancel_label)
{
// Create the window.
super(parent, title, true);
// Specify a LayoutManager for it
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout(15, 15));
// Put the message label in the middle of the window.
label = new MultiLineLabel(message, 20, 20);
this.add("Center", label);
// Create a panel of buttons, center the row of buttons in
// the panel, and put the pane at the bottom of the window.
Panel p = new Panel();
p.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 15, 15));
if (yes_label != null) p.add(yes = new Button(yes_label));
if (no_label != null) p.add(no = new Button(no_label));
if (cancel_label != null) p.add(cancel = new Button(cancel_label));
this.add("South", p);
// Set the window to its preferred size.
this.pack();
}
// Handle button events by calling the answer() method.
// Pass the appropriate constant value, depending on the button.
public boolean action(Event e, Object arg)
{
if (e.target instanceof Button) {
this.hide();
this.dispose();
if (e.target == yes) answer(YES);
else if (e.target == no) answer(NO);
else answer(CANCEL);
return true;
}
else return false;
}
// Call yes(), no(), and cancel() methods depending on the button the
// user clicked. Subclasses define how the answer is processed by
// overriding this method or the yes(), no(), and cancel() methods.
protected void answer(int answer) {
switch(answer) {
case YES: yes(); break;
case NO: no(); break;
case CANCEL: cancel(); break;
}
}
protected void yes() {}
protected void no() {}
protected void cancel() {}
}
examples/section5/ReallyQuitDialog.java 100664 765 765 1550 6111146414 17137 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
public class ReallyQuitDialog extends YesNoDialog {
TextComponent status;
// Create the kind of YesNoDialog we want
// And store away a piece of information we need later.
public ReallyQuitDialog(Frame parent, TextComponent status) {
super(parent, "Really Quit?", "Really Quit?", "Yes", "No", null);
this.status = status;
}
// Define these methods to handle the user's answer
public void yes() { System.exit(0); }
public void no() {
if (status != null) status.setText("Quit cancelled.");
}
}
examples/section5/ScrollableScribble.workaround.java 100664 765 765 12765 6131226300 21673 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
// This example has been modified by Scott Gartner to workaround an
// apparent bug in his Symantec Cafe implementation of Java. His changes
// are marked with a //MSG comment.
import java.awt.*;
public class ScrollableScribble extends Panel {
Canvas canvas;
Scrollbar hbar, vbar;
java.util.Vector lines = new java.util.Vector(100, 100);
int last_x, last_y;
int offset_x, offset_y;
int canvas_width, canvas_height;
// Create a canvas and two scrollbars and lay them out in the panel.
// Use a BorderLayout to get the scrollbars flush against the
// right and bottom sides of the canvas. When the panel grows,
// the canvas and scrollbars will also grow appropriately.
public ScrollableScribble() {
// implicit super() call here creates the panel
canvas = new Canvas();
hbar = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL);
vbar = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL);
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));
this.add("Center", canvas);
this.add("South", hbar);
this.add("East", vbar);
}
// Draw the scribbles that we've saved in the Vector.
// The offset_x and offset_y variables specify which portion of
// the larger (1000x1000) scribble is to be displayed in the
// relatively small canvas. Moving the scrollbars changes these
// variables, and thus scrolls the picture. Note that the Canvas
// component automatically does clipping; we can't accidentally
// draw outside of its borders.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Line l;
Graphics canvas_g = canvas.getGraphics();
for(int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
l = (Line)lines.elementAt(i);
canvas_g.drawLine(l.x1 - offset_x, l.y1 - offset_y,
l.x2 - offset_x, l.y2 - offset_y);
}
}
// Handle user's mouse scribbles. Draw the scribbles
// and save them in the vector for later redrawing.
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y)
{
// Get canvas origin to find relative mouse position //MSG
Point pt = canvas.location(); //MSG
last_x = x-pt.x; last_y = y-pt.y; //MSG
return true;
}
public boolean mouseDrag(Event e, int x, int y)
{
Graphics g = canvas.getGraphics();
// Get canvas origin to find relative mouse position //MSG
Point pt = canvas.location(); //MSG
x -= pt.x; //MSG
y -= pt.y; //MSG
g.drawLine(last_x, last_y, x, y);
lines.addElement(new Line(last_x + offset_x, last_y + offset_y,
x + offset_x, y + offset_y));
last_x = x;
last_y = y;
return true;
}
// handle mouse up, too,, just for symmetry.
public boolean mouseUp(Event e, int x, int y) { return true; }
// This method handles the scrollbar events. It updates the
// offset_x and offset_y variables that are used by the paint()
// method, and then calls update(), which clears the canvas and
// invokes the paint() method to redraw the scribbles.
public boolean handleEvent(Event e) {
if (e.target == hbar) {
switch(e.id) {
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_ABSOLUTE:
offset_x = ((Integer)e.arg).intValue(); break;
}
this.update(canvas.getGraphics());
return true;
}
else if (e.target == vbar) {
switch(e.id) {
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_UP:
case Event.SCROLL_LINE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_PAGE_DOWN:
case Event.SCROLL_ABSOLUTE:
offset_y = ((Integer)e.arg).intValue(); break;
}
this.update(canvas.getGraphics());
return true;
}
// If we didn't handle it above, pass it on to the superclass
// handleEvent routine, which will check its type and call
// the mouseDown(), mouseDrag(), and other methods.
return super.handleEvent(e);
}
// This method is called when our size is changed. We need to
// know this so we can update the scrollbars
public synchronized void reshape(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
// do the real stuff
super.reshape(x, y, width, height);
// Update our scrollbar page size
Dimension hbar_size = hbar.size();
Dimension vbar_size = vbar.size();
canvas_width = width - vbar_size.width;
canvas_height = height - hbar_size.height;
hbar.setValues(offset_x, canvas_width, 0, 1000-canvas_width);
vbar.setValues(offset_y, canvas_height, 0, 1000-canvas_height);
hbar.setPageIncrement(canvas_width/2);
vbar.setPageIncrement(canvas_height/2);
this.update(canvas.getGraphics());
}
}
// This class stores the coordinates of one line of the scribble.
class Line {
public int x1, y1, x2, y2;
public Line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
this.x1 = x1; this.y1 = y1; this.x2 = x2; this.y2 = y2;
}
}
examples/section6/ 40775 765 765 0 6202406073 12765 5 ustar david david examples/section6/Grep.java 100664 765 765 2404 6202403726 14624 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
// This class demonstrates the use of the GrepInputStream class.
// It prints the lines of a file that contain a specified substring.
public class Grep {
public static void main(String args[]) {
if ((args.length == 0) || (args.length > 2)) {
System.out.println("Usage: java Grep []");
System.exit(0);
}
try {
DataInputStream d;
if (args.length == 2)
d = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(args[1]));
else
d = new DataInputStream(System.in);
GrepInputStream g = new GrepInputStream(d, args[0]);
String line;
for(;;) {
line = g.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
System.out.println(line);
}
g.close();
}
catch (IOException e) { System.err.println(e); }
}
}
examples/section6/Pipes.java 100664 765 765 20663 6202404021 15023 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
// This interface defines the methods that the source of data for a pipe
// must define. These methods are used to allow the source to easily be
// connected to a sink.
// Note that a PipeSource is Runnable--it is a thread body.
interface PipeSource extends Runnable {
abstract PipedOutputStream getPipedOutputStream();
abstract void connectOutputTo(PipeSink sink) throws IOException;
abstract PipeSink getSink();
abstract void start();
}
// This interface defines the methods required for a sink of data from
// a pipe. The methods are used when connecting a source to the sink.
// A PipeSink is also Runnable.
interface PipeSink extends Runnable {
abstract PipedInputStream getPipedInputStream();
abstract void connectInputTo(PipeSource source) throws IOException;
}
// A filter in a pipe behaves like both a source of data and a sink of data.
interface PipeFilter extends PipeSource, PipeSink {
};
// This is an implementation of the PipeSource interface that uses an
// InputStream as the source of data. It creates a PipedOutputStream
// to write the data to. The run() method copies data from the stream
// to the pipe.
class StreamPipeSource implements PipeSource {
protected PipedOutputStream out = new PipedOutputStream();
protected InputStream in;
protected PipeSink sink;
public StreamPipeSource(InputStream in) { this.in = in; }
public PipedOutputStream getPipedOutputStream() { return out; }
public PipeSink getSink() { return sink; }
public void connectOutputTo(PipeSink sink) throws IOException {
this.sink = sink;
out.connect(sink.getPipedInputStream());
sink.connectInputTo(this);
}
public void start() {
// Start ourselves
new Thread(this).start();
// If our output is a filter, then call its start() method.
// otherwise, just start our sink
if (sink instanceof PipeFilter) ((PipeFilter)sink).start();
else new Thread(sink).start();
}
public void run() {
byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
int bytes_read;
try {
for(;;) {
bytes_read = in.read(buffer);
if (bytes_read == -1) { return; }
out.write(buffer, 0, bytes_read);
}
}
catch (IOException e) {
if (e instanceof EOFException) return;
else System.out.println(e);
}
finally { try {out.close();} catch (IOException e) {;} }
}
}
// This is an implementation of the PipeSink interface that uses an output
// stream as the source of data. It creates a PipedInputStream to read
// data from the pipe. The run() method reads data from that pipe and
// writes it to the output stream (which might be a file or System.out, e.g.)
class StreamPipeSink implements PipeSink {
protected PipedInputStream in = new PipedInputStream();
protected OutputStream out;
public StreamPipeSink(OutputStream out) {
this.out = out;
}
public PipedInputStream getPipedInputStream() { return in; }
public void connectInputTo(PipeSource source) throws IOException {
in.connect(source.getPipedOutputStream());
}
public void run() {
byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
int bytes_read;
try {
for(;;) {
bytes_read = in.read(buffer);
if (bytes_read == -1) return;
out.write(buffer, 0, bytes_read);
}
}
catch (IOException e) {
if (e instanceof EOFException) return;
else System.out.println(e);
}
finally { try {in.close();} catch (IOException e) {;} }
}
}
// This is an abstract implementation of the PipeFilter interface.
// It creates both a PipedInputStream to read from and a PipedOutputStream
// to write to. The abstract method filter() needs to be defined by
// a subclass to read data from one pipe, filter it, and write the filtered
// data to the other pipe.
abstract class BasicPipeFilter implements PipeFilter {
protected PipedInputStream in = new PipedInputStream();
protected PipedOutputStream out = new PipedOutputStream();
protected PipeSink sink;
public PipedInputStream getPipedInputStream() { return in; }
public PipedOutputStream getPipedOutputStream() { return out; }
public void connectOutputTo(PipeSink sink) throws IOException {
this.sink = sink;
out.connect(sink.getPipedInputStream());
sink.connectInputTo((PipeSource) this);
}
public void start() {
// Start ourselves
new Thread(this).start();
// If our output is a filter, then call its start() method.
// otherwise, just start our sink
if (sink instanceof PipeFilter) ((PipeFilter)sink).start();
else new Thread(sink).start();
}
public PipeSink getSink() { return sink; }
public void connectInputTo(PipeSource source) throws IOException {
in.connect(source.getPipedOutputStream());
}
public void run() {
try { filter(); }
catch (IOException e) {
if (e instanceof EOFException) return;
else System.out.println(e);
}
finally {
try { out.close(); in.close(); }
catch (IOException e) { ; }
}
}
abstract public void filter() throws IOException;
}
// This is a non-abstract implementation of the PipeFilter interface.
// It uses the GrepInputStream we defined elsewhere to do the filtering.
class GrepFilter extends BasicPipeFilter {
protected GrepInputStream gis;
protected PrintStream pout = new PrintStream(out);
public GrepFilter(String pattern) {
gis = new GrepInputStream(new DataInputStream(in), pattern);
}
public void filter() throws IOException {
String line;
for(;;) {
line = gis.readLine();
if (line == null) return;
pout.println(line);
}
}
}
// This is another implementation fo PipeFilter. It implements the
// trival rot13 cypher on the letters A-Z and a-z.
class Rot13Filter extends BasicPipeFilter {
public void filter() throws IOException {
byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
int bytes_read;
for(;;) {
bytes_read = in.read(buffer);
if (bytes_read == -1) return;
for(int i = 0; i < bytes_read; i++) {
if ((buffer[i] >= 'a') && (buffer[i] <= 'z')) {
buffer[i] = (byte) ('a' + ((buffer[i]-'a') + 13) % 26);
}
if ((buffer[i] >= 'A') && (buffer[i] <= 'Z')) {
buffer[i] = (byte) ('A' + ((buffer[i]-'A') + 13) % 26);
}
}
out.write(buffer, 0, bytes_read);
}
}
}
// This class demonstrates how you might use these pipe classes.
// It is another implementation of a Unix-like grep command.
// Note that it frivolously passes the output of the grep pipe through two
// rot13 pipes (which, combined, leave the output unchanged).
// With the source, filter, and sink infrastructure defined above, it
// is easy to define new filters and create pipes to perform many useful
// operations. Other filter possibilities include sorting lines, removing
// duplicate lines, and doing search-and-replace.
public class Pipes {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
if (args.length != 2) {
System.out.println("Usage: java Pipes ");
System.exit(0);
}
// Create a source, three filters, and a sink for the pipe.
PipeSource source =
new StreamPipeSource(new FileInputStream(args[1]));
PipeFilter filter = new GrepFilter(args[0]);
PipeFilter filter2 = new Rot13Filter();
PipeFilter filter3 = new Rot13Filter();
PipeSink sink = new StreamPipeSink(System.out);
// Connect them all up.
source.connectOutputTo(filter);
filter.connectOutputTo(filter2);
filter2.connectOutputTo(filter3);
filter3.connectOutputTo(sink);
// And start their threads running.
source.start();
}
}
examples/section6/Grep.class 100664 765 765 2056 6202406052 15006 0 ustar david david ???? - G = + $ 0 ; A ( / , .
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ConstantValue Grep java/io/PrintStream
Exceptions java/io/FilterInputStream java/io/DataInputStream java/io/FileInputStream LineNumberTable
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SourceFile java/lang/System StreamPipeSink
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PipeFilter
LPipeSink; (Ljava/io/PipedOutputStream;)V filter close java/lang/Object java/lang/Thread (Ljava/io/PipedInputStream;)V Rot13Filter connect K U T I G _ 9 R [ *? ? 6 y S X [ *? ? 6 z P H [ > *+? *? +? ? +*? ? 6 } ~ | = < M [ U 1? Y*? $? "*? ? ? *? ? ? ?? Y*? ? $? "? 6 ? ? " ? 0 ? ? ; [ *? ? 6 ? N > [ * *? +? ? ? 6
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ConstantValue StreamPipeSink
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SourceFile
GrepFilter Ljava/io/PipedInputStream; LocalVariables Code
PipeSource Ljava/io/PipedOutputStream; Rot13Filter BasicPipeFilter out in StreamPipeSource
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PipeFilter ([B)I filter ()V
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`p`?T? ???*? + ? ??? . ? ? ? ? ? * ? = ? M ? ` ? h ? r ? + 4 " *? ? ? * examples/section6/StreamPipeSource.class 100664 765 765 3244 6202406055 17346 0 ustar david david ???? - h c C 4 f _ ^ N H @ D 1 ? U d > Z 0
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ConstantValue StreamPipeSource getPipedInputStream
Pipes.java ()LPipeSink; start
Exceptions (LPipeSource;)V read getSink
SourceFile java/lang/System StreamPipeSink
PipeSource (Ljava/lang/Object;)V (Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V Pipes java/io/InputStream sink
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ConstantValue Ljava/lang/String;
FileLister
Exceptions LineNumberTable EndsWithFilter accept
SourceFile LocalVariables Code extension (Ljava/lang/String;)Z (Ljava/lang/String;)V java/io/FilenameFilter java/lang/Object #(Ljava/io/File;Ljava/lang/String;)Z #(Ljava/io/File;Ljava/lang/String;)V FileLister.java endsWith ()Z java/io/File ()V $ *
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? % examples/section6/PipeSource.class 100664 765 765 1015 6202406056 16165 0 ustar david david ???? - (
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ConstantValue StreamPipeSink
Exceptions LineNumberTable PipeSink
SourceFile java/lang/Runnable
GrepFilter LocalVariables Code
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Pipes.java connectOutputTo Pipes getPipedOutputStream getSink
PipeFilter ()Ljava/io/PipedOutputStream; start ()V ()LPipeSink; ! $ " ' % & examples/section6/FileViewer.class 100664 765 765 3617 6202406063 16160 0 ustar david david ???? - ? k m K } N Q v [ ~ W a ? ? ? L t X T o e H \ c
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SourceFile
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Exceptions LineNumberTable PipeSink
SourceFile
GrepFilter LocalVariables Code
PipeSource Rot13Filter BasicPipeFilter java/lang/Object StreamPipeSource
Pipes.java Pipes
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examples/section6/FileCopy.class 100664 765 765 5405 6202406065 15630 0 ustar david david ???? - ? ? ? { c m ? } ? ] ? ` ? a Y ? ? Z z ? ? j ? o p ?
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SourceFile toString copy
Exceptions in LineNumberTable java/lang/System Ljava/io/InputStream; flush $ already exists. Overwrite? (Y/N): equals java/lang/String java/io/File ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; (Ljava/io/File;)V getProperty ()Ljava/lang/String; main readLine (Ljava/lang/Object;)Z read
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FileCopy.java err java/io/IOException user.dir println exists y java/io/FileInputStream out Ljava/lang/String; java/io/PrintStream '(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V Y (Ljava/lang/String;)V Ljava/io/PrintStream; FileCopyException
ConstantValue append FileCopy 5Usage: java FileCopy close Code write getParent ([BII)V &(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String; ([Ljava/lang/String;)V 0FileCopy: destination directory is unwriteable: LocalVariables java/io/FileOutputStream +FileCopy: destination file is unwriteable: canWrite f ? ? ? ?? Y*? M? Y+? N::,? !?
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& 6 : A H L S X _ c j ! q " } % ? & ? ' ? & ? ' ? & ? ) ? * ? ) ? + ? , ? - ? . ? 1 ? 2 ? 1 5 6 7 8( 7, 94 :8 ;K :O @Y Ac Bj Ds Ey F? C? ? K? L? M? N? g
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ConstantValue
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code
FileCopy.java (Ljava/lang/String;)V FileCopy FileCopyException *+? ? j
examples/section6/GrepInputStream.class 100664 765 765 1274 6202406065 17207 0 ustar david david ???? - '
# % & " $ java/lang/String GrepInputStream ()Ljava/lang/String; Ljava/io/DataInputStream; java/io/IOException
ConstantValue Ljava/lang/String;
Exceptions java/io/FilterInputStream java/io/DataInputStream LineNumberTable
SourceFile .(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;Ljava/lang/String;)V substring readLine LocalVariables Code GrepInputStream.java indexOf in (Ljava/lang/String;)I (Ljava/io/InputStream;)V # % 4 *+?
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SourceFile arg *(Ljava/awt/Component;)Ljava/awt/Component; usage isDirectory ;Usage: java FileLister [directory_name] [-e file_extension] toString (Z)V Ljava/awt/List; Ljava/awt/TextField;
Exceptions LineNumberTable Ljava/awt/Panel; java/lang/System id equals java/util/Date quit java/awt/Window java/lang/String list_directory resize EndsWithFilter java/io/File
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ConstantValue StreamPipeSink connectInputTo
Exceptions LineNumberTable PipeSink
SourceFile java/lang/Runnable
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Pipes.java ()Ljava/io/PipedInputStream; Pipes
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examples/section6/GrepFilter.class 100664 765 765 1746 6202406072 16163 0 ustar david david ???? - H # ( B > 6 % + D 8 1 ) : -
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ConstantValue LGrepInputStream; StreamPipeSink java/io/PrintStream
Exceptions java/io/DataInputStream LineNumberTable PipeSink gis
SourceFile .(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;Ljava/lang/String;)V
GrepFilter readLine Ljava/io/PipedInputStream; LocalVariables Code
PipeSource Ljava/io/PipedOutputStream; Rot13Filter (Ljava/io/OutputStream;)V BasicPipeFilter in out (Ljava/lang/String;)V StreamPipeSource
Pipes.java Ljava/io/PrintStream; Pipes pout
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? ? * / ? examples/section6/FileViewer.java 100664 765 765 3772 6202403673 16002 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
public class FileViewer extends Frame {
Button close;
// Query the size of the specified file, create an array of bytes big
// enough, and read it in. Then create a TextArea to display the text
// and a "Close" button to pop the window down.
public FileViewer(String filename) throws IOException {
super("FileViewer: " + filename);
File f = new File(filename);
int size = (int) f.length();
int bytes_read = 0;
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f);
byte[] data = new byte[size];
while(bytes_read < size)
bytes_read += in.read(data, bytes_read, size-bytes_read);
TextArea textarea = new TextArea(new String(data, 0), 24, 80);
textarea.setFont(new Font("Helvetica", Font.PLAIN, 12));
textarea.setEditable(false);
this.add("Center", textarea);
close = new Button("Close");
this.add("South", close);
this.pack();
this.show();
}
// Handle the close button by popping this window down
public boolean action(Event e, Object what) {
if (e.target == close) {
this.hide();
this.dispose();
return true;
}
return false;
}
// The FileViewer can be used by other classes, or it can be
// used standalone with this main() method.
static public void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
if (args.length != 1) {
System.out.println("Usage: java FileViewer ");
System.exit(0);
}
try { Frame f = new FileViewer(args[0]); }
catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e); }
}
}
examples/section6/FileLister.java 100664 765 765 13476 6202404312 16014 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
public class FileLister extends Frame {
private List list;
private TextField infoarea;
private Panel buttons;
private Button parent, quit;
private FilenameFilter filter;
private File cwd;
private String[] entries;
// Create the graphical user interface, and list the initial directory.
public FileLister(String directory, FilenameFilter filter) throws IOException
{
super("File Lister");
this.filter = filter;
list = new List(12, false);
infoarea = new TextField();
infoarea.setEditable(false);
buttons = new Panel();
parent = new Button("Up a Directory");
quit = new Button("Quit");
buttons.add(parent);
buttons.add(quit);
this.add("Center", list);
this.add("South", infoarea);
this.add("North", buttons);
this.resize(550, 350);
this.show();
// list the initial directory.
list_directory(directory);
}
// This method uses the list() method to get all entries in a directory
// and then displays them in the List component.
public void list_directory(String directory) throws IOException {
File dir = new File(directory);
if (!dir.isDirectory())
throw new IllegalArgumentException("FileLister: no such directory");
list.clear();
cwd = dir;
this.setTitle(directory);
entries = cwd.list(filter);
for(int i = 0; i < entries.length; i++)
list.addItem(entries[i]);
}
// This method uses various File methods to obtain information about
// a file or directory. Then it displays that info in a TextField.
public void show_info(String filename) throws IOException {
File f = new File(cwd, filename);
String info;
if (!f.exists())
throw new IllegalArgumentException("FileLister.show_info(): " +
"no such file or directory");
if (f.isDirectory()) info = "Directory: ";
else info = "File: ";
info += filename + " ";
info += (f.canRead()?"read ":" ") +
(f.canWrite()?"write ":" ") +
f.length() + " " +
new java.util.Date(f.lastModified());
infoarea.setText(info);
}
// This method handles the buttons and list events.
public boolean handleEvent(Event e) {
if (e.target == quit) System.exit(0);
else if (e.target == parent) {
String parent = cwd.getParent();
if (parent == null) parent = "/"; // Bug workaround
try { list_directory(parent); }
catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
infoarea.setText("Already at top");
}
catch (IOException ex) { infoarea.setText("I/O Error"); }
return true;
}
else if (e.target == list) {
// when an item is selected, show its info.
if (e.id == Event.LIST_SELECT) {
try { show_info(entries[((Integer)e.arg).intValue()]); }
catch (IOException ex) { infoarea.setText("I/O Error"); }
}
// When the user double-clicks, change to the selected directory
// or display the selected file.
else if (e.id == Event.ACTION_EVENT) {
try {
String item = new File(cwd, (String)e.arg).getAbsolutePath();
try { list_directory(item); }
catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {new FileViewer(item);}
}
catch (IOException ex) { infoarea.setText("I/O Error"); }
}
return true;
}
return super.handleEvent(e);
}
public static void usage() {
System.out.println("Usage: java FileLister [directory_name] " +
"[-e file_extension]");
System.exit(0);
}
// Parse command line arguments and create the FileLister object.
// If an extension is specified, create a FilenameFilter for it.
// If no directory is specified, use the current directory.
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
FileLister f;
FilenameFilter filter = null;
String directory = null;
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
if (args[i].equals("-e")) {
i++;
if (i >= args.length) usage();
filter = new EndsWithFilter(args[i]);
}
else {
if (directory != null) usage(); // Already set
else directory = args[i];
}
}
// if no directory specified, use the current directoy
if (directory == null) directory = System.getProperty("user.dir");
// Create the FileLister object
f = new FileLister(directory, filter);
}
}
// This class is a simple FilenameFilter. It defines the required accept()
// method to determine whether a specified file should be listed. A file
// will be listed if its name ends with the specified extension, or if
// it is a directory.
class EndsWithFilter implements FilenameFilter {
private String extension;
public EndsWithFilter(String extension) {
this.extension = extension;
}
public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
if (name.endsWith(extension)) return true;
else return (new File(dir, name)).isDirectory();
}
}
examples/section6/StreamPipeSink.class 100664 765 765 2545 6202406072 17014 0 ustar david david ???? - W T S 6 + U O N > 8 4 7 = ( 3 E 2 '
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PipeFilter (Ljava/io/InputStream;)V exit start ()V = > 3 ? r*?? ? ? ? ? Y? Y*2? ? L? Y*2? M? Y? N? Y? :? Y? ? :+,? ,-? -? ? +? ? . > ? ? ? ? # ? $ ? / ? 7 ? @ ? L ? S ? Z ? b ? k ? q ? , ? H 3 *? ? . ? 0 < examples/section6/FileCopy.java 100664 765 765 11026 6202403636 15461 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
public class FileCopy {
public static void copy(String source_name, String dest_name)
throws IOException
{
File source_file = new File(source_name);
File destination_file = new File(dest_name);
FileInputStream source = null;
FileOutputStream destination = null;
byte[] buffer;
int bytes_read;
try {
// First make sure the specified source file
// exists, is a file, and is readable.
if (!source_file.exists() || !source_file.isFile())
throw new FileCopyException("FileCopy: no such source file: " +
source_name);
if (!source_file.canRead())
throw new FileCopyException("FileCopy: source file " +
"is unreadable: " + source_name);
// If the destination exists, make sure it is a writeable file
// and ask before overwriting it. If the destination doesn't
// exist, make sure the directory exists and is writeable.
if (destination_file.exists()) {
if (destination_file.isFile()) {
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(System.in);
String response;
if (!destination_file.canWrite())
throw new FileCopyException("FileCopy: destination " +
"file is unwriteable: " + dest_name);
System.out.print("File " + dest_name +
" already exists. Overwrite? (Y/N): ");
System.out.flush();
response = in.readLine();
if (!response.equals("Y") && !response.equals("y"))
throw new FileCopyException("FileCopy: copy cancelled.");
}
else
throw new FileCopyException("FileCopy: destination "
+ "is not a file: " + dest_name);
}
else {
File parentdir = parent(destination_file);
if (!parentdir.exists())
throw new FileCopyException("FileCopy: destination "
+ "directory doesn't exist: " + dest_name);
if (!parentdir.canWrite())
throw new FileCopyException("FileCopy: destination "
+ "directory is unwriteable: " + dest_name);
}
// If we've gotten this far, then everything is okay; we can
// copy the file.
source = new FileInputStream(source_file);
destination = new FileOutputStream(destination_file);
buffer = new byte[1024];
while(true) {
bytes_read = source.read(buffer);
if (bytes_read == -1) break;
destination.write(buffer, 0, bytes_read);
}
}
// No matter what happens, always close any streams we've opened.
finally {
if (source != null)
try { source.close(); } catch (IOException e) { ; }
if (destination != null)
try { destination.close(); } catch (IOException e) { ; }
}
}
// File.getParent() can return null when the file is specified without
// a directory or is in the root directory.
// This method handles those cases.
private static File parent(File f) {
String dirname = f.getParent();
if (dirname == null) {
if (f.isAbsolute()) return new File(File.separator);
else return new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
}
return new File(dirname);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length != 2)
System.err.println("Usage: java FileCopy " +
"");
else {
try { copy(args[0], args[1]); }
catch (IOException e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); }
}
}
}
class FileCopyException extends IOException {
public FileCopyException(String msg) { super(msg); }
}
examples/section6/GrepInputStream.java 100664 765 765 2123 6111146421 17011 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
// This class is a FilterInputStream that filters out all lines that
// do not contain the specified substring.
public class GrepInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
String substring;
DataInputStream in;
public GrepInputStream(DataInputStream in, String substring) {
super(in);
this.in = in;
this.substring = substring;
}
// This is the filter: read lines from the DataInputStream,
// but only return the lines that contain the substring.
// When the DataInputStream returns null, we return null.
public final String readLine() throws IOException {
String line;
do {
line = in.readLine();
}
while ((line != null) && line.indexOf(substring) == -1);
return line;
}
}
examples/section7/ 40775 765 765 0 6202406140 12761 5 ustar david david examples/section7/UDPReceive.java 100664 765 765 3166 6132456455 15702 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
// This program waits to receive datagrams sent to port 6010.
// When it receives one, it displays the sending host and port,
// and prints the contents of the datagram as a string.
public class UDPReceive {
static final int port = 6010;
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
String s;
// Create a socket to listen on the port.
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
for(;;) {
// Create a packet with an empty buffer to receive data
// Bug workaround: create a new packet each time through the loop.
// If we create the packet outside of this loop, then it seems to
// loose track of its buffer size, and incoming packets are
// truncated.
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
// Wait to receive a datagram
socket.receive(packet);
// Convert the contents to a string
s = new String(buffer, 0, 0, packet.getLength());
// And display them
System.out.println("UDPReceive: received from " +
packet.getAddress().getHostName() + ":" +
packet.getPort() + ": " + s);
}
}
}
examples/section7/Server.java 100664 765 765 6622 6202404675 15210 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server extends Thread {
public final static int DEFAULT_PORT = 6789;
protected int port;
protected ServerSocket listen_socket;
// Exit with an error message, when an exception occurs.
public static void fail(Exception e, String msg) {
System.err.println(msg + ": " + e);
System.exit(1);
}
// Create a ServerSocket to listen for connections on; start the thread.
public Server(int port) {
if (port == 0) port = DEFAULT_PORT;
this.port = port;
try { listen_socket = new ServerSocket(port); }
catch (IOException e) { fail(e, "Exception creating server socket"); }
System.out.println("Server: listening on port " + port);
this.start();
}
// The body of the server thread. Loop forever, listening for and
// accepting connections from clients. For each connection,
// create a Connection object to handle communication through the
// new Socket.
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
Socket client_socket = listen_socket.accept();
Connection c = new Connection(client_socket);
}
}
catch (IOException e) {
fail(e, "Exception while listening for connections");
}
}
// Start the server up, listening on an optionally specified port
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 0;
if (args.length == 1) {
try { port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { port = 0; }
}
new Server(port);
}
}
// This class is the thread that handles all communication with a client
class Connection extends Thread {
protected Socket client;
protected DataInputStream in;
protected PrintStream out;
// Initialize the streams and start the thread
public Connection(Socket client_socket) {
client = client_socket;
try {
in = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
out = new PrintStream(client.getOutputStream());
}
catch (IOException e) {
try { client.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { ; }
System.err.println("Exception while getting socket streams: " + e);
return;
}
this.start();
}
// Provide the service.
// Read a line, reverse it, send it back.
public void run() {
String line;
StringBuffer revline;
int len;
try {
for(;;) {
// read in a line
line = in.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
// reverse it
len = line.length();
revline = new StringBuffer(len);
for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
revline.insert(len-1-i, line.charAt(i));
// and write out the reversed line
out.println(revline);
}
}
catch (IOException e) { ; }
finally { try {client.close();} catch (IOException e2) {;} }
}
}
examples/section7/Client.java 100664 765 765 5165 6202404470 15152 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 6789;
public static void usage() {
System.out.println("Usage: java Client []");
System.exit(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = DEFAULT_PORT;
Socket s = null;
// Parse the port specification
if ((args.length != 1) && (args.length != 2)) usage();
if (args.length == 1) port = DEFAULT_PORT;
else {
try { port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { usage(); }
}
try {
// Create a socket to communicate to the specified host and port
s = new Socket(args[0], port);
// Create streams for reading and writing lines of text
// from and to this socket.
DataInputStream sin = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
PrintStream sout = new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
// Create a stream for reading lines of text from the console
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(System.in);
// Tell the user that we've connected
System.out.println("Connected to " + s.getInetAddress()
+ ":"+ s.getPort());
String line;
while(true) {
// print a prompt
System.out.print("> ");
System.out.flush();
// read a line from the console; check for EOF
line = in.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
// Send it to the server
sout.println(line);
// Read a line from the server.
line = sin.readLine();
// Check if connection is closed (i.e. for EOF)
if (line == null) {
System.out.println("Connection closed by server.");
break;
}
// And write the line to the console.
System.out.println(line);
}
}
catch (IOException e) { System.err.println(e); }
// Always be sure to close the socket
finally {
try { if (s != null) s.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { ; }
}
}
}
examples/section7/AppletClient.java 100664 765 765 5173 6202404371 16317 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class AppletClient extends Applet {
public static final int PORT = 6789;
Socket s;
DataInputStream in;
PrintStream out;
TextField inputfield;
TextArea outputarea;
StreamListener listener;
// Create a socket to communicate with a server on port 6789 of the
// host that the applet's code is on. Create streams to use with
// the socket. Then create a TextField for user input and a TextArea
// for server output. Finally, create a thread to wait for and
// display server output.
public void init() {
try {
s = new Socket(this.getCodeBase().getHost(), PORT);
in = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
out = new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
inputfield = new TextField();
outputarea = new TextArea();
outputarea.setEditable(false);
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
this.add("North", inputfield);
this.add("Center", outputarea);
listener = new StreamListener(in, outputarea);
this.showStatus("Connected to "
+ s.getInetAddress().getHostName()
+ ":" + s.getPort());
}
catch (IOException e) { this.showStatus(e.toString()); }
}
// When the user types a line, send it to the server.
public boolean action(Event e, Object what) {
if (e.target == inputfield) {
out.println((String)e.arg);
inputfield.setText("");
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
// Wait for output from the server on the specified stream, and display
// it in the specified TextArea.
class StreamListener extends Thread {
DataInputStream in;
TextArea output;
public StreamListener(DataInputStream in, TextArea output) {
this.in = in;
this.output = output;
this.start();
}
public void run() {
String line;
try {
for(;;) {
line = in.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
output.setText(line);
}
}
catch (IOException e) { output.setText(e.toString()); }
finally { output.setText("Connection closed by server."); }
}
}
examples/section7/FetchImageTest.class 100664 765 765 1460 6202406120 16740 0 ustar david david ???? - 2 / . % " )
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listen_socket DEFAULT_PORT ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; err out )Exception while listening for connections port ([Ljava/lang/String;)V Server.java println I toString ()Ljava/net/Socket; Ljava/io/PrintStream; java/net/ServerSocket parseInt Code LocalVariables ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; Ljava/net/ServerSocket; java/lang/NumberFormatException java/lang/StringBuffer accept Server: listening on port ()Ljava/lang/String; fail (I)V java/lang/Thread L U 6 Q U K ^ e 7 [ B "? ? Y? +? !? !*? ? ? ? ? 5 ! d f [ ? E*? ? ?<*? *? Y? ? ?
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ConstantValue (Ljava/lang/String;)V
Exceptions ()Ljava/net/InetAddress; (Ljava/net/DatagramPacket;)V
getAddress getHostName
SourceFile java/lang/System main : (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; receive append ()V java/lang/String ([BIII)V ()I ([BI)V java/lang/Exception getPort out port ([Ljava/lang/String;)V println I
UDPReceive toString Ljava/io/PrintStream; : Code LocalVariables UDPReceive: received from ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; java/net/DatagramPacket UDPReceive.java java/lang/StringBuffer ()Ljava/lang/String; java/net/InetAddress java/net/DatagramSocket (I)V java/lang/Object getLength D G . 7 E L ? l ?L?
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# 3 ! 6 # = ! B " R # f ! i 0 V < L *? ? - 5 Q examples/section7/Fetch.class 100664 765 765 2003 6202406131 15131 0 ustar david david ???? - : ( 7 - 6 5 * 4
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Fetch.java java/io/PrintStream
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code fetch createImage java/awt/image/ImageProducer
fetchimage java/awt/Component out (Ljava/lang/String;)V java/lang/Object ()Ljava/lang/Object; main ([Ljava/lang/String;)V Ljava/io/PrintStream; &(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String; java/net/MalformedURLException java/net/URL java/lang/System Fetch ()V
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1 8 % *? ? " # examples/section7/GetURLInfo.class 100664 765 765 3535 6202406134 16034 0 ustar david david ???? - } a s v B | z g m t Y X y ` S \ ] F A R =
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ConstantValue getInputStream
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Exceptions getContentType getContentLength (J)V getLastModified toExternalForm ()Ljava/io/InputStream;
SourceFile java/lang/System java/util/Date main (J)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; ()Ljava/net/URLConnection; java/io/IOException java/io/DataInputStream append ()V java/net/URLConnection java/net/URL ()J ()I java/net/MalformedURLException Content Length: (Ljava/io/InputStream;)V ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; out GetURLInfo.java ([Ljava/lang/String;)V Expiration: println toString
getExpiration (Ljava/net/URLConnection;)V Ljava/io/PrintStream; : Code LocalVariables ()Ljava/net/URL; ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; getURL Content Type: java/lang/StringBuffer ()Ljava/lang/String; Content Encoding: readLine java/lang/Object First five lines: getContentEncoding Last Modified: H k n B ?? ? Y? %*? ? &? )? )? ? (? ? Y? %? )*? ? )? ? (? ? Y? %? )*? ? ? ? (? ? Y? %? )? Y*? *? !? ? ? (? ? Y? %? )*? ? #? ? (? ? Y? %? )*? ? )? ? (? ? (?
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Q e examples/section7/Client.class 100664 765 765 3711 6202406135 15331 0 ustar david david ???? - ? t m J ? g p v Y U ] P B O _ u . <
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ConstantValue getInputStream usage Client.java (Ljava/lang/String;)V
Exceptions Connection closed by server. ()Ljava/net/InetAddress; (Ljava/lang/String;)I ()Ljava/io/InputStream;
SourceFile java/lang/System java/lang/Integer main (Ljava/lang/Object;)V (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; exit java/io/IOException getOutputStream (Ljava/lang/String;I)V in java/io/DataInputStream append ()V ()I Client flush java/net/Socket (Ljava/io/OutputStream;)V DEFAULT_PORT ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; (Ljava/io/InputStream;)V err getPort out > Ljava/io/InputStream; ([Ljava/lang/String;)V println I toString &Usage: java Client [] Ljava/io/PrintStream; parseInt : Code LocalVariables ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer;
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? ? ? A ? | [ q *? ? C N G examples/section7/FetchTest.java 100664 765 765 537 6131043264 15604 0 ustar david david import java.awt.*;
public class FetchTest extends Frame {
private Image i;
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawImage(i, 0, 0, this);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FetchTest f = new FetchTest();
f.i = Fetch.fetchimage(args[0], f);
f.resize(300, 300);
f.show();
}
}
examples/section7/FetchImageTest.java 100664 765 765 1412 6131044362 16560 0 ustar david david // Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
// This is a simple application designed to demonstrate the Fetch.fetchimage()
// method defined in the file Fetch.java. Pass a single argument, which
// is a URL pointing to a .gif file.
public class FetchImageTest extends Frame {
private Image i;
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawImage(i, 0, 0, this);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FetchImageTest f = new FetchImageTest();
f.i = Fetch.fetchimage(args[0], f);
f.resize(300, 300);
f.show();
}
}
examples/section7/Fetch.java 100664 765 765 3740 6131074717 14772 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
// The fetch() method in this class only works for fetching text/plain
// data. If you specify a file: URL, you may well need to specify a
// file that ends with a .txt extension so that the internal content
// handlers can tell it is a plain text file. The standard Java
// distribution doesn't contain content handlers for other types (such
// as text/html), and this application exits with an exception if it
// doesn't recognize the type or doesn't know how to load the type.
// The fetchimage() method works for .gif and a few other common image
// formats for which content handlers have been written. See the
// FetchImageTest class for a demonstration of the fetchimage() method
// defined here.
//
// This class serves to demonstrate the URL.getContent() method. In
// general, however, there are much better ways to load files and images
// over the net. See Applet.getImage(), for example.
public class Fetch {
// Get the contents of a URL and return it as a string.
public static String fetch(String address)
throws MalformedURLException, IOException
{
URL url = new URL(address);
return (String) url.getContent();
}
// Get the contents of a URL and return it as an image
public static Image fetchimage(String address, Component c)
throws MalformedURLException, IOException
{
URL url = new URL(address);
return c.createImage((java.awt.image.ImageProducer)url.getContent());
}
// Test out the fetch() method.
public static void main(String[] args)
throws MalformedURLException, IOException
{
System.out.println(fetch(args[0]));
}
}
examples/section7/GetURLInfo.java 100664 765 765 3162 6131075034 15646 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class GetURLInfo {
public static void printinfo(URLConnection u) throws IOException {
// Display the URL address, and information about it.
System.out.println(u.getURL().toExternalForm() + ":");
System.out.println(" Content Type: " + u.getContentType());
System.out.println(" Content Length: " + u.getContentLength());
System.out.println(" Last Modified: " + new Date(u.getLastModified()));
System.out.println(" Expiration: " + u.getExpiration());
System.out.println(" Content Encoding: " + u.getContentEncoding());
// Read and print out the first five lines of the URL.
System.out.println("First five lines:");
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(u.getInputStream());
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
String line = in.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
System.out.println(" " + line);
}
}
// Create a URL from the specified address, open a connection to it,
// and then display information about the URL.
public static void main(String[] args)
throws MalformedURLException, IOException
{
URL url = new URL(args[0]);
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
printinfo(connection);
}
}
examples/section7/AppletClient.class 100664 765 765 4556 6202406137 16511 0 ustar david david ???? - ? ? ? ? ~ ? f Y ] ? ? ? q ? d ? ? ? ? ? y ? ? ?
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outputarea
inputfield java/awt/Container getCodeBase target action
SourceFile
showStatus Ljava/io/DataInputStream; java/net/InetAddress arg
Connected to toString (Z)V Ljava/awt/TextField;
Exceptions AppletClient.java in LineNumberTable PORT (Ljava/io/OutputStream;)V ()Ljava/net/InetAddress; java/lang/String /(Ljava/io/DataInputStream;Ljava/awt/TextArea;)V ()Ljava/net/URL; ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; getPort ()Ljava/lang/String; Ljava/lang/Object; add java/io/DataInputStream init getHostName (Ljava/io/InputStream;)V ()Ljava/io/OutputStream; North java/awt/TextField java/lang/StringBuffer ()V (Ljava/awt/LayoutManager;)V java/awt/TextComponent java/awt/BorderLayout ()I getInputStream %(Ljava/awt/Event;Ljava/lang/Object;)Z setLayout java/net/Socket <(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/awt/Component;)Ljava/awt/Component; Center getInetAddress java/io/IOException java/awt/TextArea println ()Ljava/io/InputStream; out (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; AppletClient s java/io/PrintStream (Ljava/lang/String;)V Ljava/io/PrintStream;
ConstantValue I append java/awt/Event java/applet/Applet Code java/net/URL : getOutputStream getHost (Ljava/lang/String;I)V LStreamListener; setText Ljava/net/Socket; listener StreamListener LocalVariables Ljava/awt/TextArea; n ? ? ? ? l c ? ? [ i Z ? ? ? z ? ? 9 ?*? Y*? ? 1?? -? #*? Y*? #? %? 9? +*?
Y*? #? .? !? :*? Y? ? '*? Y? 7? 4*? 4? 6*?
Y? /? (**? '? "W**? 4? "W*? Y*? +*? 4? 2? 3*? Y? 0? &*? #? ? ? &? &*? #? ? ? )? $?L*+? 8? $? ? ? m Z ' 9 D O ! W " b # m $ x & ? ( ? * ? ( ? ) ? * ? ( ? ? , ? ` ? ? N &+? *? '? *? :+? *? ? ,*? '? ?? m 1 2 3 " 4 $ 6 \ ? ? *? 5? m a k examples/section7/UDPSend.java 100664 765 765 2456 6111146426 15201 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
// This class sends the specified text as a datagram to port 6010 of the
// specified host.
public class UDPSend {
static final int port = 6010;
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
if (args.length != 2) {
System.out.println("Usage: java UDPSend ");
System.exit(0);
}
// Get the internet address of the specified host
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(args[0]);
// Convert the message to an array of bytes
int msglen = args[1].length();
byte[] message = new byte[msglen];
args[1].getBytes(0, msglen, message, 0);
// Initilize the packet with data and address
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message, msglen,
address, port);
// Create a socket, and send the packet through it.
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
socket.send(packet);
}
}
examples/section7/AppletClient.html 100664 765 765 217 6131017121 16306 0 ustar david david
The AppletClient
examples/section7/UDPSend.class 100664 765 765 2003 6202406140 15342 0 ustar david david ???? - E z B @ 5 ! 4 ; ) 1 %
9 ' 6 ( A $ 9 C " < 3 2 : > # = * println (Usage: java UDPSend java/lang/String getByName (I)V ()I java/net/DatagramSocket
ConstantValue ([BILjava/net/InetAddress;I)V (Ljava/net/DatagramPacket;)V java/io/PrintStream (II[BI)V
Exceptions LineNumberTable I
SourceFile LocalVariables Code java/net/InetAddress out (Ljava/lang/String;)V java/lang/Object UDPSend send main ([Ljava/lang/String;)V Ljava/io/PrintStream; java/lang/System *(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/net/InetAddress; getBytes exit port java/net/DatagramPacket length java/lang/Exception ()V UDPSend.java ? - & 7 8 0 ? N*?? ? ? ? *2? L*2? = ?N*2 -?
? Y- +z? :? Y? :? ? , : $ . 4 5 8 = F M
+ 9 C 0 *? ? , . D examples/section8/ 40775 765 765 0 6202406172 12767 5 ustar david david examples/section8/Animator2.html 100664 765 765 573 6133203555 15576 0 ustar david david
An Improved Animator Applet
This animation is like the one in Example 4-8, but it loads all the
images before starting the animation. Notice how it uses the status
line.
examples/section8/GrayButton.java 100664 765 765 3575 6131244110 16030 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
public class GrayButton extends Applet {
Image i, gray;
// Load an image from a file. Create a new image that is a grayer
// version of it, using a FilteredImageSoruce ImageProducer and a
// GrayFilter ImageFilter.
public void init() {
i = this.getImage(this.getDocumentBase(), "images/button.gif");
ImageFilter f = new GrayFilter();
ImageProducer producer = new FilteredImageSource(i.getSource(), f);
gray = this.createImage(producer);
}
// Display the image
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawImage(i, 20, 20, this);
}
// When the user clicks, display the gray image
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y) {
Graphics g = this.getGraphics();
Dimension d = this.size();
g.clearRect(0, 0, d.width, d.height);
g.drawImage(gray, 20, 20, this);
return true;
}
// And restore the normal one when the mouse goes up.
public boolean mouseUp(Event e, int x, int y) {
update(this.getGraphics());
return true;
}
}
// Filter an image by averaging all of its colors with white.
// This washes it out and makes it grayer.
class GrayFilter extends RGBImageFilter {
public GrayFilter() { canFilterIndexColorModel = true; }
public int filterRGB(int x, int y, int rgb) {
int a = rgb & 0xff000000;
int r = ((rgb & 0xff0000) + 0xff0000)/2;
int g = ((rgb & 0x00ff00) + 0x00ff00)/2;
int b = ((rgb & 0x0000ff) + 0x0000ff)/2;
return a | r | g | b;
}
}
examples/section8/Smooth.class 100664 765 765 6566 6202406165 15403 0 ustar david david ???? - ? ??? ? x ? ? ? ? v ? y ? ? ? ? ? ?
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SourceFile getRed (Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V (IIIIII)V Ljava/awt/Font;
Exceptions 3(Ljava/awt/Image;IILjava/awt/image/ImageObserver;)Z stop LineNumberTable black
drawString size clipRect start *(Ljava/awt/Rectangle;)Ljava/awt/Rectangle; please_stop animator getGraphics (III)V fillArc (I)V drawImage stringwidth (Ljava/awt/Color;)V java/lang/InterruptedException init 7(Ljava/awt/Graphics;Ljava/awt/Color;Ljava/awt/Color;I)V stringheight createImage java/awt/FontMetrics java/awt/Component
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imagewidth (Ljava/lang/String;II)V Smooth.java java/awt/Dimension Ljava/awt/Image; sleep run getHeight setColor y x java/lang/Runnable java/awt/Graphics offscreen union Ljava/lang/String; width Smooth java/awt/Image Z fillRect (Ljava/awt/Event;II)Z mouseDown ()Ljava/awt/Dimension; (II)Ljava/awt/Image; paint
ConstantValue I stringascent (Ljava/lang/String;)I Helvetica java/applet/Applet Code c2 height c1 imageheight (Ljava/awt/Font;)V getFontMetrics LocalVariables Ljava/awt/Color; Ljava/lang/Thread; (J)V font ? ? ? ? ? ? { ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? T $**? #? !L*+? ;? *+? (? *+? 1? ? ?
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Y? >? 2*? Y? @? #*? ? ? / 4 ~ ? examples/section8/GrayFilter.class 100664 765 765 712 6202406166 16146 0 ustar david david ???? - ? ? ?
Z
ConstantValue java/awt/image/RGBImageFilter
Exceptions LineNumberTable
SourceFile LocalVariables Code
GrayButton
GrayFilter GrayButton.java (III)I filterRGB canFilterIndexColorModel ()V "
*? *? ? . ] 5 ~6 ~`l6 ~`l6 ?~ ?`l6???? 0 1 2 3 ) 4 examples/section8/Smooth.java 100664 765 765 11456 6202404771 15232 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Smooth extends Applet implements Runnable {
static final int deltax = 4;
static final int deltay = 2;
static final String message = "Smooth Animation";
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
Color c1 = new Color(0x0000ff);
Color c2 = new Color(0xffffff);
Font font = new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD, 24);
Image offscreen;
int imagewidth, imageheight;
int stringwidth, stringheight, stringascent;
Thread animator = null;
boolean please_stop = false;
// Measure the size of the text we'll be animating. We need this
// information later to do clipping.
public void init() {
FontMetrics fm = this.getFontMetrics(font);
stringwidth = fm.stringWidth(message);
stringheight = fm.getHeight();
stringascent = fm.getAscent();
}
// Start the animation
public void start() {
animator = new Thread(this);
animator.start();
}
// Stop it.
public void stop() {
if (animator != null) animator.stop();
animator = null;
}
// Stop and start animating on mouse clicks.
public boolean mouseDown(Event e, int x, int y) {
// if running, stop it. Otherwise, start it.
if (animator != null) please_stop = true;
else { please_stop = false; start(); }
return true;
}
// Draw a fancy background. Because this background is time-consuming
// to draw, our animation techniques must be efficient to avoid bad
// flickering.
void drawBackground(Graphics gr, Color c1, Color c2, int numsteps) {
int r, g, b;
int dr = (c2.getRed() - c1.getRed())/numsteps;
int dg = (c2.getGreen() - c1.getGreen())/numsteps;
int db = (c2.getBlue() - c1.getBlue())/numsteps;
Dimension size = this.size();
int w = size.width, h = size.height;
int dw = size.width/numsteps;
int dh = size.height/numsteps;
gr.setColor(c1);
gr.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
for(r = c1.getRed(), g = c1.getGreen(), b = c1.getBlue();
h > 0;
h -= dh, w -= dw, r += dr, g += dg, b += db) {
gr.setColor(new Color(r, g, b));
gr.fillArc(-w, -h, 2*w, 2*h, 0, -90);
}
}
// This method draws the background and text at its current position.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
drawBackground(g, c1, c2, 25);
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.setFont(font);
g.drawString(message, x, y);
}
// The body of the animator thread.
public void run() {
while(!please_stop) {
Dimension d = this.size();
// Make sure the offscreen image is created and is the right size.
if ((offscreen == null) ||
((imagewidth != d.width) || (imageheight != d.height))) {
// if (offscreen != null) offscreen.flush();
offscreen = this.createImage(d.width, d.height);
imagewidth = d.width;
imageheight = d.height;
}
// Set up clipping. We only need to draw within the
// old rectangle that needs to be cleared and the new
// one that is being drawn.
// the old rectangle
Rectangle oldrect = new Rectangle(x, y-stringascent,
stringwidth, stringheight);
// Update the coordinates for animation.
x = ((x + deltax)%d.width);
y = ((y + deltay)%d.height);
// the new rectangle
Rectangle newrect = new Rectangle(x, y-stringascent,
stringwidth, stringheight);
// Compute the union of the rectangles
Rectangle r = newrect.union(oldrect);
// Use this rectangle as the clipping region when
// drawing to the offscreen image, and when copying
// from the offscreen image to the screen.
Graphics g = offscreen.getGraphics();
g.clipRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
// Draw into the off-screen image.
paint(g);
// Copy it all at once to the screen, using clipping.
g = this.getGraphics();
g.clipRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
g.drawImage(offscreen, 0, 0, this);
// wait a tenth of a second, then draw it again!
try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { ; }
}
animator = null;
}
}
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Z x examples/section8/GrayButton.html 100664 765 765 471 6131243576 16042 0 ustar david david
Image Filtering Example
This example uses an RGBImageFilter to change the colors of an image
by making them all more gray. Click the mouse to see the filtered colors.
examples/section8/Smooth.html 100664 765 765 473 6111152321 15200 0 ustar david david
Smooth Animation Example
This example uses double buffering and clipping to smoothly
animate text over a complex background. Clicking on the animation
stops and restarts it.
examples/section8/Animator2.java 100664 765 765 6340 6202404741 15566 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
// This applet displays an animation. It uses the MediaTracker class to
// load the images and verify that there are no errors.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Animator2 extends Applet implements Runnable {
protected Image[] images;
protected int num_images;
protected int current_image;
protected MediaTracker tracker;
// Read the basename and num_images parameters.
// Then read in the images, using the specified base name.
// For example, if basename is images/anim, read images/anim0,
// images/anim1, etc. These are relative to the current document URL.
public void init() {
String basename = this.getParameter("basename");
try { num_images = Integer.parseInt(this.getParameter("num_images")); }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { num_images = 0; }
// getImage() creates an Image object from a URL specification,
// but it doesn't actually load the images; that is done
// asynchronously. Store all the images in a MediaTracker
// so we can wait until they have all loaded (in run()).
tracker = new MediaTracker(this);
images = new Image[num_images];
for(int i = 0; i < num_images; i++) {
images[i] = this.getImage(this.getDocumentBase(), basename + i);
tracker.addImage(images[i], i);
}
}
// This is the thread that runs the animation, and the methods
// that start it and stop it.
private Thread animator_thread = null;
public void start() {
if (animator_thread == null) {
animator_thread = new Thread(this);
animator_thread.start();
}
}
public void stop() {
if ((animator_thread != null) && animator_thread.isAlive())
animator_thread.stop();
animator_thread = null;
}
// This is the body of the thread--the method that does the animation.
public void run() {
// First, force all the images to be loaded, and wait until
// they have all loaded completely.
for (int i = 0; i < num_images; i++) {
this.showStatus("Loading image: " + i);
// The argument is the same one we passed to addImage()
try { tracker.waitForID(i); } catch (InterruptedException e) { ; }
// Check for errors loading it.
if (tracker.isErrorID(i)) {
this.showStatus("Error loading image " + i + "; quitting.");
return;
}
}
this.showStatus("Loading images: done.");
// Now do the animation
while(true) {
if (++current_image >= images.length) current_image = 0;
this.getGraphics().drawImage(images[current_image], 0, 0, this);
this.getToolkit().sync(); // Force it to be drawn *now*.
try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { ; }
}
}
}
examples/section8/GrayButton.class 100664 765 765 2671 6202406172 16217 0 ustar david david ???? - Y 4 W X I Q 3 L D <
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5 S examples/section9/ 40775 765 765 0 6202406227 12771 5 ustar david david examples/section9/Server.java 100664 765 765 17546 6202405504 15231 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Server extends Thread {
public final static int DEFAULT_PORT = 6789;
protected int port;
protected ServerSocket listen_socket;
protected ThreadGroup threadgroup;
protected List connection_list;
protected Vector connections;
protected Vulture vulture;
// Exit with an error message, when an exception occurs.
public static void fail(Exception e, String msg) {
System.err.println(msg + ": " + e);
System.exit(1);
}
// Create a ServerSocket to listen for connections on; start the thread.
public Server(int port) {
// Create our server thread with a name.
super("Server");
if (port == 0) port = DEFAULT_PORT;
this.port = port;
try { listen_socket = new ServerSocket(port); }
catch (IOException e) { fail(e, "Exception creating server socket"); }
// Create a threadgroup for our connections
threadgroup = new ThreadGroup("Server Connections");
// Create a window to display our connections in
Frame f = new Frame("Server Status");
connection_list = new List();
f.add("Center", connection_list);
f.resize(400, 200);
f.show();
// Initialize a vector to store our connections in
connections = new Vector();
// Create a Vulture thread to wait for other threads to die.
// It starts itself automatically.
vulture = new Vulture(this);
// Start the server listening for connections
this.start();
}
// The body of the server thread. Loop forever, listening for and
// accepting connections from clients. For each connection,
// create a Connection object to handle communication through the
// new Socket. When we create a new connection, add it to the
// Vector of connections, and display it in the List. Note that we
// use synchronized to lock the Vector of connections. The Vulture
// class does the same, so the vulture won't be removing dead
// connections while we're adding fresh ones.
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
Socket client_socket = listen_socket.accept();
Connection c = new Connection(client_socket, threadgroup,
3, vulture);
// prevent simultaneous access.
synchronized (connections) {
connections.addElement(c);
connection_list.addItem(c.toString());
}
}
}
catch (IOException e) {
fail(e, "Exception while listening for connections");
}
}
// Start the server up, listening on an optionally specified port
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 0;
if (args.length == 1) {
try { port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { port = 0; }
}
new Server(port);
}
}
// This class is the thread that handles all communication with a client
// It also notifies the Vulture when the connection is dropped.
class Connection extends Thread {
static int connection_number = 0;
protected Socket client;
protected Vulture vulture;
protected DataInputStream in;
protected PrintStream out;
// Initialize the streams and start the thread
public Connection(Socket client_socket, ThreadGroup threadgroup,
int priority, Vulture vulture)
{
// Give the thread a group, a name, and a priority.
super(threadgroup, "Connection-" + connection_number++);
this.setPriority(priority);
// Save our other arguments away
client = client_socket;
this.vulture = vulture;
// Create the streams
try {
in = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
out = new PrintStream(client.getOutputStream());
}
catch (IOException e) {
try { client.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { ; }
System.err.println("Exception while getting socket streams: " + e);
return;
}
// And start the thread up
this.start();
}
// Provide the service.
// Read a line, reverse it, send it back.
public void run() {
String line;
StringBuffer revline;
int len;
// Send a welcome message to the client
out.println("Line Reversal Server version 1.0");
out.println("A service of O'Reilly & Associates");
try {
for(;;) {
// read in a line
line = in.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
// reverse it
len = line.length();
revline = new StringBuffer(len);
for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
revline.insert(len-1-i, line.charAt(i));
// and write out the reversed line
out.println(revline);
}
}
catch (IOException e) { ; }
// When we're done, for whatever reason, be sure to close
// the socket, and to notify the Vulture object. Note that
// we have to use synchronized first to lock the vulture
// object before we can call notify() for it.
finally {
try { client.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { ; }
synchronized (vulture) { vulture.notify(); }
}
}
// This method returns the string representation of the Connection.
// This is the string that will appear in the GUI List.
public String toString() {
return this.getName() + " connected to: "
+ client.getInetAddress().getHostName()
+ ":" + client.getPort();
}
}
// This class waits to be notified that a thread is dying (exiting)
// and then cleans up the list of threads and the graphical list.
class Vulture extends Thread {
protected Server server;
protected Vulture(Server s) {
super(s.threadgroup, "Connection Vulture");
server = s;
this.start();
}
// This is the method that waits for notification of exiting threads
// and cleans up the lists. It is a synchronized method, so it
// acquires a lock on the `this' object before running. This is
// necessary so that it can call wait() on this. Even if the
// the Connection objects never call notify(), this method wakes up
// every five seconds and checks all the connections, just in case.
// Note also that all access to the Vector of connections and to
// the GUI List component are within a synchronized block as well.
// This prevents the Server class from adding a new conenction while
// we're removing an old one.
public synchronized void run() {
for(;;) {
try { this.wait(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { ; }
// prevent simultaneous access
synchronized(server.connections) {
// loop through the connections
for(int i = 0; i < server.connections.size(); i++) {
Connection c;
c = (Connection)server.connections.elementAt(i);
// if the connection thread isn't alive anymore,
// remove it from the Vector and List.
if (!c.isAlive()) {
server.connections.removeElementAt(i);
server.connection_list.delItem(i);
i--;
}
}
}
}
}
}
examples/section9/Client.java 100664 765 765 6511 6202405136 15150 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 6789;
Socket socket;
Thread reader, writer;
// Create the client by creating its reader and writer threads
// and starting them.
public Client(String host, int port) {
try {
socket = new Socket(host, port);
// Create reader and writer sockets
reader = new Reader(this);
writer = new Writer(this);
// Give the reader a higher priority to work around
// a problem with shared access to the console.
reader.setPriority(6);
writer.setPriority(5);
// Start the threads
reader.start();
writer.start();
}
catch (IOException e) { System.err.println(e); }
}
public static void usage() {
System.out.println("Usage: java Client []");
System.exit(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = DEFAULT_PORT;
Socket s = null;
// Parse the port specification
if ((args.length != 1) && (args.length != 2)) usage();
if (args.length == 1) port = DEFAULT_PORT;
else {
try { port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); }
catch (NumberFormatException e) { usage(); }
}
new Client(args[0], port);
}
}
// This thread reads data from the server and prints it on the console
// As usual, the run() method does the interesting stuff.
class Reader extends Thread {
Client client;
public Reader(Client c) {
super("Client Reader");
this.client = c;
}
public void run() {
DataInputStream in = null;
String line;
try {
in = new DataInputStream(client.socket.getInputStream());
while(true) {
line = in.readLine();
if (line == null) {
System.out.println("Server closed connection.");
break;
}
System.out.println(line);
}
}
catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Reader: " + e); }
finally { try {if (in != null) in.close();} catch (IOException e) {;} }
System.exit(0);
}
}
// This thread reads user input from the console and sends it to the server.
class Writer extends Thread {
Client client;
public Writer(Client c) {
super("Client Writer");
client = c;
}
public void run() {
DataInputStream in = null;
PrintStream out = null;
try {
String line;
in = new DataInputStream(System.in);
out = new PrintStream(client.socket.getOutputStream());
while(true) {
line = in.readLine();
if (line == null) break;
out.println(line);
}
}
catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Writer: " + e); }
finally { if (out != null) out.close(); }
System.exit(0);
}
}
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preferredSize
SourceFile AppletThreadLister LocalVariables Code init toString (Ljava/io/OutputStream;)V (Ljava/lang/String;)V java/io/ByteArrayOutputStream java/applet/Applet add ()Ljava/awt/Dimension; AppletThreadLister.java textarea java/awt/TextComponent *(Ljava/awt/Component;)Ljava/awt/Component; start java/awt/TextArea ()V ThreadLister B # 8 G 7 U -*? Y
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Exceptions LineNumberTable java/net/ServerSocket java/lang/System java/lang/NumberFormatException start java/awt/Window resize java/util/Vector 5(Ljava/net/Socket;Ljava/lang/ThreadGroup;ILVulture;)V ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; (I)V ()Ljava/lang/String; main Server Connections add connections LVulture; (Ljava/lang/Object;)V java/awt/Frame )Exception while listening for connections Exception creating server socket java/lang/Integer DEFAULT_PORT vulture threadgroup
java/awt/List java/awt/Component java/lang/StringBuffer *(Ljava/lang/Exception;Ljava/lang/String;)V ()V show connection_list ()Ljava/net/Socket;
Connection fail java/lang/Thread java/lang/ThreadGroup Vulture (II)V addItem Server.java exit err <(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/awt/Component;)Ljava/awt/Component; run ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; Center : Ljava/util/Vector; java/io/IOException println Server Ljava/lang/ThreadGroup; java/io/PrintStream
Server Status (Ljava/lang/String;)V Ljava/io/PrintStream;
ConstantValue I (Ljava/lang/String;)I append
listen_socket Code ([Ljava/lang/String;)V LocalVariables w ? ? Z ? ? Y y ? ? _ p ? x q ? } ? B "? #? Y? $+? 6? 6*? ? :? ? 3? a ! V k ? ? ?*? (? ?<*? *? Y? 5? %?
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ConstantValue usage Writer Client.java (LClient;)V (Ljava/lang/String;)V start writer
Exceptions (Ljava/lang/String;)I
SourceFile java/lang/System java/lang/Integer main (Ljava/lang/Object;)V setPriority exit java/io/IOException socket (Ljava/lang/String;I)V ()V Client java/net/Socket DEFAULT_PORT err out Reader reader ([Ljava/lang/String;)V println I &Usage: java Client [] Ljava/io/PrintStream; parseInt Code LocalVariables Ljava/lang/Thread; java/lang/NumberFormatException Ljava/net/Socket; (I)V java/lang/Object java/lang/Thread G N 0 B V K T 7 T W C R ? R*? *? Y+ ? ? *? Y*? ? *? Y*? ? *? ? *? ? *? ? *? ? ?N? -? ? H I
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Connection java/lang/Thread getInputStream Vulture connection_number Server.java java/net/Socket err ,(Ljava/lang/ThreadGroup;Ljava/lang/String;)V run ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; getInetAddress java/io/IOException println ()Ljava/io/InputStream; client out (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; Server java/io/PrintStream connected to: (Ljava/lang/String;)V Line Reversal Server version 1.0 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
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Exceptions Reader: ()Ljava/io/InputStream;
SourceFile java/lang/System exit java/io/IOException socket java/io/DataInputStream run append ()V Client java/net/Socket LClient; (Ljava/io/InputStream;)V ,(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; client out Reader Server closed connection. println toString Ljava/io/PrintStream; Code java/io/FilterInputStream LocalVariables ,(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; java/lang/StringBuffer ()Ljava/lang/String; close Ljava/net/Socket; readLine (I)V
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? ? ? ? * ? 2 ? = ? H ? K ? \ ? 0 5 examples/section9/ThreadLister.java 100664 765 765 4641 6111146433 16327 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.io.*;
public class ThreadLister {
// Display info about a thread.
private static void print_thread_info(PrintStream out, Thread t,
String indent) {
if (t == null) return;
out.println(indent + "Thread: " + t.getName() +
" Priority: " + t.getPriority() +
(t.isDaemon()?" Daemon":"") +
(t.isAlive()?"":" Not Alive"));
}
// Display info about a thread group and its threads and groups
private static void list_group(PrintStream out, ThreadGroup g,
String indent) {
if (g == null) return;
int num_threads = g.activeCount();
int num_groups = g.activeGroupCount();
Thread[] threads = new Thread[num_threads];
ThreadGroup[] groups = new ThreadGroup[num_groups];
g.enumerate(threads, false);
g.enumerate(groups, false);
out.println(indent + "Thread Group: " + g.getName() +
" Max Priority: " + g.getMaxPriority() +
(g.isDaemon()?" Daemon":""));
for(int i = 0; i < num_threads; i++)
print_thread_info(out, threads[i], indent + " ");
for(int i = 0; i < num_groups; i++)
list_group(out, groups[i], indent + " ");
}
// Find the root thread group and list it recursively
public static void listAllThreads(PrintStream out) {
ThreadGroup current_thread_group;
ThreadGroup root_thread_group;
ThreadGroup parent;
// Get the current thread group
current_thread_group = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
// Now go find the root thread group
root_thread_group = current_thread_group;
parent = root_thread_group.getParent();
while(parent != null) {
root_thread_group = parent;
parent = parent.getParent();
}
// And list it, recursively
list_group(out, root_thread_group, "");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadLister.listAllThreads(System.out);
}
}
examples/section9/AppletThreadLister.java 100664 765 765 1736 6111146430 17474 0 ustar david david // This example is from the book _Java in a Nutshell_ by David Flanagan.
// Written by David Flanagan. Copyright (c) 1996 O'Reilly & Associates.
// You may study, use, modify, and distribute this example for any purpose.
// This example is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
public class AppletThreadLister extends Applet {
TextArea textarea;
// Create a text area to put our listing in
public void init() {
textarea = new TextArea(20, 60);
this.add(textarea);
Dimension prefsize = textarea.preferredSize();
this.resize(prefsize.width, prefsize.height);
}
// Do the listing. Note the cool use of ByteArrayOutputStream.
public void start() {
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(os);
ThreadLister.listAllThreads(ps);
textarea.setText(os.toString());
}
}
examples/section9/AppletThreadLister.html 100664 765 765 374 6111152474 17501 0 ustar david david
The ThreadLister Applet
This is a list of all threads that are running in the Java interpreter
of this Web browser.
examples/section9/ThreadLister.class 100664 765 765 3743 6202406227 16516 0 ustar david david ???? - w [ v e j C M u T q k P p L > I
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ConstantValue isAlive activeGroupCount Thread Group: (Ljava/lang/String;)V ()Ljava/lang/ThreadGroup; isDaemon
Exceptions ([Ljava/lang/ThreadGroup;Z)I java/lang/ThreadGroup listAllThreads
SourceFile java/lang/System Priority: main getParent ThreadLister ThreadLister.java A(Ljava/io/PrintStream;Ljava/lang/ThreadGroup;Ljava/lang/String;)V (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuffer; Max Priority: getMaxPriority ()Z append ([Ljava/lang/Thread;Z)I ()V ()I out ()Ljava/lang/Thread; ([Ljava/lang/String;)V println toString getPriority
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@ ? o Y f *? %? ? K Q examples/README 100664 765 765 1035 6131245636 12216 0 ustar david david This distribution contains example programs and applets from the book
_Java in a Nutshell_, by David Flanagan. The examples are written by
David Flanagan, and are Copyright (c) 1996 by O'Reilly & Associates.
The file index.html contains much more information about the examples.
Please view it with your web browser.
The examples are organized by chapter, and are found in the
subdirectories section1/ through section9/.
To order _Java in a Nutshell_, call 1-800-889-8969 from the USA or
Canada, or +1-707-829-0515 from other countries.
